What is the climate of the most representative cities in Asia? (and talk about their climate characteristics)

1, Jakarta belongs to the equatorial rainy climate, also known as the tropical rain forest climate, which is mainly distributed in the range of 5- 10 north latitude on both sides of the equator, including the Amazon Plain in South America, the Congo Basin in Africa, the Gulf of Guinea and most parts of the Malay Archipelago in Asia. Located in the low latitude, the source of equatorial air mass, and at the same time in the equatorial low pressure area, the trade winds in the northern and southern hemispheres meet and rise here, and there is more convective rainfall. In summer, the average temperature of each month is 25-28℃, and the daily range is slightly larger than that of annual range. The average annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm, and the minimum monthly precipitation is more than 60 mm. The zonal soil is tropical rain forest latosol.

Beijing has a temperate monsoon climate, which is mainly distributed in East Asia around 35-55 N, including the area north of Qinling-Huaihe Line in eastern China, Korean Peninsula, northern Japan and southern Russian Far East. The climate is similar to the subtropical monsoon climate. Winter is controlled by temperate continental air mass, which is cold and dry with large temperature difference between north and south; In summer, it is warm, hot and rainy, and the temperature difference between north and south is small due to the influence of temperate marine air mass or denatured tropical marine air mass. In addition, the four distinct seasons and significant weather non-periodic changes are also the main characteristics of temperate monsoon climate. Because the climate characteristics of the above temperate climate types are mainly humid (semi-humid in North China Plain and Northeast China Plain), temperate broad-leaved forest landscape (forest and grassland landscape in North China Plain and Northeast China Plain) is generally developed, but there are some differences. There are more kinds of broad-leaved trees in East Asia than in Europe, including Quercus mongolica, Quercus liaotungensis, Acer, Tilia lindleyana, Birch and other miscellaneous trees. In western Europe, pure forests composed of single tree species are often formed, such as beech forests and oak forests. The broad-leaved forest landscape in North America (including the southern Great Lakes, Appalachian Mountains, Mississippi River Basin and Atlantic coastal lowlands) is dominated by American beech and sugar maple. Colored brown soil and gray brown soil are mainly developed in the whole temperate moist broad-leaved forest belt, while cinnamon soil and black soil are mainly developed in semi-humid forest grassland belt.

Tehran has a subtropical continental arid and semi-arid climate, which is mainly distributed within the subtropical continent, including the Iranian Plateau and Anatolia Plateau in West Asia, the inland plateau in the western United States and Granchako in South America. The arid climate is formed because the inland is far away from the sea or blocked by mountains, and the humid ocean airflow is difficult to reach, and it is located in the subtropical zone, so it is hot in summer and mild in winter. Semi-arid climate belongs to the type of transition from arid climate to other climate. The vegetation here belongs to desert grassland, usually xerophytes and gramineous plants, and the soil belongs to semi-desert light brown soil.

Istanbul belongs to subtropical dry summer climate, also known as Mediterranean climate, which is mainly distributed on the west coast of the mainland at 30-40 north latitude. Except the Pacific coast in the southwestern United States, central Chile, the southern tip of Africa and the southern tip of Australia, the Mediterranean region has the largest range of dry summer climate and the most obvious characteristics. The planetary wind system on the west coast of subtropical continent is normally distributed, and the climate here is controlled by the seasonal alternation of subtropical high and westerly winds. In summer, this area is controlled by subtropical high pressure zone, dominated by downdraft, and the climate is dry and hot; Winter is controlled by westerlies, where temperate ocean air masses prevail, cyclones are active and precipitation is high. Therefore, hot and dry summer and mild and rainy winter are the main features of the Mediterranean climate. This type of climate zone mainly forms evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mainly evergreen shrub forest and brown soil.