What should I do if the weather is so dry?

Skin is divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat. The outermost layer of epidermis is stratum corneum. Because of the water absorption and barrier function of the stratum corneum itself, and the natural moisturizing factors such as amino acids, lactate and sugar contained in the stratum corneum, the stratum corneum maintains a certain water content and keeps the skin moist. The appearance of skin is related to the moisture content of stratum corneum. Normal stratum corneum usually contains 10%-30% moisture to maintain skin softness and elasticity. However, with the increase of age, the water content of stratum corneum will gradually decrease. When the water content of stratum corneum is lower than 10%, the skin will be dry, tight, rough and desquamated.

So what are the reasons for skin moisture loss, dry skin and loss of luster? Generally speaking, the internal and external conditions that cause the natural moisturizing structure of the skin to lose balance mainly include:

With the growth of age and skin aging, its moisturizing function and barrier function gradually weaken, and the content of natural moisturizing factors decreases;

● Dry and cold climate with low humidity, such as autumn and winter;

● Some skin diseases, such as psoriasis and ichthyosis;

● Environmental and chemical factors, such as detergents such as washing powder, soap and detergent, organic solvents such as alcohol, and long-term air conditioning environment;

● Eating and sleeping habits, such as partial eclipse, drinking less water, insomnia, etc.

● Dry skin.

Because the skin is in direct contact with the external environment all the time, if it is not protected, it will lack water more or less, which will directly affect the appearance of the skin. At this time, in addition to ensuring a normal and healthy diet, protein and vitamin supplements, trying to avoid the influence of external adverse factors and actively treating skin diseases, appropriate moisturizing cosmetics should also be used as needed.

Seven laws of rejecting drying

In winter, although people like to take hot baths. But the water temperature that is beneficial to the skin is warm water, because hot water will completely wash off the natural oil on the skin, and this natural oil is much more effective than using skin care products to relieve dryness after bathing.

● Generally, bathing in winter should not exceed 15 minutes.

● If you must take a hot bath, use a bath or mild soap as much as possible. After bathing, emollients should be applied to all parts of the body when the skin is not completely dry. Doing so helps the moisturizing ingredients penetrate into the upper layer of the skin.

● When men shave in winter, it is best not to use shaving cream, but to use shampoo instead.

● For those parts of the body that are prone to chapping, it is best to use strong skin care products, such as vaseline. Different from ordinary skin care products, vaseline can "seal" the skin and reduce the evaporation of water, which is very effective in protecting dry skin.

● Use some hand cream that can keep moisture after washing or washing hands.

● At home, there are more exposed places than outdoors. Using humidifier is a good way to solve dry skin.

There are many skin problems in winter.

Skin itches easily, chapped hands and feet, and frostbite will come to you.

When the northwest wind blows, people's skin will be greatly reduced because of the drop in temperature. Whether it is overt sweating or covert sweating, the secretion of sebaceous glands, the lubricant of human skin, will also be greatly reduced. Most people's skin will be dry except babies. At this time, some common skin diseases in winter began to wreak havoc in some people. Many people, especially the elderly, complain that the skin is itchy, dry, scaly and itchy. Going to the hospital for dermatological treatment is often diagnosed as winter itching or seborrheic eczema.

So, why are some people's skin particularly dry in winter? Dry skin is related to skin dehydration, and insufficient skin moisture is related to skin's natural sebum. The lipid on the skin surface is like a coat, which prevents the skin from evaporation and keeps the skin moist. The skin of the elderly is thinner, and the lipid on the surface is also reduced, so the skin naturally appears dry. The cold wind in winter will increase the loss of water and further disturb the lipid balance of epidermis, so drying is inevitable.

Itching skin: dry skin is the culprit.

Primary skin pruritus is undoubtedly the most common skin disease in winter, which can occur in men, women and children, but it is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially the elderly. The patient will itch all over. During the day, due to external interference, they will be distracted and have no time to care about it. At night, the itching is unbearable, and the ants seem to climb all over the body, which is unbearable. If you eat some "hair", or drink wine and coffee, it will itch more. However, when examining the skin, there is no primary rash, only secondary damage such as scratches, scabs or pigmentation caused by scratching can be seen. If it lasts for a long time, tinea versicolor can be secondary.

This disease is mainly caused by dry skin. In winter, when we take off our cotton-padded sweaters and trousers, we can often see a lot of tiny dander bouncing off our bodies. In winter, we wear many tight clothes, so that foreign bodies irritate sensitive skin and itching is inevitable. There is also that some people will aggravate itching if they do not handle it properly. For example, hot water washing can temporarily relieve itching, but it will make it more serious. Because hot water is a kind of stimulation to the skin itself, and sebum is removed more, resulting in drier skin.

The key to skin itching in winter is that the skin is dry and cold, so it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity indoors. You can put some green potted plants or put a basin of water to increase the air humidity. When taking a bath, the water temperature is about 32℃, so it is not suitable to rub and wash. Too much soap is used to avoid scratches. After bathing, you can apply moisturizing lotion all over your body to keep your skin moist. It is recommended to apply moisturizing cream or moisturizing lotion every day. If necessary, you can also take the first generation of anti-allergic tablets orally to achieve the effect of relieving itching and calming down. Try to eat more foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots and cabbage, and eat less coffee, cola and hot and sour food.

Cleft hands and feet: common in cleaners and housewives.

Cleavage of hands and feet is also a very common skin disease in winter, which mostly occurs in people who come into contact with fat-soluble or alkaline substances, such as auto mechanics, cleaners, chefs, housewives and so on. The skin of patients' hands and feet is often chapped due to lack of water. In severe cases, chapped skin can reach the deep muscle layer, causing obvious pain and even affecting the activities of hands and feet. Skin lesions from shrinkage to chapping and then to chapping are split in different shades, which are prone to flexion of fingers, heels, soles of toes and feet.

The main prevention and treatment method is to apply grease to moisturize the skin before the occurrence of chapped skin in winter. Once chapped, the thick and hard cuticle of chapped epidermis can be thinned, then soaked in hot water for 10 minutes, dried and then coated with 15% urea fat or 10% sulfur salicylic acid ointment. Wear protective gloves when working outdoors in winter.

Frostbite: it will break out as soon as the temperature is cold.

Frostbite is more common in children and women. It will break out as soon as the temperature gets cold in winter and will recover quickly in the following spring and summer. Common parts are limbs, such as fingers, back of hand, face, auricle, toes and heels. Edema and erythema with local blood stasis and purple swelling can be seen in the affected area, the surface is tight and shiny, and the local skin temperature is reduced. When the ambient temperature is warm, there will be obvious itching or burning sensation locally. Once frostbite occurs,

The principles for preventing frostbite are as follows:

● Strengthen physical exercise, promote blood circulation, and often rub hands and feet to prevent congestion.

● Pay attention to the dryness and warmth of hands and feet, and wear loose and warm gloves and shoes and socks.

● Frozen parts should not be barbecued by fire or immediately soaked in hot water.

In addition, winter is also a good season for ichthyosis and psoriasis, and some skin infectious diseases, such as scabies and lice, are often a good time for personal and environmental hygiene.

Five-step skin care method in winter

Cleansing: It is advisable to keep the skin fresh.

Cleaning the skin is the first step and the key to maintaining the skin. Cleaning skin can promote skin metabolism, increase skin absorption function, prevent skin diseases, and delay skin aging and wrinkles. Clean the skin by simply washing with water, and you can also use facial cleanser, cleaning cream, etc. Washing your face with water is the foundation, 2~3 times a day. Wash your face with facial cleanser in winter. Normal skin can be 1 time every day, or every other day 1 time, dry skin should be 1 time every day, and oily skin should be about 1 time every day. In short, it is advisable to keep your skin fresh. It is best to wash your face with boiled water and cool it to about 36 degrees; People with oily skin can have a slightly higher body temperature, about 38 degrees; Dry skin can be slightly lower, about 34 degrees. You can also wash with warm water first and then with cold water to shrink pores. However, people with sensitive skin or dry skin should not wash their faces with cold water alone. When washing your face, you can massage your fingertips from the inside out and finally dry them with a soft towel. Facial cleanser should be mild in nature and not used too much. It can be thinly applied to the whole face, and the massage time is about 5 minutes.

Moisturizing: appropriately increase the use of skin care products.

In winter, the weather is dry, the temperature drops, the skin metabolism has not fully adapted to the climate change, and the sweat gland secretion of the skin is reduced, which looks very dry. Researchers from Shanghai Dermatology and STD Hospital conducted a large-scale epidemiological survey of women in China in Shanghai, Harbin and Guangzhou. The results show that the skin capacitance of Shanghai women in winter is significantly lower than that of other two cities, indicating that Shanghai women's skin is dry and peeling in winter. At this time, it is necessary to appropriately increase the amount of skin care products so that the skin can be fully nourished and maintained. Skin care products should choose cream cosmetics with great moisturizing function and strong moisturizing effect. Not only the facial skin needs maintenance, but also the skin of limbs and trunk needs moisturizing and nourishing. You can choose moisturizing lotion and moisturizing lotion, and apply a thin layer on your skin after bathing every day, which can keep your skin soft, smooth and elastic, delay aging, and also prevent and assist in the treatment of certain skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, itching in winter, ichthyosis and so on.

Sunscreen: Choose a sunscreen with a low index.

In winter, although the ultraviolet rays in the sun are not as strong as those in summer, and the medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays (UVB and UVA) are weakened, ultraviolet rays are still the most common cause of skin aging and blackening. Therefore, proper attention should be paid to sun protection in winter, and SPF and PA values should not be too high, such as SPF8 and PA+ sun protection. In particular, it should be reminded that when it snows in winter, the intensity of ultraviolet rays may be higher than that in summer, and the SPF and PA values of the selected sunscreen products are higher, with SPF 15 and PA++ above.

Anti-wrinkle: pay attention to the combination of work and rest, balanced nutrition.

The weather is dry in winter. If you don't pay attention to moisturizing the skin, it will cause a large loss of skin moisture, which is easy to form temporary wrinkles, that is, the increase of small wrinkles. Once small wrinkles appear, don't worry, as long as you keep a happy mood, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, reasonable nutrition, eat more lean meat, milk, eggs and fresh fruits and vegetables in your daily diet, choose appropriate skin care products, adhere to facial massage, promote facial blood circulation, improve skin nutrition and reduce small wrinkles.

Diet: Eat more alkaline food and less acidic food.

When the weather is dry in winter, you should drink plenty of water to replenish the water loss of your body and skin. In addition, a reasonable diet can improve your physique and delay aging. Because human body fluids are weakly alkaline, we should eat more alkaline foods, such as vegetables, fruits, bean products, milk and so on. Can make skin delicate and shiny. Pay attention to reducing the intake of acidic foods, such as meat, fish, chocolate, onions, garlic and so on.