Causes of geographical thunderstorm formation

Question 1: How do thunderstorms form? People usually refer to the clouds where lightning occurs as thunderstorm clouds. In fact, there are several kinds of clouds related to lightning, such as stratocumulus, nimbostratus, cumulus, cumulonimbus, and the most important one is cumulonimbus. Lei Yun mentioned in general professional books refers to cumulonimbus clouds.

The process of cloud formation is a process in which water vapor in the air reaches saturation or supersaturation through various reasons and condenses. Water vapor saturation in the air is a necessary condition for cloud formation. The main ways are as follows:

(1) The water vapor content is unchanged, and the air is cooled;

(2) keeping the temperature constant and increasing the water vapor content;

(3) Not only the water vapor content is increased, but also the temperature is reduced.

But for the formation of clouds, the cooling process is the most important process. In the process of cooling, the cooling effect brought by ascending movement is the most common.

Cumulonimbus cloud is a kind of cloud formed in the process of strong vertical convection. Because the ground absorbs much more solar radiation heat than the air layer, the ground temperature rises more during the day, especially in summer. Therefore, due to heat conduction and heat radiation, the atmospheric temperature near the ground rises, the gas temperature inevitably expands, the density decreases, and the pressure also decreases. According to the principle of mechanics, it will rise, and the density of the air layer above it is relatively high, and it will sink. In the rising process, the hot airflow expands and depressurizes, and at the same time, it exchanges heat with the high-altitude low-temperature air, so the water vapor in the rising air mass condenses, and water droplets appear, forming clouds. In the process of strong convection, the fog droplets in the cloud further cool down and become supercooled water droplets, ice crystals or snowflakes, and gradually increase with the height. At the freezing height (-10℃), due to the latent heat released by the freezing of supercooled water, the cloud top suddenly develops upward and spreads horizontally near the tropopause, forming a cloud anvil, which is a remarkable feature of cumulonimbus clouds.

In the process of cumulonimbus cloud formation, positive and negative charges are accumulated in different parts of the cloud under the simultaneous action of atmospheric electric field, temperature difference electrification effect and debris electrification effect. When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground, which is what people usually call lightning.

Lightning has brought great disasters to human society with its great destructive power, especially in recent years, lightning disasters have occurred frequently, and the harm to the national economy has become increasingly serious. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of lightning protection, actively cooperate with meteorological departments, do a good job of prevention, and minimize the losses caused by lightning.

Question 2: There are many thunderstorms in one place. High school geography 1 is located on the windward slope of the mountain.

There is a lot of convective rain in the equatorial region at low latitudes.

3 located in low-lying areas such as river valleys.

4 located in the monsoon region (summer monsoon)

Question 3: How are thunderstorms formed? It is a geographical thunderstorm under the condition of strong convective movement of wet air, and its occurrence is closely related to the stability of the atmosphere. In summer, on sunny and windy days, the ground is exposed to strong sunlight, and the air close to the ground is heated. The closer to the ground, the higher the temperature rises. Afternoon is the time when the ground temperature rises the highest, and it is also the most unstable period of the day, so the strong convection movement develops the fastest at this time. If the air is very humid and rich in water vapor at this time, there will be thunderstorms in the afternoon and evening. This kind of thunderstorm formed by intense ground heating is called thermal thunderstorm. From midnight to morning, the ground temperature drops to a minimum, the atmosphere tends to be stable, and it is not easy to form thermal thunderstorms. The occurrence of thunderstorms in spring is different from that in summer. Hot thunderstorms in summer mostly occur under the same heating air mass, and the weather is sunny the day before the thunderstorm, while thunderstorms in spring mostly occur in the area where cold and warm air masses meet. When two cold and warm air masses meet, warm and humid air climbs on the back of cold air, and a large amount of water vapor condenses out, which makes the sky gloomy. It has rained for several days, and there is no sunshine on the ground all day. It is impossible for the temperature to rise very high during the day and fall very low at night, and the daily change of the temperature is very small. But at the top of the high-altitude clouds, the sun is still shining during the day, and the temperature there changes greatly every day. During the day, the clouds are very hot by the sun, the temperature is easy to rise, the atmospheric head becomes lighter, the stability increases, and the possibility of thunderstorm formation decreases; At night, the cloud top radiates heat into space, and the temperature in the upper part of the cloud drops, especially from midnight to morning, the temperature drops to the lowest value of the day, and the atmospheric head becomes heavier and tends to be unstable. Convective movement develops in this cloud, forming a Lei Yun with thunder and lightning and torrential rain. This is why spring thunder appears from midnight to morning.

Question 4: Geography: Why are there many thunderstorms in Java? Solve it! ② The surrounding waters are vast; There is too much steam.

③ The terrain is complex; -do topographic precipitation.

Question 5: How can we get rid of it? 1 The premise of solving the problem is that people's attention is limited, so if you want to get rid of the pain, you must divert your attention, such as studying hard, so that you can divert the feeling of pain, get rid of it after a long time, and time can solve the problem. Of course, this is another prerequisite to solve the problem!

As a social movement, people's desires and feelings need to be vented and distributed in order to achieve a balance between energy input and output, so a good way to get rid of troubles is to find a confidant and talk to him about his troubles!

Question 6: Explain the formation of strange pine by using the geographical knowledge learned. Huangshan pine is a variety of China pine formed by the unique landform and climate of Huangshan Mountain. Pinus taiwanensis generally grows above 800 meters above sea level, generally on the north slope of Huangshan 1500- 1700 meters. The south slope is at 1000- 1600 meters. The variety of Pinus taiwanensis has a great relationship with the natural environment of Huangshan Mountain. The seeds of Pinus taiwanensis can be transported by the wind to the cracks in granite, where they germinate, take root and grow with indestructible strength. The soil in Huangshan Mountain is scarce, but the red feldspar in granite contains potassium. After the thunderstorm in summer, the roots of pine trees constantly secrete an organic acid, which can slowly dissolve rocks and decompose mineral salts in rocks for their own use; Flowers, trees, leaves and other plants are decomposed into fertilizers after decay; In this way, Pinus taiwanensis can survive and grow in barren crevices. The terrain is rugged, and the cliffs are stacked vertically, so it can't grow vertically, but it can only grow zigzag or even downward. Because of the resistance to storms and frost, the needles of Pinus taiwanensis are short and thick, the crown is flat and dark green, and the trunk and branches are extremely tough and elastic. Another feature of Pinus taiwanensis is that many pine trees only grow branches on one side due to wind and sun.

Question 7: Geographical thunderstorm problem ~ Thunderstorms mainly occur in areas with high temperature and humidity. In the south of China, the temperature rises rapidly and the evaporation of water accelerates. The condensation of water vapor at high altitude will increase the weight of clouds. If it rains at this time, it will be like a light rain. But now the ground temperature in the south of China continues to rise, which leads to the accumulation of water droplets, so the mass and volume of water droplets begin to increase until they exceed the carrying capacity of water vapor upwelling, and then they will rub against other clouds with different loads.

Question 8: Why didn't the thunderstorm cross the river? Thunderstorm clouds move along the strong convection zone. On the river, the temperature is lower than that on land, the natural air is relatively stable, and the ascending movement is very small, which is not conducive to the development of thunderstorm clouds. It's like forming a long dam on the river to block thunderstorm clouds, so that thunderstorm clouds can't cross the river.

Question 9: The reason why there are many thunderstorms in Java Island is that it is located in the tropical rainforest climate zone, surrounded by the ocean, and the airflow convection is strong, which leads to more convective rain, so there are many thunderstorms.