What are the main climate types on the seven continents?

1． Tropical rainforest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, such as the Malay Islands, Amazon Plain, Congo Basin and the Gulf of Guinea coast. It is characterized by high temperatures and rain all year round, with small annual temperature ranges, and the average monthly temperature is between 25-28°C. , the annual precipitation is mostly above 2000 mm, and the distribution is relatively even throughout the year.

2. Tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed in the north and south sides of the tropical rainforest climate zone. The average annual temperature here is high, but the annual temperature range is slightly greater than that of the tropical rainforest climate. The annual precipitation is mostly between 400-1500 mm, and there are obvious dry and wet seasons. , the further away from the equator, the longer the dry season and therefore the less precipitation.

3. Tropical monsoon climate is distributed in South Asia and Indochina. It is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature of the coldest month is also above 18°C. Precipitation is closely related to wind direction. In winter, northeasterly winds from the mainland prevail with little precipitation. In summer, prevailing winds from The southwesterly winds of the Indian Ocean bring abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in most areas is 1500-2000 mm, but in some areas it is much more than this.

4. Tropical desert climate is distributed in the interior of the continent or the west coast of the continent near the Tropic of Cancer. It is characterized by high annual average temperature, large annual temperature difference, larger daily temperature difference, and scarce precipitation. The annual precipitation is generally less than 250 mm, and in many areas there is only a few dozen Millimeters or even several millimeters, precipitation variability is very large, and it often does not rain for several consecutive years.

5. The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the east coast of the mainland. The winter here is not cold, the average temperature in January is generally above 0°C, and the summer is hot. The average temperature in July is generally around 25°C. The wind direction changes significantly in winter and summer, and the annual precipitation is average. Above 1000 mm, it is mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This type of climate is most typical in southeastern my country. In other areas, since there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is not much difference between dryness and wetness in winter and summer, so it is called a subtropical monsoon humid climate.

6. The Mediterranean climate is distributed in the subtropical areas on the west coast of the continent, with the Mediterranean coastal areas being the most typical, hence the name. This type of climate is characterized by mild winters, hot or warm summers, precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter, and dry summers, so it is also called a subtropical summer-dry climate.

7. The temperate maritime climate is distributed in the temperate zone on the west coast of the mainland. It is characterized by not being cold in winter (the average temperature in January is above 0℃), not hot in summer (the average temperature in July is below 22℃), and there is precipitation all year round. Precipitation is generally around 1,000 mm, and can reach 2,000 mm or more in places with favorable terrain.

8． The temperate monsoon climate is distributed in the eastern areas north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in my country, the northern parts of Korea and Japan, and the eastern coastal areas of Siberia. It is characterized by warm summers and cold winters, with an annual precipitation of 500-1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer, winter and summer. The temperature difference increases from south to north, and the precipitation decreases from south to north.

9. The temperate continental climate is distributed within the Eurasian continent and the North American continent. Due to the control of continental air masses throughout the year, the winters are cold and the summers are hot. The annual temperature range is large and the precipitation is less. The annual precipitation is less than 500 mm, forming a dry environment in the central part of the continent. Or a semi-arid climate; while in the northern part of the continent, due to the high latitude, cold and long winters, cool and short summers, low evaporation, and little precipitation, it is not dry, forming a special subarctic coniferous forest climate.

10. Polar climate is distributed in the northern edge areas of Eurasia and North America, Greenland, the Arctic Ocean islands and Antarctica. In the continental margins, winters are long and cold, but the average temperature in the hottest month in summer can reach 10°C. Moss and lichens are typical plants here, so it is also called a tundra climate; most of Greenland, the Arctic Ocean islands and Antarctica and other places The area is covered with ice and snow all year round, and the hottest monthly average temperature does not exceed 0°C, so it is called an ice sheet climate.

11. Alpine climate may occur at any latitude. It is characterized by vertical changes in temperature and precipitation. Temperature decreases with increasing altitude. Precipitation increases with increasing altitude within a certain altitude range. Above this altitude, it decreases with increasing altitude. .

Among them 10. Polar climate includes tundra and ice sheet climate. (1) Polar long-cold climate (tundra climate). Distributed in the northern edge of the North American continent and the Eurasian continent (the south is connected to the subarctic continental climate by the 10°C isotherm of the hottest month), part of the coast of Greenland and several islands in the Arctic Ocean; in the southern hemisphere, it is distributed in Malvi Places such as the Naas Islands, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands. Its characteristics are: winter all year round, with average monthly temperatures between 0° and 10°C for only 1 to 4 months of the year, and the winter is extremely cold and long; the annual precipitation is about 200 to 300 mm, mainly snow; the ground There is a permafrost layer and only low plants such as lichens and mosses. ? (2) Polar ice sheet climate. Distributed in the polar regions and adjacent areas, including Greenland, several islands in the Arctic Ocean and the ice plateau of the Antarctic continent. This is the birthplace of the icy ocean air mass and the Antarctic air mass. It is in a state of perpetual night throughout the winter. Although there is perpetual daylight in the summer half of the year, the sunlight is oblique and the heat received is weak. Therefore, the climate is severely cold all year round, and the temperature is below 0°C every month; Antarctica The continent's annual average temperature is -25°C, making it the coldest continent in the world. In 1967, Norwegians measured the absolute lowest temperature of -94.5°C, which can be called the world's "cold pole." The ground is mostly covered with thick ice and snow, and there are severe storms, making it difficult for plants to grow.

13. Subarctic coniferous forest climate). This climate occurs between 50° and 65° north latitude and is distributed in a band across North America and Eurasia. Specifically, in North America from Alaska through Canada to Labrador and most of Newfoundland; in Eurasia from Scandinavia in the west (except the south), through Finland and the western Soviet Union (the southern limit is at Lenin Grad-Gorky-Sverdlovsk line) to the eastern part of the Soviet Union (except the south). The northern part is bounded by the 10°C isotherm of the hottest month. The climate in this area is mainly affected by polar ocean air masses and polar continental air masses, and is the source of polar continental air masses. In winter, there are many opportunities for Arctic air masses to invade; during the warm season, tropical continental air masses can sometimes penetrate. The main characteristics of this type of climate are: winters are long and cold, with average temperatures below 0°C for 5 to 7 months each year, and severe cold weather of -50°C often occurs; summers are short and warm, with average monthly temperatures above 10°C and high temperatures. The temperature can reach 18° to 20°C, and the annual temperature range is particularly large; the annual precipitation is generally 300 to 600 mm, with summer rain being the main factor. Due to weak evaporation, the relative humidity is very high.