A simple explanation of El Nino phenomenon?

El Nino phenomenon, also known as El Nino current, is a large-scale interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere in the equatorial Pacific.

Climate phenomenon caused by loss of balance after action. Under normal circumstances, the monsoon ocean in the tropical Pacific region

Ocean currents flow from America to Asia, keeping the surface of the Pacific Ocean warm and bringing tropical rainfall to Indonesia. But this

This pattern is disturbed every 2-7 years, the wind direction and ocean current are reversed, and the heat flow in the surface layer of the Pacific Ocean is turning.

And went eastward to America, taking away tropical rainfall, and the so-called "El Ni? o phenomenon" appeared.

The word "El Nino" comes from Spanish, which means "El Nino". /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, in South America.

In Spanish-speaking countries such as Ecuador and Peru, fishermen find that every few years, from 10 to

In March of the following year, there will be a warm current moving southward along the coast, which will obviously increase the surface seawater temperature. South America. See AMERICA

The Peruvian cold current originally prevailed on the east coast of Europe and the Pacific Ocean, and the fish that moved with the cold current made the Peruvian fishing ground become the world.

One of the three largest fishing grounds in the world, but as soon as this warm current appears, a large number of fish who like cold water will die, causing fishermen.

Suffer extinction. Because this phenomenon is often the most serious around Christmas, fishermen who suffer from natural disasters and are helpless are called the son of God-El Nino.

Due to the greenhouse effect, the temperature rises.

The origin of "El Nino"

El Nino is Spanish, meaning "El Nino", the son of God. El Nino phenomenon refers to the large-scale abnormal rise of seawater temperature in the equatorial Middle East Pacific every few years.

El Nino's hometown is on the east coast of the South Pacific, which is the west coast of Ecuador and Peru in South America. The famous Peruvian cold current flows through here from south to north, forming a world-famous Peruvian fishing ground, and the fish produced here once accounted for about 1/5 of the world's total marine fish production. However, every 2-7 years, there will be a marine catastrophe caused by the abnormal rise of seawater temperature in Peruvian fishing grounds: fish and birds die, marine animals move, and fishery production is greatly reduced. This phenomenon usually occurs around Christmas or a month or two later, so Peruvians call it "El Nino", that is, "El Nino". In addition to the west coast of Peru, El Ni? o may also occur in the coastal areas of California, southwest Africa and Western Australia, but its impact is relatively small and has not attracted widespread attention.

What caused this marine biological disaster was an equatorial countercurrent-El Nino warm current flowing from west to east in the northern waters of Peru cold current, which was generally weak and would not cause any impact. In the year when El Nino happened, its vitality increased. After being blocked by the South American continent, it will turn around and flow to the area where the Peru cold current is located in the south, causing the sea water temperature here to suddenly rise by 3℃ ~ 6℃. Cold water plankton and fish that once lived in this sea area died in large numbers because they did not adapt to this warm environment. Seabirds and marine animals that feed on fish starve to death or move to other places because they can't find food. In the worst days of the disaster, the sea surface and beaches of callao, the outer port of Lima, Peru, were covered with the remains of fish, seabirds and other marine animals. The decomposition of animal carcasses produces hydrogen sulfide, which discolors and stinks the seawater, blackens the underwater hulls of ships in the harbor, and splashes the buildings and cars near the harbor with the fog or sea breeze blowing to the mainland, so that the surface is coated with a layer of black, as if someone had painted it. Locals call this El Nino graffiti "callao painter".

The ominous El Nino phenomenon

When El Nino occurs, the abnormal rise of sea surface temperature leads to the increase of atmospheric temperature over the ocean, which destroys the dynamic balance of the normal distribution of heat and water vapor in the atmospheric circulation. This kind of sea-air change is often accompanied by disastrous weather around the world: hot and cold, sunny places are flooded, and rainy places are scorched by the hot sun. Generally speaking, when El Nino occurs, the rainfall in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific will increase greatly, causing floods, while the western Pacific such as Australia and Indonesia is dry and rainy.

According to incomplete statistics, there have been 17 El Ni? o phenomena since this century (including the latest round of 1997 ~ 1998 El Ni? o phenomena). The seasons are not fixed, ranging from six months to one or two years. The intensity is also different. The incident from 1982 to 1983 was very strong and lasted for two years, with frequent disasters, causing about 1500 deaths and at least 100 billion US dollars in property losses.

Like previous times, a new round of El Nino phenomenon has also affected China. The most obvious performance is that it can weaken the summer monsoon intensity from the southeast ocean, lead to the abnormal phenomenon that the summer rainfall belt is located to the south, cause heavy rain in the south and severe drought in the north. During the period from June to August, extreme high temperature occurred in most parts of the north, and the weather in the capital Beijing was extremely sultry during this period, which made the sales of air conditioners unprecedented prosperity. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where the summer heat in China was located in previous years, the four "stoves" in Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang and Nanjing turned off twice. Due to the continuous high temperature in northern provinces such as Shandong, a rare drought occurred. The Lijin Hydrological Station of the Yellow River in Shandong Province was cut off for 222 days, which seriously affected industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. At the same time, the rainfall in many places in the south is much more than in previous years. It is reported that the rainfall in the first eight months of Macao 1997 exceeded the average annual rainfall in the past 40 years. The rainfall in Hong Kong has also broken the historical rainfall record. On the day of Hong Kong's return to China on July 1, continuous heavy rain was accompanied by a grand handover ceremony, which was impressive. Generally speaking, under the influence of El Nino, the winter temperature in most parts of the country is higher than normal, and the phenomenon of waterlogging in the south and drought in the north is more obvious.