What is the main content of Zhuge Liang's borrowing arrows?

Learning point

Teaching material analysis:

This passage is rewritten according to the plot of "borrowing an arrow from a straw boat" in China's famous classical historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story of a straw boat borrowing an arrow took place in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan are called Wei, Shu and Wu. At that time, Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan joined forces to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan for help in the war. Zhuge Liang's story of "borrowing an arrow from a boat" happened when Sun and Cao resisted. Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days to frame him. Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu fought wits and used clever tricks to borrow arrows from Cao Cao, which foiled Zhou Yu's plot against him and showed Zhuge Liang's courage and wisdom.

This text is well structured. The story takes "borrowing" as the main line and is told in the order of things. First wrote the reason why the grass boat borrowed the arrow; Then he wrote Zhuge Liang's "Grass Boat Borrows Arrows to Prepare"; Then focus on the process of borrowing arrows from grass boats; Finally, I wrote the result of the incident-Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled and Zhou Yu sighed. The cause, process and result of the story are clearly described. Many contents in the article also echo each other, for example, the ending and the beginning are coordinated. Such a rigorous structure greatly enhances the integrity and rigor of the story.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the full name of which is Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a long historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong in Ming Dynasty. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the pioneering work of China's ancient novels, and it is one of the four classical novels in China, which are equally famous with The Journey to the West's Outlaws of the Marsh and A Dream of Red Mansions.

The author introduces:

Luo Guanzhong (about 1330—— about 1400), a famous calligrapher, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and was a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Luo Guanzhong is the originator of Zhang Hui's novels in China. His main work is Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Other works: Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Historical Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, Biography of Three Demons of Sui Dynasty and Water Margin.

Character introduction in the book:

Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), also known as, was born in (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician and strategist.

Introduction to the work: (click the link below)

Knowledge list and reading test of Romance of the Three Kingdoms!

I will write:

Jealousy: jealousy, jealousy, jealousy, jealousy, jealousy, jealousy, jealousy.

Taboo: jealousy, suspicion, scruples and recklessness.

Cao:, and Cao.

Governor: The governor urges and supervises the war.

Entrust: Entrust, entrust, cleverly compromise and pursue perfection.

Punishment: punishment, severe punishment, punishment, a lesson from the past.

Lu: reckless Qilu cuisine is rude.

Cover up: cover up, cover up, cover up, cover up.

Private: selfish, selfless, clear between public and private.

Village: Water Village and Shanzhai camp.

Beat: drum beat, boast.

That: shout suona, come on.

Transplanting: transplanting, arranging flowers and cutting rows.

Similarities:

Protection Committee (Committee)

Punish (punish) levy (go out) selfishness (selfishness) and (peace)

Zhai (Shuizhai) Competition (Competition) That (Shout) That (Accept)

Polysyllabic words:

Tone: dio tone tone

Beat: bang the drum.

Synonym:

Jealousy-jealousy counseling-counseling

Refuse-refuse to entrust-entrust

Forecast-estimate urgency-urgency

Punishment-punishment order-accusation

Delay-delay doubt-confusion

Antonym:

Refuse-accept punishment-reward

Complete-lack of secrets-openness

Understand words:

Jealousy is holding a grudge against someone who is superior to oneself in talent, fame, status or situation.

Refuse to refuse; Decline.

Entrust applicants, institutions, etc.

Delay; Procrastinate.

Feathers. Feathers.

Doubt, doubt, confusion.

Manage and arrange (work, manpower, vehicles, etc.). ).

Virtual reality generally refers to actual situation or internal situation.

Support and assist with manpower, material resources, financial resources or other practical actions.

A soldier in charge of archery in the ancient army. Crossbow: A bow that uses mechanical force to shoot arrows.

The letter of guarantee written after accepting military orders mentioned in military dramas and old novels indicates that if the task cannot be completed, they are willing to be punished according to military law.

Amazing wit, clever planning, predictive description, good at estimating objective situation and deciding strategy.

Word expansion:

Idioms in Romance of the Three Kingdoms;

The straw boat borrowed an arrow and looked at the thatched cottage with new eyes.

Go to the meeting like a duck to water.

Be as happy as you can, Xia Meng.

improperly belittle oneself

Words in class:

Jealous of the military commission's compliance with the forecast

Emergency punishment, spying, private arrangements

Send a water village to shout a military order

intelligence and wisdom

Sentence parsing:

1, Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang.

The text comes straight to the point and explains the cause of the story. To sum up the fact that Zhuge Liang is quite talented and Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang. "Jealousy" is the cause of the conflict between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, which lays the groundwork for the story.

2. One day, Zhou Yu consulted Zhuge Liang about military affairs and said, "We are going to fight Cao Jun ... What is the best weapon for water fighting?" Zhuge Liang said, "Bows and arrows are the best."

This is a trap set by Zhou Yu. He was open to business and military, and then he set a trap to harm people. He knows perfectly well past ask, and his intention is to harm Zhuge Liang, which shows his sinister intentions. And Zhuge Liang's concise answer shows that he has a plan.

Zhou Yu said, "Yes, sir, I think so, too. At present, the army is short of arrows, and I would like to ask Mr. Wang to be responsible for building 100 thousand. This is official business. I hope Mr. Wang will not transfer it. "

4. On the first day, I didn't see any movement of Zhuge Liang; The next day, Zhuge Liang still did not move; It was not until four o'clock on the third day that Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su aboard.

The sentence pattern of parallelism is used here, which has a strong tone and renders the tension of the story. The situation is so urgent that Zhuge Liang showed extraordinary composure and set off Zhuge Liang's clever calculation and wisdom.

At this time, the sky is foggy, and people on the river can't even see their faces clearly.

This environmental description highlights the fog on the river and its role is to promote the development of the story. Zhuge Liang's choice of such weather shows that he is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and accurate in prediction. Only in this weather, the suspicious Cao Cao can't see the reality clearly, dare not send troops easily, and only let the crossbowman shoot arrows, which is also one of the conditions for the success of borrowing arrows.

At 6.5 o'clock, the ship approached the water town of Cao Jun. Zhuge Liang ordered the bow to face west and the stern to face east, and told the sergeant on board to beat drums and shout.

The word "spread out" not only facilitates the movement, but also leaves no gap, which increases the area of the arrow. The purpose of the sergeant's "beating drums and shouting" is not only to bluff, create the illusion of attack, attract the attention of Cao Cao's army, and draw Cao Jun out to shoot arrows, but also to make Cao Jun clear the goal and direction of archery. All these show Zhuge Liang's careful thinking and ingenious arrangement.

7. Lu Su said in surprise, "What if Cao Bing comes out?" Zhuge Liang smiled and said, "With such a heavy fog, Cao Cao will definitely not send troops. We just drink for fun and go back when the fog clears. "

Language description shows the different characteristics of different characters. Lu Su was surprised and afraid that Cao Jun would attack, but Zhuge Liang was as cool as a cucumber.

Zhuge Liang's laughter and composure are in sharp contrast with Lu Su's surprise. Because he knew all about Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious personality. In the case of "can't see the actual situation clearly", it will not be "easily dispatched". Zhuge liang smiles to say:

Laugh that Cao Cao did not dare to send troops (victory smile), laugh that Zhou Yu overreached himself (victory smile), and laugh that Lu Su was honest and honest (humorous and generous smile). From Zhuge Liang's smile, we can appreciate his calmness, confidence and tolerance. This smile, laugh out his answer, laugh out his strategy, laugh out his ingenuity, laugh out his heroic nature.

8. Zhuge Liang also ordered the boat to be overturned, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. He was still beating drums and shouting, and was shot by an arrow when he reached the water village in Cao Jun.

Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned over, so that both sides were shot by arrows, and also to keep the balance of the hull, so as to facilitate the smooth return after the arrows were full and save the time for turning around. Zhuge Liang's intelligence is fully displayed.

Zhuge Liang dared to approach the water town of Cao Jun, without making a rash move, and went his own way. But because he completely mastered Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious personality, he also used the foggy weather to make Cao Cao afraid to send troops easily. This trip "borrowed an arrow" not because he talked nonsense, but because he was considerate and cleverly arranged, so it was effortless to borrow 100 thousand arrows. This not only shows Zhuge Liang's rich astronomical knowledge, but also shows his superb military wisdom.

Problem induction:

1. What is the real reason why Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to be an arrow?

Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, so he set an arrow trap to harm Zhuge Liang on the grounds of business.

2. Why did Zhuge Liang promise to make an arrow?

Zhuge Liang cares about the overall situation of Wu's resistance to Cao, regardless of personal gains and losses.

3. Zhou Yu heard that Zhuge Liang could make an arrow and make a written pledge in three days. Why was he so happy?

Zhou Yu knew that at that time, 100 thousand arrows could not be made in three days. Now that you have written a written military order, you will be beheaded if you finish it. Zhou Yu thinks his plan will succeed, so he is very happy.

Since Zhou Yu wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, why did he ask Zhuge Liang for advice?

Zhou Yu seems to be asking for Zhuge Liang's advice and showing respect to Zhuge Liang. In fact, his words are full of murder and sinister intentions.

5. What preparations did Zhuge Liang make by borrowing arrows?

Ships and sergeants are the basic conditions for Zhuge Liang to borrow arrows. Putting a blue curtain on the boat and putting straw handles on both sides of the boat to catch arrows are all camouflage. Really thoughtful and ingenious.

6. Lu Su is Zhou Yu's subordinate. Why did Zhuge Liang dare to ask him for help?

Zhuge Liang knew that Lu Su was loyal and considerate.

7. In the process of borrowing arrows, what places reflect Zhuge Liang's "clever calculation"?

① Good weather: There was heavy fog on the third day.

(2) How to calculate the arrow: put the boat out in one word and get an arrow on each side (knowing geography).

3 Count Lu Su: Faithful and trustworthy. (Understand people's hearts)

4 calculate Zhou Yu: jealous of talent, sinister and cunning.

⑤ Calculate Cao Cao: Be cautious and suspicious.

⑥ Carefully arranged and accurate.

The general idea of this paragraph is:

The first part (1~2): Cause: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and embarrassed him with the task of building 100,000 arrows in a short time. Zhuge Liang made a written statement and made 100,000 arrows in three days.

Part II (3~ 9): What happened: Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao with a straw boat.

Part III (10): Results: Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu was not as good as himself.

Summarize the personality characteristics of the characters in the story

Zhou Yu: Narrow-minded, insidious and cunning, jealous of talents, regardless of the overall situation.

Zhuge Liang: resourceful, considerate, open-minded, resourceful, smart, brave, knowledgeable, knowing people and making good use of them.

Lu Su: Honest and trustworthy, taking care of the overall situation.

Cao Cao: Suspicious and cautious by nature.

Text subject:

This article tells that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days in an attempt to frame him. Zhuge Liang skillfully used his clever trick to "borrow" an arrow from Cao Cao, which foiled Zhou Yu's plot and showed Zhuge Liang's courage, knowledge, ingenuity and resourcefulness.

Practice answers after class:

1, read the text silently. Tell the main content of the story in the order of cause, process and result.

A: Cause: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and embarrassed Zhuge Liang with the task of making 100,000 arrows in ten days.

What happened: Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao with a straw boat.

Results: Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu had to admire Zhuge Liang's clever calculation.

Main content: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days on the grounds of official business, with the intention of harming him. Zhuge Liang fought against Zhou Yu, made a written pledge to fulfill a military order and made preparations. He successfully "borrowed" more than 100,000 arrows from Cao Cao with a straw boat, and the arrows were delivered to Zhou Yu as scheduled, thus defeating Zhou Yu's plot. After Zhou Yu learned what had happened, he could not sigh.

2. Read the following sentences and answer the questions in brackets. There are also some sentences that reflect the characteristics of the characters, which are drawn to communicate with classmates.

Zhuge Liang said, "How dare you joke with the viceroy? I am willing to make a written military order. If I can't do it within three days, I will be severely punished. " Zhou Yu was so happy that he asked Zhuge Liang to make a written pledge to fulfill a military order himself and hosted a banquet in his honor.

It's too difficult to make 100 thousand arrows in three days. Why did Zhuge Liang take the initiative to set down written evidence? Why was Zhou Yu happy after he made a military order? )

Zhuge Liang promised to build 100,000 arrows in three days, and took the initiative to make a written pledge to fulfill a military order, because he saw through Zhou Yu's trickery and had a mature idea on how to get 100,000 arrows, so he had a well-thought-out plan. By doing so, Zhuge Liang can defeat Zhou Yu's spirit and convince him. From the above reading, we can know that Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang, so he carefully planned and arranged this conversation, and tried to push Zhuge Liang to a position of "no retreat" under the guise of business. This "happiness" is Zhou Yu's self-righteous and complacent state. He was glad that Zhuge Liang didn't see through his plot and succeeded.

3. What do you know about the characters in the text before reading? Who do you know better after reading the text? What other stories do you want to know about them?

Before reading the text, I learned about the characters in the text through TV dramas and stories about the Three Kingdoms told by my grandfather. I know Zhuge Liang is resourceful and eloquent, and Zhang Fei is brave and rude. After learning the text, I have a better understanding of Zhuge Liang. In the face of Zhou Yu's frame-up, he didn't haggle over every ounce, but took care of the overall situation and "borrowed" 100 thousand arrows with his wisdom.

I also want to know Zhuge Liang's stories, such as "Empty City Plan", "Seven Capture Meng Huo", "Three in" and "Burning Red Cliff".

4. Read the "Reading Links" section after class, find out the corresponding paragraphs of the text, and talk about the characteristics of the language relative to the original text.

A: The "reading link" corresponds to paragraphs 8 and 9 of the article.

I found that the language characteristics of classical Chinese are concise, mostly written; Modern writing is simple, popular and expressive.

Extracurricular development:

Ancient poems related to Zhuge Liang:

feel

I have been worried about my life. I have been in prison for many years.

Wan Li's old lovesickness is empty, and Sanqiu's wife and children are not full.

I have no pity for Zhuge Long's love. I won my son's long life and downstream.

When Jiao Ran dies, there is no injustice or enmity. How many dark hills are dedicated to the soul?

Related allegorical sayings:

Cao Cao went down to the south of the Yangtze River-he came fiercely and lost miserably.

Cao Cao eats chicken ribs-it's tasteless to eat, but it's a pity to discard them.

ZhuGeLiang Meng Huo-put it away.

Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow-if he borrowed it, he couldn't pay it back.

Zhuge Liang used his troops-he was elusive.

Zhuge Liang's long-term success strategy-foresight

Zhuge Liang mourns his filial piety-pretending

Liu Bei's national cry (metaphor is hard-won)

Guan Yunchang plays chess by scraping bones-as if nothing had happened.

Guan Yunchang to Maicheng-Disaster is coming.

Guan Gong entered Cao Cao's camp-cut to the chase.

Zhang Fei's strategy-crude and refined

Zhang Fei eats bean sprouts-a plate of Loi Siu.

Zhang Fei wears a needle-thick and fine.

Zhang Fei wears the eye of a needle, and his eyes are small.

Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai-two wishes.

Zhou Yu hit Huang Gai-one is willing to fight and the other is willing to get it.

Zhuge Liang's Spirit and Zhou Yu —— A little skill

Zhuge Liang cried and beheaded Ma Su-the tail from wagging the dog.

Borrow an arrow from a straw boat-the more the better.

Grass boat borrows arrows-sit back and enjoy the success

A straw boat borrowed an arrow and came back with a full load.

graphical method

Synchronization exercise 1

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

The text is written in the order of things, starting with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. Which of the following options can be regarded as Zhuge Liang's "clever calculation"? ( )

A.there must be heavy fog at four o'clock in three days.

B.he knows how to get an arrow. Twenty ships can be connected by ropes and arranged in a row with arrows on both sides.

C. He figured it out, and it's no problem for Lu Su to borrow the boat from him sincerely. Zhou Yu is clever, but Cao Cao is suspicious.

D. Zhuge Liang can calculate because he is a fairy.

Third, explore the taste and choose the correct answer.

1. "When Lu Su came back to report to Zhou Yu, he didn't mention borrowing an arrow, only said ..."

From this sentence, I felt Lu Su's _ _ _ _ _

(1) Honest and trustworthy; (2) Deceiving Zhou Yu; (3) dishonesty

2. I feel Zhuge Liang's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from "Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to turn over again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west, and the drums were still beating and shouting".

(1) bold; (2) careful planning and ingenious arrangement; (3) No sacrifice

3. "It's too foggy for Cao to send troops out. We just drink for fun and go back when the fog clears. "

This passage is addressed to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(1) Lu Su Zhuge Liang is greedy for wine; (2) Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu are brave; (3) Zhuge Liang and Lu Su are confident.

After moving on the river, Cao Cao ordered:' There is fog on the river ... Don't go out easily. Just dial the water army crossbowman to shoot arrows at them. ""From this sentence, I feel that Zhuge Liang _ _ _ _ _ and Cao Cao _ _ _ _ _.

(1) resourceful, cautious and suspicious; (2) Brave, witty and cautious; (3) Love soldiers with wisdom.

answer

First of all, this article is written in the order of events. First, I wrote that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang, so that Zhuge Liang could complete the task of making 100,000 arrows in a short time and embarrass Zhuge Liang. Then write that Zhou Yu sent Lu Su to inquire about how Zhuge Liang made arrows, and Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to help him prepare for borrowing arrows. The story tells that Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from Cao Jun with a straw boat. Finally, I wrote that Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu had to gasp in admiration that Zhuge Liang's talent was better than himself.

Second, ABC

Third, 1. (1) Honest and trustworthy.

2.(2) Careful planning and ingenious arrangement.

3.(3) Zhuge Liang and Lu Su are confident

4.( 1) resourceful, cautious and suspicious

Synchronization exercise 2

1. From which angle does the following sentence reflect Zhuge Liang's ingenuity?

A. Know the heart B. Know the sky C. Know the geography

(1) Tomorrow to the third day, please send 500 soldiers to the river to move arrows. ( )

(2) But you can't let the Governor know. If he knows, my plan will be over. ( )

(3) Lu Su promised to come back and report to Zhou Yu, so he didn't mention borrowing the boat ... ()

(4) ..... It was not until the fourth watch on the third day that Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su aboard. ( )

(5) In such a big fog, Cao Cao certainly wouldn't dare to send troops. ( )

(6) The boat on Zhuge Liang's side was light and urgent, flying more than twenty miles, and it was too late to catch up. ( )

Second, read the selected paragraphs of the text and complete the exercise.

Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang.

One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to discuss the military situation and said, "We are going to fight Cao Jun ... What is the best weapon for water fighting?" Zhuge Liang said, "Bows and arrows are the best." Zhou Yu said, "Yes, sir, I think so, too. At present, the army is short of arrows, and I would like to ask Mr. Wang to be responsible for building 100 thousand. This is official business. I hope Mr. Wang will not transfer it. " Zhuge Liang said, "Of course, if the governor entrusts him, he will do it. I wonder when these 100 thousand arrows will come in handy? " Zhou Yu asked, "Will it be completed in ten days?" Zhuge Liang said: "Since we are going to fight, if we can build it in ten days, we will definitely miss the big event." Zhou Yu asked, "How many days does Mr. Wang expect to be ready?" Zhuge Liang said, "Just three days." Zhou Yu said: "The military situation is urgent and you can't joke." Zhuge Liang said, "How dare you joke with the viceroy? I am willing to make a military order, and I will be punished if I can't do it within three days. " Zhou Yu was so happy that he asked Zhuge Liang to make a written pledge to fulfill a military order himself and hosted a banquet in his honor. Zhuge Liang said, "It's too late today. From tomorrow to the third day, please send 500 soldiers to the river to move arrows. " Zhuge Liang had a few drinks and left.

1. Use "√" to choose the correct pronunciation of underlined words.

Self-punishment (jí jì) (chéng chéng)

2. Find the synonyms of the following words in the paragraph.

Punish () discuss () greet () be jealous ()

3. Turn underlined sentences in paragraphs into declarative sentences.

4. Answer the questions according to the paragraph.

(1) "What is the best weapon for water combat?" This sentence was written by Zhou Yu in _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) "Now the army is short of arrows, and I want to ask Mr. Wang to be responsible for the construction of 100,000. This is official business. I hope Mr. Wang will not transfer it. " The purpose of Zhou Yu's saying this is:

(3) Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make a written pledge to fulfill a military order and give a banquet. What does this mean?

Third, connect the words on both sides to form a two-part allegorical saying.

Cao Cao's south is full of tricks.

Zhuge Liang issued a military order.

Lu Su got on Kong Ming's boat and came home defeated.

Zhuge Liang's face doesn't change color and his heart doesn't jump

Grass boats borrow arrows indiscriminately.

Reference answer:

I .( 1)C(2)A(3)A(4)B(5)A(6)C。

Second, 1. Jiejie

2. Punishment, negotiation, entertainment, jealousy

3. Dare not joke with the Governor.

4.( 1) Asking while knowing perfectly well is intended to test.

(2) Set traps

(3) Zhou Yu is insidious and hypocritical, trying to kill Zhuge Liang. (That's right)

Third, Cao Cao went south-a fiasco.

Zhuge Liang made a written pledge to fulfill a military order-his face does not change color, but his heart does not jump.

Lu Su got on Kong Ming's boat-in a daze.

Zhuge Liang opened his mouth-full of tricks.

A straw boat borrows an arrow-what it borrows is not returned.

Synchronization exercise 3

Graphic and audio data come from the network. This official WeChat account is only for public welfare sharing, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.