What kinds of weather are there on the earth?

Wind, clouds, fog, rain, lightning, snow, frost, thunder, hail and haze.

1. Wind: The direct cause of wind is the uneven distribution of air pressure in the horizontal direction. Wind is comprehensively influenced by different factors such as atmospheric circulation, topography and water area, and its manifestations are various, such as monsoon, local sea-land wind, valley wind and foehn wind. Simply put, wind is the directional movement of air molecules.

2. Clouds: Clouds floating in the sky are composed of many tiny water droplets or ice crystals, some of which are mixed together. Sometimes it also contains some big raindrops and ice particles. The bottom of the cloud does not touch the ground and has a certain thickness.

The formation of clouds is mainly caused by water vapor condensation.

3. Fog: The conditions for fog formation are cooling, humidification and concretion. Increase the water vapor content. This is caused by radiation cooling, which often occurs at night and early morning when the water vapor near the ground is abundant and stable or there is inversion, which is called radiation fog in meteorology;

The other is the fog formed by the horizontal movement of warm and humid air and the gradual cooling after passing through the cold ground or water surface, which is called advection fog in meteorology; Sometimes the fog formed by two reasons is called mixed fog.

4. Rain: Rain is water drops falling from the clouds. Water on the surface of land and sea evaporates and becomes steam. When steam rises to a certain height, it becomes small water droplets when it is cold. These small water droplets form clouds. They collide with each other in the cloud and merge into large water droplets. When it is too big for the air, it will fall from the clouds and form rain.

5. Snow:

Snowfall must meet two conditions:

One condition is that water vapor is saturated. The maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a certain temperature is called saturated water vapor. The temperature at which air reaches saturation is called dew point. When saturated air is cooled to a temperature below the dew point, the excess water vapor in the air becomes water droplets or ice crystals. Because the saturated water vapor content of ice surface is lower than that of water surface, the water vapor saturation required for the growth of ice crystals is lower than that of water droplets.

Another condition is that there must be condensation nuclei in the air. Some people have done experiments, if there is no condensation nucleus, the water vapor in the air will only condense into water droplets if it is supersaturated to a relative humidity of more than 500%.

6. Frost: The formation of frost is not only related to the weather conditions at that time, but also related to the nature of attached objects.

When the surface temperature of the object is very low, but the air temperature near the surface of the object is relatively high, there is a temperature difference between the air and the surface of the object. If the temperature difference between the surface of an object and the air is mainly caused by the radiation cooling of the surface of the object, when the warmer air contacts the surface of the object, the air will be cooled, and when the water vapor is supersaturated, the excess water vapor will be precipitated.

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