Does anyone know anything about Polygonum multiflorum Thunb?

Latin scientific name: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

English name: Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. in Malta.

Family name: Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae.

Alias: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Origin of the name: Li Ao, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, wrote The Biography of Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb was originally a person's name. Later, according to historical records, Li Shizhen renamed the original Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Mild in nature, bitter, sweet and astringent in taste.

Compendium of Materia Medica records that Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has one wild seedling, two vines, three nightclubs, four goblins and five Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This is out of Zhou Shun, out of Jinxing County, and all the roads in Jiangnan.

Vivi is like a log, with shiny leaves and a shape like a peach willow. There are males and females: male seedlings are yellow and female seedlings are yellow pools. Roots are no more than three feet, and seedlings and vines meet at night. Its roots are sweet and non-toxic. Poria cocos is used to treat five kinds of hemorrhoids, such as waist and knee diseases, air-conditioning heartache, chronic fatigue and phlegm addiction, muscle strength, essence, vitality and blackening hair to prolong life. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Most of them are distributed in the low humid and hot zone, and the curative effect is magical and remarkable. The most famous is the legend of Zhang and the soaring eating by mistake. Mr. Lu Xun's "From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Three-Pond Moon" says that eating a root that looks like a human figure can make you immortal, which is of course superstition.

morphological character

Herbs perennial, glabrous. The root is slender, with enlarged oval at the top, fleshy tuberous root and black or deep purple epidermis. Stems twining, 3-4 meters long, hollow, multi-branched, woody at the base. The leaf blade is ovoid, 5-7 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, with a tapering tip, a heart-shaped base and no hair on both sides; Stipules sheath short tubular. Inflorescence conical, about 10 cm long, large and spreading; Bracts ovate-lanceolate; Flowers are small, white, perianth 5-parted, lobes of different sizes, swollen at the time of fruiting, with 3 outside hypertrophy and wings on the back; Stamens 8, shorter than perianth; Style 3-lobed. Achenes are oval, 3-sided, black and smooth. The flowering period is August -65438+ 10, and the fruiting period is10+10.

Main producing areas and distribution

Wild Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Location: Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Sichuan. Modern artificial planting technology has been widely used in Guizhou Province and Jiangsu Province.

strange hobby

It is sunny, semi-tolerant to shade, wet and afraid of waterlogging, and requires well-drained soil. Very tenacious. The root is slender, the end expands into a fleshy root, the stem is 3 ~ 4 meters long, hollow, multi-branched, and the base is lignified. Leaves alternate, ovate, membranous. Inflorescence paniculate, large and spreading, terminal or axillary. Flowers are small and white; Perianth 5-parted. The flowering period is 8 feet to September. Propagation by sowing or cutting. 165438+ 10, sowing in March of the following spring and emergence in about 20 days. Cutting will be carried out in July and August. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. There are many branches and flowers. Adapt to climbing and greening. You can plant it by the wall and pile it next to the stone.

Pharmacological application

1. Pharmacological effects related to efficacy and indications

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing essence and blood, blackening beard and strengthening bones and muscles. Indications: deficiency of essence and blood, dizziness, premature graying of hair, soreness of waist and weakness of feet, nocturnal emission, metrorrhagia and leakage. Compendium of Materia Medica records: "Tonifying liver and kidney, astringing essence and qi, nourishing blood and expelling wind are tonic drugs." "Kaibao Materia Medica" said: "Yiqi blood, black mustache and temples, pleasant color, long bones and muscles, good essence and longevity." It is said that Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can blacken hair. What effect will it have if it is used for white people with yellow hair? Will their hair turn black, too It can be seen that some contents of traditional Chinese medicine are based on false information without scientific experiments. With the development of science, we should not stick to ancient medical books. Many of them are wrong, but no one dares to challenge them. The content of western medicine is constantly updated, and Chinese medicine should also give up the wrong view that the older the medical books, the more effective they are.

(1) promotes hematopoietic function.

The yield of granulocyte progenitor cells was significantly higher than that of normal saline control group by subcutaneous injection of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb solution twice a day for 3 days 0.2g After intraperitoneal injection of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. After 50mg/kg of extract for 3 days in a row, the number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow increased significantly, and the generation rate of granulocyte-monocytic progenitor cells in mice also increased significantly, and the number of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow increased significantly.

(2) enhancing immune function

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has obvious antagonistic effect on the inhibitory changes of spleen and thymus induced by prednisolone and cyclophosphamide in aged mice, and the phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index of spleen macrophages are obviously improved. Feeding ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can obviously improve the DNA damage repair ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes in aged rats. Oral administration of 6g/kg Polygonum multiflorum Thunb for 7 days can obviously improve the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages, and has obvious antagonistic effect on the decrease of phagocytic index caused by prednisolone. The ethanol extract of Polygonum Multiflori Radix decoction can enhance the immune function of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in mice, and the former is more significant. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The extract 25- 100mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for 3 days, which could significantly improve the proliferation of T lymphocytes in thymus and spleen of normal mice induced by ConA. Subcutaneous injection of 5- 100g/kg for 3 days can obviously increase the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of normal mice, especially in the 50g/kg group.

(3) Reducing blood lipid and preventing atherosclerosis

Oral administration of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can significantly reduce the contents of serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride in hyperlipidemia rats. /kloc-4g/kg per day for 0/0 days. For quails with hyperlipidemia, continuous gavage of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb for 4 weeks can obviously reduce the serum TC content and increase the HDL/TC ratio. Another experiment proved that Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can not only reduce TC content, but also reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis model rabbits. Water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Feeding mice with 32g/kg for 65438 0 months can obviously improve HDL- C level. After 90 days, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. When it was mixed with feed to feed rats, HDL-C also increased significantly, but TG and TC did not change significantly, and β lipoprotein had obvious inhibitory effect. The ratio of plasma HDL-C/ total cholesterol increased significantly after 6 weeks of gavage of Polygonum Multiflori Radix ethanol extract to quail with rapid atherosclerosis, especially in high dose group. All groups have the effect of delaying atherosclerosis. Effective components of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. In reducing blood lipid and cholesterol, anthraquinone, biphenyl compounds and lecithin are included.

(4) Protect the liver

Biphenyl compounds contained in Polygonum Multiflori Radix have obvious antagonistic effects on fatty liver and liver function damage, liver lipid peroxide increase, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increase in rats caused by corn oil peroxide, and reduce the contents of serum free fatty acids and liver lipid peroxide. It can inhibit lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes induced by ADP and NADPH in vitro. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb also has the function of increasing liver glycogen. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Use black bean juice and steamed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The decoction has antagonistic effect on the accumulation of liver fat caused by prednisone acetate, which can alleviate the hepatomegaly caused by carbon tetrachloride and reduce the weight coefficient of liver.

(5) delay aging, and modern investigations have vitamin E to prevent wrinkles from regenerating.

Feeding Polygonum multiflorum powder 190 days to 404-day-old people can obviously prolong the death time of old quail by half. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can prolong the growth cycle of diploid cells of Drosophila melanogaster, make the cells grow vigorously and prolong the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. The alcohol-soluble and water-soluble parts of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can promote cell division and proliferation, and prolong the passage of rat skin diploid fibroblasts. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb decoction. It can reduce the activity of monoamine oxidase B in brain and increase the contents of 5- hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine and dopamine in brain tissue. The mixed preparation of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on MAO-B activity in isolated brain of rats and mice. Taking Polygonum multiflorum Thunb for 2 months in aged rats can improve the function of dopaminergic nervous system in striatum of aged rats.

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb decoction. Feeding aged mice or young mice can obviously increase the content of protein in brain and liver, and improve the DNA repair ability of the aged body. The ethanol extract and water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can increase the content of cytoplasmic protein and nucleic acid in thymus of aged rats to varying degrees.

The anti-aging effect of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is related to its antioxidant effect. Oral administration of Polygonum Multiflori Radix decoction concentrated solution to aged mice can obviously improve the activity of SOD in blood. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It has a certain antioxidant effect. Both the new processed products and the old processed products can obviously improve the SOD activity in the whole blood and brain tissue of mice, and reduce the LPO content in the heart, liver, brain tissue and blood of mice. Raw products have no obvious effect on SOD and LPO. The alcohol extract or water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can increase the SOD content in heart, liver and brain of aged rats and decrease the LPO content.

(6) Effects on endocrine.

Long-term intragastric administration of Polygonum Multiflori Radix decoction concentrate can significantly increase the weight of adrenal gland in mice. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb also has the function similar to adrenal cortex, which can obviously improve the stress ability of bilateral adrenalectomy mice and reduce the mortality rate of mice caused by freezing. Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata can promote the accumulation of hepatic glycogen in mice starved by norepinephrine, and make the hepatic glycogen increase obviously. The effect of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb on blood sugar has a certain time-effect relationship. After oral administration of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. decoction in rabbits, the blood sugar rose to the peak within 30 and 60 minutes, then gradually decreased, and the blood sugar was lower than normal after 6 hours. There are two kinds of insulin receptors in rat liver: high affinity, low volume and low affinity, high volume. The binding ability of aged mice is obviously reduced, but the affinity remains unchanged. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has no obvious effect on the two parameters of capacity and affinity.

(7) Runchang laxative

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It is eaten raw and has a strong laxative effect. Its effective component chrysophanol can promote the intestinal movement of animals. Some patients with hyperlipidemia have increased stool frequency and diarrhea after taking it.

2. Other pharmacological effects

It is reported that all kinds of processed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , steamed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Steam Polygonum multiflorum with wine. Use black bean juice and steamed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. ) has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhi 90 1, Bacillus diphtheriae paratyphi and Streptococcus hemolyticus B to varying degrees, among which Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The decoction is anti-Staphylococcus aureus. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has certain inhibitory effect on influenza virus. In addition, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has the effects of slowing heart rate, dilating coronary artery and resisting myocardial ischemia.

To sum up, the pharmacological action is related to the action of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing essence and blood, blackening hair and strengthening tendons can promote hematopoietic function, improve immune function, reduce blood fat, resist atherosclerosis, protect liver, delay aging, affect endocrine function, moisten intestines and relax bowels, etc. The material basis of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb's efficacy is mainly phospholipids, anthraquinones, glycosides and other components.

As for tonifying kidney, it is fabricated by pure merchants in order to expand the therapeutic effect of drugs. The purpose is to let everyone buy Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Don't be credulous.

Traditional Chinese medicine characteristics

English name Polygonum multiflorum Thunb

Alias Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , Tieweiguang, Hongneixiao, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

source

This product is the dried tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The stem of Polygonaceae is called "Polygonum multiflorum Thunb". When the leaves wither in autumn and winter, dig, cut off both ends, wash and cut into large pieces to dry.

Method: remove impurities, wash, micro-bubble, fully wet, cut into thick pieces or blocks, and dry.

Character; Role; letter

This product is in block or irregular spindle shape, with a length of 6 ~ 15 cm and a diameter of 4 ~ 12 cm. The surface is reddish brown or reddish brown, with uneven shrinkage, shallow ditch, horizontal lenticels and fine root marks. Heavy, solid, not easy to break, light yellow or reddish brown, powdery, with 4 ~ 1 1 round vascular bundles in the skin, forming brocade, large wood in the center and some wood cores. Slight gas, slightly bitter and slightly sweet taste.

function

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb contains anthraquinone emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, emodin methyl ether, chrysophanol anthrone, starch, crude fat, lecithin and other components. According to Chinese medicine theory, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It tastes bitter, sweet, astringent and slightly warm, and has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing blood and expelling wind. It is suitable for yin deficiency of liver and kidney, premature gray hair, dizziness due to blood deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, soreness of bones and muscles, nocturnal emission, chronic dysentery, carbuncle and scrofula. Modern medicine has proved that anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb have the functions of lowering cholesterol, lowering blood sugar, resisting virus, strengthening heart, promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and promoting fibrinolytic activity, and have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lecithin contained in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is a component of cell membranes such as brain tissues and blood cells. If you eat Polygonum multiflorum Thunb regularly, you can treat neurasthenia, gray hair, alopecia, anemia and other diseases. So it can delay aging, strengthen the body and protect the heart. Animal experiments have proved that Polygonum multiflorum Thunb also has anti-tumor effect. At the same time, modern pharmacological studies have found that Polygonum multiflorum contains lecithin, anthraquinone derivatives, chrysophanol and other substances, which can inhibit the rise of cholesterol, reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, prevent cholesterol from depositing in tissues, and thus alleviate the formation of atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have confirmed that the total effective rate of lowering cholesterol and triglyceride is over 80%. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb also has the functions of strengthening nerves, strengthening brain and improving intelligence, promoting the growth and development of blood cells, and has obvious anti-aging effect. Middle-aged people often eat Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, which can prevent the occurrence and development of premature aging.

distinguish

(1) Cross section of this product: the cork layer is a series of cells, full of brown substances. The phloem is wide, with scattered 4 ~ 1 1 irregular vascular bundles, tough outside and few vessels. The central cambium of the root forms a ring; There are few vessels in xylem, which are surrounded by tracheids and a small amount of wood fibers. The parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate clusters and starch granules. The powder is yellow and brown. Starch granules are single round, with a diameter of 4 ~ 50 microns. The umbilical point is herringbone, star-shaped or trigeminal, and the large granules are faintly visible. Composite particles are composed of 2 ~ 9 parts. The diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 10 ~ 80 (160) microns, and occasionally clusters are combined with larger square crystals. Brown cells are round or oval, with slightly thick walls, and their cavities are filled with yellowish brown, brown or reddish brown substances and contain starch granules; The diameter of the catheter with edge holes is17 ~178 μ m+0.78 μ m, which is brown and scattered in blocks with different shapes, sizes and colors.

(2) Take 0.25g of this product powder, add 50ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 65438 0 hours, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 3ml as the test solution. 0.25g of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. A control solution was prepared by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 2μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel H thin-layer plate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as adhesive, spread it to about 3.5cm with benzene-ethanol (2: 1) as developing agent, take it out, air dry it, and then use benzene-ethanol (4: 1) as solvent. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent stripes with the same color are displayed at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials; Spray phosphomolybdic acid sulfuric acid solution (take 2g phosphomolybdic acid, add 20ml of water to dissolve it, then slowly add 30ml of sulfuric acid and shake it evenly), heat it slightly, and immediately put it under an ultraviolet lamp (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.

Content determination

Avoid light operation. According to high performance liquid chromatography.

Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as a filler for chromatographic conditions and system suitability test. Acetonitrile-water (25: 75) as mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 320 nm. According to the peak of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-β-D- glucoside, the theoretical number of plates should be no less than 2000.

Preparation of reference solution Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-β-D- glucoside reference substance, and add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.

Preparation of test solution Take 0.2g of this product powder (pass through No.4 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical flask, add 25ml of dilute ethanol accurately, weigh it, heat and reflux for 30min, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the weight loss with dilute ethanol, shake it evenly, and filter the supernatant with a microporous membrane (0.45μm).

The determination method accurately absorbs 65438 00μ l control solution and test solution respectively, and injects them into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

The content of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-β-D- glucoside (C20H22O9) in this product shall not be less than 65438 0.0%.

The taste is bitter, sweet, astringent and warm. Liver, heart and kidney meridians entered.

Function: detoxify and eliminate carbuncle, moisten intestines and relax bowels. Can be used for treating carbuncle, furuncle, sore, rubella, pruritus, intestinal dryness and constipation; Hyperlipidemia.

Usage and dosage: 6 ~ 12g. Tonifying essence and blood should be reserved. Detoxification, malaria control and intestine moistening are applicable; Fresh Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has better intestine moistening effect than raw Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Store in a dry place to prevent moths.

Cultivation and planting

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , also known as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , a commonly used bulk Chinese herbal medicine, has high economic value. With the increase of annual excavation, wild resources decrease and gradually become a hot commodity in the market, and the prospect of developing artificial cultivation is promising.

First, growing habits

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Strong adaptability, wild in bushes, hills, slopes, forest edges or roadside ridges. I like warm climate and humid environmental conditions. Resistant to shade and drought, it grows well in sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, rich humus and sufficient water.

Second, the cultivation techniques

(1) land selection and preparation

1. Sandy loam with gentle hills, convenient irrigation and loose and fertile soil layer is selected for the nursery. In winter, it is 30 cm deep. After weathering in one winter, ploughing was carried out many times in the following spring to remove grass roots, branches and stones. The rake is thin and flat, with a width of 100cm and a height of 10 ~ 20 cm. Apply 2,000 kilograms of decomposed manure, plant ash and other mixed fertilizers per mu, spread them evenly on the border, and then turn them into the soil.

2. Choose the land at the edge of the hillside forest or behind the house. The soil layer is deep, fertile and loose, and the drainage is good. Turn over more than 30cm in winter and pick out grass roots and stones. Ploughing 1-2 times in the following spring made the soil layer loose. 3000 kg manure and plant ash mixed fertilizer were applied as base fertilizer per mu. After fertilization, rake the ground 1 time, and after the fertilizer and topsoil are mixed evenly, take up the border for planting, with a width of 50cm and a height of 25cm. You can also dig a hole in front of the house and plant it behind it.

(2) Seedling breeding

1. Seeding and seedling raising Every year, when the seeds of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.10 ~1mature, the whole ear is gently cut and dried, the seeds are rubbed off, the impurities are removed, and the seeds are put into cloth bags or cartons and stored in a cool and dry place. In March of the following year, sow when the temperature rises above 20℃. On the whole seedbed, shallow furrows are opened according to the row spacing of 10- 15 cm, seeds are evenly spread into the furrows, and the soil thickness is about1.5cm.. Generally, the amount of seeds used per mu is 1.5-2 kg. After sowing, seedlings can emerge in about 10 days. At this time, it is necessary to remove the grass cover in time, spray water, keep the border soil moist, and pay attention to pulling out weeds. 10 ~ 20 days after emergence, interplanting and replanting were carried out, and seedlings were fixed according to the spacing of 4 ~ 5 cm. At the beginning of April, 2% urea 1 time was used to promote seedling growth. About 90 days, when the seedlings grow to 30 cm high, they can be moved to the field for planting. The seedlings propagated by this method grow slowly and have a long growth cycle.

2. Cutting seedling every March or June 1 65438+1October, select1year-old robust and mature vines, preferably cut from roots after June 10, and cut into 2-3 sections with a length of about 15cm. For the nursery land with good ditching, horizontal ditching shall be carried out with the row spacing of 15 ~ 18 cm and the ditch depth of 10cm. The cuttings are placed next to the ditch wall, and the spacing between plants is about 1cm. Cover the soil and compact, so that the upper scissors are slightly exposed from the ground, and then cover 1 layer of straw. Be careful not to insert it backwards. After planting, we should always keep the border soil moist and soak it thoroughly in case of drought, so as to facilitate the cuttings to take root and sprout. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent cuttings from rotting due to accumulated water in seedbed. If the weather is warm, new buds will grow in 10 ~ 15 days after transplanting, and new roots will grow in 1 month. After about 100 days of cultivation, the seedlings grew longer than 15cm. After a few roots come down, they can be moved to the ground for planting.

3. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can be planted in spring or sown in summer. Spring seeds take root quickly and have high survival rate, but there are many fibrous roots, low yield and poor quality. Summer sowing period (May-July), with high ground temperature and sufficient sunshine. After planting, the new roots are easy to swell, and the potatoes are produced quickly and the yield is high. When raising seedlings from Miao Di, only about 20cm basal segments are left, the rest are cut off, and adventitious roots and potato pieces are removed together, which is the key to high yield. When planting, first open planting holes in the border according to the row spacing of 20cm*20cm, and plant 1 plant per hole. After planting, cover the soil and compact it, and spray foot water to keep the soil moist. You can dig holes in front of and behind the house and plant 4 seedlings in each hole.

(3) Site management

1. Water and fertilizer management of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb after planting. Water it frequently, every morning and evening 10 days before 1 0. After survival, the seedlings should be properly watered according to the weather conditions, and generally not watered after the seedling height1m. Strengthen field drainage in rainy season.

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is a fertilizer-loving plant, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing for many times. Topdressing adopts the principle of applying organic fertilizer in the early stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the middle stage and no fertilizer in the later stage. When plants survive and grow new roots, apply 1000- 1500 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine per mu. Then, according to the growth of plants, it is generally possible to topdressing twice, and apply 2500kg of animal manure per mu each time. When the seedlings grow above 1m, nitrogen fertilizer is generally not applied. After September, when the root tuber begins to form and grow, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied, and manure, plant ash mixed fertilizer of 3000 kg, calcium superphosphate of 50-60 kg and potassium chloride of 40-50-60 kg are applied. Ditching and applying it on both sides or around plants. Fertilize 1 time in spring and autumn every year, mainly organic fertilizer, with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Each topdressing is combined with intertillage and soil cultivation to remove weeds and prevent soil hardening.

2. When Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. When it is 30cm long, insert bamboo strips or small pieces of wood at the border, cross it into a fence or tripod shape, wind the vines clockwise, and tie the loose parts with ropes. Leave 1 vine per plant, remove the redundant male vines, and keep the ramets until the height is greater than 1m, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission in the lower layer of the plant. If the growth is too lush, it can be properly topped to reduce nutrient consumption, generally pruning 5 ~ 6 times a year and pruning 7 times in high-yield fields.

(4) Pest control

The leaves of leaf spot disease are yellow-brown lesions, and when it is serious, the leaves wither and fall off. It is easy to get sick in the hot and rainy season or in the case of poor ventilation in the field. Spray 1: 1: 200 bordeaux mixture at the initial stage of onset, and spray 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days for 2 ~ 3 times in a row.

Root rot. Caused by bacteria in Fusarium or fungi, the roots of infected plants rot and the stems and vines on the ground wither, which mostly occurs in summer, and the disease is serious when the drainage in the planting area is not smooth. At the early stage of the disease, pulling out the diseased plants and spreading lime powder on the diseased spots to cover the soil and stamp it, can prevent the spread; Irrigation with 50% wettable powder 1000 times diluent can play a protective role.

Scarab, which belongs to Coleoptera Scarabaeidae. Adults are harmful to leaves, and the light ones bite into nicks, and the heavy ones are eaten up. You can spray 90% trichlorfon with 1000 times solution, or use its suspended animation to shake the damaged plants to fall off after nightfall, and then collect and kill them.

Aphid. It belongs to Homoptera Aphidae. Absorbing nutrients from the buds and leaves of plants will make plants grow poorly. It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC1500-2,000 times dilution, and sprayed once every 7- 10 days.

Third, harvesting and processing.

Generally, it can be harvested after planting for 3 years. It is suitable to harvest leaves in autumn and winter or before germination in late spring. First pull out the bracket, cut off the vines, then dig out the roots, wash away the sediment, cut off the tips and wooden parts, and classify them according to the size. Root tubers with a diameter of 15cm or a length of 15cm should be cut into thick slices with a thickness of 3.3cm, a length of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm respectively, and then spread in an oven with a stack thickness of about 15cm at 50℃-55℃ every 7-8 hours. Take it out when it is 70% dry, pile it indoors and moisten it for 24 hours, so that the internal moisture can penetrate outwards, and then put it in the furnace to be completely dry. The yield of dry goods per mu is 400-500 kg, and the high yield can reach 600 kg.

Product specifications and quality: fist-shaped Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: dry foot, original size, strong weight, fist-shaped, reddish-brown skin, no scorching, hollow, no reed head and fibrous roots. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: dry, solid, fleshy, raw or cut, without scorching, hollow, reed head, fibrous root, moth-eaten and moldy. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Block: dry feet, blocks, length, width and thickness more than 3 cm, no burning, no holes, no moths, no mildew.