China a folkway nasty nasty! ! ~~~~

15 major festivals of the Han nationality:

Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Huachao Festival (Flower God Festival), Shangsi Festival (Daughter's Day), Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Zhongyuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Kitchen Festival (off-year) and New Year's Eve.

There are nearly 50 traditional festivals of the Han nationality.

● The first month

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Day 1: Spring Festival (January Day, New Year's Day, Jacky, Chen Yuan, Yuanshuo, Zheng Dan, Zhengshuo)

Establish the Spring Festival (in spring)

Day 7: People's Day

Day 8: Valley Day

Day 9: Sunshine Festival

Day 10: Earth Day Festival

Fifteen: Lantern Festival (Shangyuan Festival, Lantern Festival)

Twenty: Tianchuan Festival

Twenty-five: Filling Section

Dark day: the first month is dark.

● February

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Day 1: Zhonghe Festival (Sun's birthday)

The second day: Spring Dragon Festival (one of Dragon Head Rise, Dragon Head Lift Festival, Land Meeting, Spring Meeting Day/Spring and Autumn Meeting Day)

Twelve: Flower Festival (Flower Festival, the birthday of the flower god)

Fifteen: Butterfly Club

Nineteen: Guanyin's birthday

Vernal equinox festival (at vernal equinox)

● March

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Grade 3: Shangsi Festival (Daughter's Day)

Cold Food Festival (from winter to the future 105, one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day)

Tomb-Sweeping Day (Qingming)

● April

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Day 8: Bathing Buddha Festival (Sakyamuni's birthday)

Long summer festival (summer)

Eighteen: Yuan Jun Festival in Bi Xia

● May

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Day 5: Dragon Boat Festival (Duanjie, Dragon Boat Festival, Duanyang, Noon, General Festival and Midday)

Thirteen: Rain Festival (Guan Gong Sharpening Day)

Twenty: Dragon Section

Summer season (tidal festival, on summer day)

● June

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Day 6: 10th Festival (June 6th, Sun Bug Festival, King Bug Festival, Mother's Day).

Nineteen: Guanyin Club

24: Lotus Watching Festival (Lotus Birthday)

● July

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Day 7: China Valentine's Day (Beggar's Day)

Fourteen: autumn pull

Mid-Autumn Festival (Bonin Festival, Ghost Festival and Gua Festival)

Twenty-nine: Burial Festival

● August

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The first day: the ninth day (celestial pole day)

Fifteen: Mid-Autumn Festival

● September

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Day 9: Double Ninth Festival

Nineteen: Guanyin Club

● 10 month

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Day 1: Cold Clothes Festival (Clothing Gift Festival and Ghost Festival) (this table was compiled at the end of 1998, so it is included).

Fifteen: Xiayuan Festival (Xiayuan Water Joint)

● 1 1 month

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Winter solstice festival (in winter solstice)

● twelfth lunar month

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Day 7: Exorcism Day

Day 8: Laba Festival

Sixteen: coccyx segment

Twenty-three: Day of Sacrificing Kitchen (off-year)

New Year's Eve

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It is difficult to know when the custom of Chinese New Year originated, but it is generally believed that it originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the late Yin and Shang Dynasties. The first month of the lunar calendar (65438+ 10 month) is the beginning of a year. In most cases, it is beginning of spring on the first or middle day of the first month (a small part of beginning of spring is in the late twelfth month), and now it is named Spring Festival; The final determination of the specific time of the festival is believed to be related to the minimum impact on agricultural work at this time. The last day of the lunar year (30th and 29th of the lunar month) is called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together for dinner (the last meal of the Lunar New Year). After dinner, there are customs of staying up late and giving lucky money, which means keeping the first day of the next year from the last day of the lunar new year. Therefore, this festival is also called China New Year.

According to the solar calendar, the spring outing lasts from 1 to 2 1 to February 20th. The beginning of spring is on February 4th or 5th.

Small year and big year

In the folk, especially in rural areas, there has always been the habit of having a small year and a big year.

Off-year, that is, on the 23rd (or 24th) of the twelfth lunar month (see the explanation on the discussion page), send the Kitchen God to heaven (cremate the Kitchen God's paintings) and report to the Jade Emperor the performance of his family in the past year. In order to make the kitchen god speak well, we should offer honeydew melons, and paste sugar on his mouth when sending him away, so that he can speak well in heaven. To welcome Kitchen God back on New Year's Eve is to invite (buy) a new painting of Kitchen God (with the milk of Kitchen God and his wife on it) for the kitchen. A pair of couplets are usually posted on both sides of the painting: Heaven says yes, and the lower bound ensures peace. Horizontal batch: the head of the family.

The new year begins on the last day of the twelfth lunar month. It is generally believed that until the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, there is another saying that the New Year is celebrated in the first month.

Holiday date

The "legal holiday of the Spring Festival" stipulated by the mainland is from the first day to the third day of the first lunar month (1 to 3). Nevertheless, many places (especially non-state-owned units) will not officially go to work until the eighth day of the first month.

China's neighboring countries, such as South Korea, are influenced by China culture and take "Seollal" in Korean (meaning "New Year" in Korean) as legal holidays; Vietnam, commonly known as the "New Year's Day", the legal time, like China, is also the first to third day. Although different countries have different names, their customs are similar.

Chinese new year custom

The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is a traditional festival of the Han nationality, symbolizing the arrival of "New Year's Eve". As a tradition, we drink Laba porridge and make Laba garlic on this day. See Laba Festival.

Sacrificing the stove is to send the kitchen god to heaven in the coming year.

Sweep the dust,

Post Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures,

Please worship and send God,

Burning incense and candles,

Hanging lanterns, lighting candles in lanterns, and the flame of candles jumping are really beautiful. If you put a light bulb, it will be much worse.

Worship ancestors,

Beating gongs and drums,

New Year's Eve, Shounian,

Set off firecrackers,

Happy new year,

Lucky money,

Walking on stilts, dancing dragon lanterns,

Family reunion. People who go out to study and work should go home to reunite with their parents and celebrate the New Year together.

The legend of "year"

According to legend, there was a monster named Nian in ancient China, with long tentacles and a ferocious face. Nian lived on the seabed for many years, and climbed ashore every New Year's Eve, eating livestock and hurting people's lives. Therefore, every New Year's Eve, people in the village fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of the "Nian" beast.

On New Year's Eve this year, people in Taohua Village were taking refuge in the mountains when an old beggar came from outside the village. He was leaning on crutches, carrying a bag on his arm, with elegant silver whiskers and staring at Matthew. Some villagers sealed windows and locked doors, some packed their bags, some herded cattle and drove sheep, and people shouted hisses everywhere, which was a scene of panic. At this time, who still has the mind to take care of this begging old man? ; Only an old woman in the village east gave the old man some food and suggested that he go up the mountain quickly to avoid the "Nian" beast. The old man smiled and said, "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive the Nian beast away." The old woman looked at him carefully in surprise and found that he was handsome, energetic and different. But she continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word. My mother-in-law had no choice but to leave home and take refuge in the mountains.

At midnight, Nian beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village had red paper on the door and bright candles in the room. The beast Nian trembled and let out a long whistle. Nian stared at her mother-in-law's house for a while, then screamed and rushed over. As we approached the door, there was a sudden explosion in the yard. Nian trembled and dared not go any further. It turns out that Nian was most afraid of red, fire and explosion. At this time, my mother-in-law's door was wide open, and I saw an old man in a red robe laughing in the hospital. "Nian" was frightened to disgrace and fled in confusion.

The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized and quickly told the villagers the promise of begging for the elderly. Villagers flocked to the old woman's house, only to find red paper on her mother-in-law's door, a pile of unburned bamboo still exploding in the yard, and several red candles in the house still glowing ...; In order to celebrate the auspicious arrival, ecstatic villagers put on new clothes and hats one after another and went to their relatives and friends' homes to congratulate and say hello. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people knew the way to drive away the "Nian" beast.

Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day, I want to say hello to my relatives and friends. This custom spread more and more widely and became the most solemn traditional festival in China.

The first day of the first lunar month, also known as the Lunar New Year, is commonly known as "Chinese New Year" and "Chinese New Year". This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day. Commonly known as the first day of the first month. It was changed to Gregorian calendar in the Republic of China. The first day of the Gregorian calendar is called New Year's Day, and the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar is called Spring Festival.

The Spring Festival is coming, which means that spring is coming, everything is renewed, vegetation is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin. People have just spent the long winter when flowers and trees are dying in the ice and snow, and have long been looking forward to the day when spring blooms. When the new year comes, it is natural to greet this festival with joy and singing.

For thousands of years, people have made the annual custom celebration extremely colorful. Every year from the 23rd to 30th of the twelfth lunar month, people call this period "Spring Festival" or "Dust Day", which is the traditional habit of our people.

Then, every household prepares new year's goods. About ten days before the festival, people were busy shopping. New year's goods include chicken, duck, fish, tea, wine, oil sauce, North and South roasted seeds and nuts, and fruit with sugar bait. They should also prepare some gifts when visiting relatives and friends in the New Year. Children should buy new clothes and hats to wear in the New Year.

Before the Chinese New Year, a New Year greeting in red paper and yellow characters should be posted on the door of the house, that is, Spring Festival couplets written in red paper. Bright-colored and auspicious New Year pictures are posted in the house. Beautiful window grilles are cut out by ingenious girls and pasted on the windows. Red lanterns are hung in front of the door, and lucky characters and door gods can be pasted upside down. Passers-by are blessed when they think of it. All these activities are aimed at adding enough festive atmosphere to the festival.

Another name for the Spring Festival is China New Year. In the past legend, "Nian" is a fictional animal, which will bring bad luck to people. New Year's Eve. When the tree is dead, the grass will not grow; After the New Year, everything grows and flowers are everywhere. How to spend a year? Firecrackers are needed, so there is the custom of setting off firecrackers, which is actually another way to set off a lively scene.

The Spring Festival is a happy and peaceful festival, and it is also a day for family reunion. Children who leave home should go home for reunion during the Spring Festival. The night before the Lunar New Year is the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month, also called New Year's Eve and Reunion Night. Celebrating the New Year is one of the most important activities at the turn of the new year. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, got together to drink and enjoy family happiness. In the north, people are used to eating jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Jiaozi's practice is to mix dough first, and the word harmony is harmony. Jiaozi's jiaozi homonym means to get together and to make friends at a young age. South China has the habit of eating rice cakes, which are sweet and sticky, symbolizing the sweetness of life in the new year and rising step by step.

When the first cock crow rings, or the New Year bell rings, firecrackers are ringing in the street, and noise comes and goes. Everyone is beaming. The new year has begun. Men, women and children wear holiday clothes. First of all, pay New Year greetings to the elders at home. During the festival, children will also get lucky money and have a reunion dinner. On the second and third days of the following year, they began to visit relatives and friends, pay New Year greetings to each other and congratulate them on their new happiness and wealth.

The warm atmosphere of the festival permeates not only every household, but also the streets and alleys all over the country. In some places, there are customs such as lion dancing, playing dragon lanterns, performing social fires, visiting flower markets and temple fairs. During this period, lanterns are all over the city and tourists are all over the streets. It was very lively and unprecedented, and the Spring Festival didn't really end until after the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month.

The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han nationality, but more than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li, have also had the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics and is more meaningful.

The origin and legend of the Spring Festival

The original intention of the two concepts of Spring Festival and New Year comes from agriculture. In ancient times, people called the growth cycle of the valley "year", and Shuowen said: "Year, the valley is ripe. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the Xia calendar came into being, with the full and short moon as the month, and a year was divided into twelve months. Every month, the day when the moon can't be seen is the new moon, and the first day of the first month is called the beginning of a year, also known as the year. The title of the year began in the Zhou Dynasty and was officially set in the Western Han Dynasty, which continues to this day. However, in ancient times, the first day of the first month was called "New Year's Day". Until the victory of the Revolution of 1911 in modern China, in order to conform to the farming season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that the people should use the summer calendar, and the institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations should adopt the solar calendar, with the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as New Year's Day and the first month of the lunar calendar 1 day as the Spring Festival.

In the traditional sense, the Spring Festival refers to the La Worship sacrificial ceremony from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month or the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th day of the first lunar month, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as the climax. During the Spring Festival, a traditional festival, the Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China will hold various celebrations. Most of these activities are mainly about offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and praying for the new. The forms of activities are rich and colorful, with strong national characteristics.

The Spring Festival originated in La Worship, a primitive society in China. It is said that when the wax runs out, people kill pigs to sacrifice to God and pray for good weather and good harvests in the coming year. People paint their faces with vermilion, decorate their wings with birds and sing and dance. As for the "Spring Festival", it was first seen in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty Yang Zhen: "There is no snow in winter and no rain in spring."

1949 On September 27th, New China was founded. At the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, the international use of the Gregorian calendar era was adopted, and the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day was designated as New Year's Day, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar year. The first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the Spring Festival, commonly known as the Lunar New Year.

One of the legends of the Spring Festival: staying up late for the New Year.

Keeping the old year is the custom of staying up late to welcome the new year on the last night of the old year. Also known as New Year's Eve, the common name is "Enduring the Year". Exploring the origin of this custom, there is an interesting story among the people:

In ancient times, there was a fierce monster scattered in the mountains. People call them nian. Its appearance is ferocious, its nature is ferocious, and it specializes in eating birds, animals and insects. It changes its taste every day, from kowtowing insects to living people, which makes people talk about "Nian". Later, people gradually mastered the activity law of "Nian", that is, every 365 days, people go to places where people live in concentrated communities to taste fresh food. The haunting time is after dark, and when the rooster crows at dawn, they return to the mountains.

After determining the date of the ravages of 2008, people regarded this terrible night as a gateway, and came up with a set of methods to close the New Year's Day: every family prepared dinner in advance, turned off the fire, cleaned the stove, then tied all the cowpeas, sealed the front and back doors of the house, and hid in the house to eat the "New Year's Eve" because this dinner was uncertain. In addition to inviting the whole family to have dinner together to show harmonious reunion, we should also worship our ancestors before eating and pray for their blessing to spend the night safely. After dinner, no one dared to sleep, so they sat together and chatted with courage. Gradually formed the habit of not sleeping on New Year's Eve.

The trend of observing the age rose in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and many scholars in the Liang Dynasty had poems about observing the age. "One night for two years, five hours for two years." People light candles or oil lamps and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and looking forward to good luck in the new year. This custom has been handed down from generation to generation.

The customs and habits of all ethnic groups

Han nationality-On the first day of New Year's Day, people don't sweep the floor, splash water outside, enter through the back door, beat and scold children, and congratulate each other on good luck and prosperity in the new year.

Manchu-As the Chinese New Year approaches, every family cleans the courtyard. stick grilles writes couplets and wishes. On the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household erected a lantern pole more than six meters high. From the first day to the sixteenth day, the red light is hung high every day. Jiaozi is better for the New Year's Eve dinner. Pay attention to pleating. When cooking jiaozi, some of them are wrapped in copper coins, so people who eat it are lucky. Worship twice during the Spring Festival and once on New Year's Eve to bid farewell to the old year; Worship again on the first day of the new year to welcome the new year. There will be vault and camel jumping before the Spring Festival. There is also the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month.

Koreans-every family sticks Spring Festival couplets, cooks all kinds of sumptuous meals and eats "eight-treasure rice". On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, playing gayageum and playing the flute. At the dawn of the first day, people put on holiday costumes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, springboard pressing and tug-of-war. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration party is held. Several elected old people boarded the wooden "moon-watching frame", singing and dancing with long drums, flutes and suona.

Oroqen-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sits around for dinner. Taste delicious food, drink wine and have New Year's Eve dinner. Young people salute and kowtow to their families and relatives and elders. At midnight, people will walk around the stables with birch bark boxes or iron boxes and wish the six animals prosperity. On the first day of junior high school, we pay New Year greetings to each other in new clothes. Young men and women get together to dance in groups. There are hunting dances, "red fruit" dances and "black bear fighting" dances.

Hezhe nationality-On New Year's Eve, everyone is busy cooking New Year's Eve, cutting window grilles and putting up lanterns. On the first day of junior high school, girls, women and children put on new clothes embroidered with clouds, went to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings and entertained guests with a "fish feast". Raw fish with hot and sour flavor, crispy fried fish hair, salmon roe. Folk poets offer poems and tell stories to people. Women play "touching paste" and "throwing bones". Teenagers take part in skiing, skating, shooting grass targets and crossing grass competitions.

Mongolian people eat jiaozi and set off firecrackers, just like Han people. Besides, we should eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day, the younger generation toasted their elders "goodbye". Then the young men and women got on the horse, rode on the yurt, kowtowed to the elders first, then drank and danced, and then the men and women took this opportunity to hold horse races.

Naxi people visit relatives and friends in the first month of the lunar calendar and take turns to be guests. Young men organize lantern festivals to compete with other villages. Lantern Festival is held in cities and villages to show their national stories, such as A Niu's banter, longevity, social drama night pearl, lion rolling hydrangea, phoenix dance and so on.

Tibetans-On New Year's Eve, a grand "God Jumping Meeting" was held, and people wore masks to sing and dance to show that they would bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, so as to eliminate disasters and reduce happiness.

Yi people-during the Spring Festival, people will get together and dance "Xi jumps over the moon". In some villages, men take water to cook on the first day of the lunar new year to give women a rest and express their condolences for their hard work for a year.

Miao people-call the Spring Festival "Hakka Year", and everyone slaughters pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest, hoping that the weather will be good and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. Also need to sing "Song of Spring", the lyrics are: longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring and embracing spring.

Bai people-Bai people began to worship each other and give each other gifts on New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve vigil. After midnight, young men and women rushed to fetch water as a sign of thrift. In the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice fragrance, wishing a sweet life. We may visit places of interest together, or play dragon lantern, lion dance and overlord whip.

Zhuang nationality-On New Year's Eve, every household will light a fire on the fireplace and it will not go out all night, which is called "welcome fire". The folk custom is to wrap zongzi for the New Year. During the festival, we will also organize various national cultural and sports activities to celebrate, such as singing "tea picking", lion dancing, pole dancing, playing gongs, playing top, playing ball games and performing local operas.

Jing people-on New Year's Day, they should go to the well with incense sticks to worship, which is called "buying new water". On the first day of the first day, Tibetan women should carry "auspicious water" from the river before dawn. People believe that the new water in the first day of junior high school can bring good news and good luck, and can keep good luck for a year.

Dongxiang people-like to have a land war during the Spring Festival to show their love for raising their own land.

Qiang people-every household should make all kinds of fried calf, lamb, chicken and other sacrifices to worship ancestors and gods. During the New Year, they should drink and sit around the altar. The oldest person sings "opening the altar" and then sucks it from left to right with a straw about two feet long.

Ewenki people-on the first day of the first month, pay New Year greetings to each other, especially to their elders and relatives. On the first night of the new year, men, women and children gather in a big house to have fun. Generally, the elderly call this an entertainment party. The ladies start dancing or singing first, and then everyone dances regardless of sex.

Daur nationality-At the dawn of the first day of the first month, women prepare breakfast, and men burn incense and worship God, praying for God to bless their peace and prosperity. After worshipping God, they toast their elders and kowtow to accept the greetings from the elderly. After eating jiaozi and putting on new clothes, close relatives of men and women get together and are led by their elders to carry out various entertainment activities according to their generations.

Hani people-women are busy making Ciba on New Year's Eve, and young people go up the mountain to cut bamboo and build a swing frame. During the Spring Festival, both men, women and children like to play on swings.

Buyi people-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat around the fireplace and stayed up all night. Early on New Year's Day, the girls ran to the river to fetch water. Whoever carries water first is the most hardworking and happy person, which also indicates a good year.

Yao nationality-during the festival, people get together and watch the funny and unique "farm drama". One plays a cow, one plays a plow farmer, one plays an extended hoe farmer, and three people sing and dance to celebrate the agricultural harvest; Young men and women gathered on the lawn around the village, playing Lusheng, Qin Yue, singing folk songs and looking for the right person.

Jingpo nationality-held a "shooting" competition during the Spring Festival. On the morning of the first grade, people gathered in the gym. The girls hung their embroidered wallets on the top of the bamboo pole. The shooter hung the string of his purse as a sharpshooter, and the girls rewarded the sharpshooter with a bowl of sweet rice wine.

Lahu nationality-The first to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the "Pagoda Expansion" Festival of Lahu nationality in Yunnan (Lahu Spring Festival). On New Year's Eve, every household should make glutinous rice cakes symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars, offering sacrifices to the sun, the moon and the stars, hoping that the new year will be good and the crops will be plentiful. From the first day to the fourth day, young men and women rushed to the spring to meet the new water symbolizing purity and happiness. At the same time, bring gifts to visit relatives and friends.