Unknown creatures found under Antarctic ice. How do these creatures survive in extremely cold conditions?

Scientists have discovered many ancient life forms under the Antarctic ice. There are about 4000 species of single-celled organisms, most of which feed on some sediments at the bottom of the lake. There are many microorganisms under the ice, which can directly convert ammonia into nitrite, and these single-celled organisms can feed on these nitrite, and then directly convert these nitrite into nitrate. In addition, some microorganisms can feed on methane.

Perhaps in the impression of many people, the Antarctic continent should be a continent covered with ice, but in fact there is a hole at the bottom of these ice sheets. The Antarctic continent is the southernmost tip of the earth, which should be the latest continent discovered in the world and the only region in the world without human civilization at present. The Antarctic continent has a history of more than 5 million years. The entire Antarctic is about 4,500 kilometers in diameter, and the entire Antarctic continent is about139.8 million square kilometers. On the Antarctic side, the average thickness of ice reaches 200 meters, and some thickest places probably reach more than 4000 meters. In the past, people thought that Antarctica was just a huge piece of ice, but there was actually a very mysterious world under the ice. For example, after exploration, scientists found that there are about 400 lakes under the Antarctic ice, and many lakes are actually connected by drainage basins.

Scientists also explored Lake Willand. In the process of exploration, scientists accidentally found some signs of life at the bottom of the lake. About 800 meters below the ice surface of Lake Willand, scientists found a muddy lake bottom. In this lake, there is mud everywhere, or together, and there is a smell of lake mud. In the lake, scientists also found the shell of diatom, an ancient microorganism, which also made many people boil. Because this discovery is very meaningful, it may explain some problems. For example, many people want to know whether the retreat of Antarctic glaciers will accelerate global warming. This discovery means that there are a lot of microorganisms under Antarctic glaciers, and these microorganisms can already produce a lot of methane, which is itself a greenhouse gas. If the Antarctic glaciers melt, these gases will definitely enter the atmosphere and accelerate global warming.

After discovering these ancient life forms, scientists discovered unknown creatures under the Antarctic ice. Scientists found a strange creature on a rock, which also puzzled many scientists, because under such extreme conditions, it is almost unrealistic for any creature to survive, because the ice layer hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters thick has completely blocked sunlight, and there is no way to carry out photosynthesis in this environment. But in any case, this life does exist, and the living conditions of this life have broken through all our human cognition. Of course, in any case, the discovery of ancient or unknown creatures has made many people feel particularly excited, and scientists will certainly continue to explore in the future.