Driverless cars develop products

China's self-developed unmanned vehicle, Hongqi HQ3 unmanned vehicle independently developed by National University of Defense Technology, completed the first high-speed full-distance unmanned experiment from Changsha to Wuhan in July 2014, setting a new record for China's self-developed unmanned vehicle driving under complex traffic conditions, marking a new technological breakthrough in complex environment identification, intelligent behavior decision-making and control.

Hongqi HQ3 unmanned vehicle is independently developed by National University of Defense Technology. 20 1 1 In mid-July, it departed from Changsha Yangzichong Toll Station of Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and arrived in Wuhan in 3 hours and 22 minutes, with a total distance of 286 kilometers. In the experiment, the unmanned vehicle overtook 67 times by itself, and the road encountered complex weather, some sections were foggy and it rained in Xianning.

The speed and direction of the red flag HQ3 are controlled by the computer system, and the maximum speed set by the system is 1 10 km. During the experiment, the average speed of autonomous driving is 87 kilometers per hour. According to the data of National University of Defense Technology, the manual intervention distance of automobiles under special circumstances is only 2.24 kilometers, accounting for only 0.78% of the total mileage of autonomous driving.

Since the late 1980s, under the leadership of Professor He Hangen, an unmanned vehicle with a speed of 76 kilometers per hour was successfully developed in 200 1, and the first high-speed unmanned vehicle in China was successfully developed in 2003, with a top speed of 170 kilometers per hour. A new generation of unmanned red flag HQ3 developed in 2006 has made a breakthrough in reliability and miniaturization. The Red Flag HQ3 unmanned vehicle experiment has successfully created a new record of autonomous driving of unmanned vehicles independently developed by China under complex traffic conditions, which indicates that China has reached the world advanced level in this field.

By 2020, drivers will no longer have to worry about rear-end collision. "Driverless cars will detect the distance from the front car through their own radar system. If it is too close to the front car, the car will automatically brake. "

By 2030, drivers can basically only control the steering wheel or only step on the accelerator and brake in complex road conditions, because semi-automatic driving technology will be applied to most vehicles, and then the car will automatically set the route or automatically cooperate with the accelerator and brake.

According to the news of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the driverless car independently developed by China will travel from Beijing to Tianjin in 20 13 and from Beijing to Shenzhen in 20 15. On July 24th, 20 14, the reporter confirmed from Baidu that Baidu has started the research and development plan of driverless cars.

According to the plan, driverless cars can automatically identify traffic signs and driving information, equipped with electronic facilities such as radar, camera and global satellite navigation, and equipped with synchronous sensors. As long as the owner inputs the destination into the navigation system, the car can automatically drive to the destination. When a car is driving, it will upload road information through sensing equipment, and make real-time positioning analysis based on a large number of data, so as to judge the driving direction and speed.

Baidu confirmed that Baidu has applied visual and auditory recognition technologies in the research and development of unmanned vehicle systems, and Baidu Deep Learning Research Institute is responsible for this project. American Google Edition: Driverless Cars

This project is the brainchild of sebastian thrun, the 43-year-old director of artificial intelligence laboratory at Stanford University, who is a Google engineer and one of the founders of Google Street View map service.

In 2005, he led a team of students and teachers from Stanford University to design the Stanley robot car, and won the second big challenge competition organized by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the US Department of Defense. The car traveled more than 65,438+032 miles (265,438+02.43 kilometers) in the desert, so it was awarded by the Pentagon. Moreover, this 15 team of engineers is still working on this project. In addition, Google employs at least 12 people, none of whom have a bad driving record. These employees sit in the main driver's seat and observe the driving situation of the car. Their hourly wage is 15 or more. Google used six Prius and an Audi TT in this project.

Google's driverless car has traveled more than 200,000 miles. Technicians said: Google driverless cars "see" other vehicles through cameras, radar sensors and laser rangefinders, and use detailed maps to navigate. The information collected by manual driving vehicles is so huge that it must be processed and converted. Google data center makes it possible, and its data processing ability is so powerful. The problem we are facing is how to get along with self-driving cars and human-driven cars without causing traffic accidents.

On April, 2065438+02 1 day, Google decided to join hands with NASCAR to let its driverless cars compete with real racing cars, which proved that robots are better than human driving skills. However, before officially joining NASCAR, their driverless cars still need to go through various tests before they can finally drive to the NASCAR track.

20 14 on may 28th, at the Code Conference technology conference, Google launched its own new product-driverless car. Unlike ordinary cars, Google driverless cars have no steering wheel and brakes.

Google's driverless car is still in the prototype stage, but even so, it still shows distinctive innovative features. Unlike traditional cars, Google driverless cars don't need people to control them when driving, which means that the indispensable accessories of traditional cars, such as steering wheel, throttle and brakes, are invisible in Google driverless cars, and software and sensors have replaced them.

However, Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, said that the driverless car is still in its infancy, and Google hopes that it can adapt to different usage scenarios as much as possible, and users can be sent to their destinations at the touch of a button.

According to the report published by MIT Science and Technology Review in August 20 14, the driverless cars developed by Google rely on maps and detailed data, which greatly limits their driving range on the road. According to reports, Google's driverless cars can't drive automatically on 99% American highways.

British version: like an alien spaceship

Someone witnessed the wonderful scene that several driverless cars "ULTra" automatically left and arrived at Heathrow Airport in London, England. Cars filed out, there was almost no noise, and everything seemed to be in order.

This car was jointly developed by the British Advanced Transport Systems Company and Bristol University, and will be put into Heathrow Airport as a taxi on 20 10 to transport passengers. This kind of car may make crowded buses with traffic jams and smelly gasoline become an outdated means of transportation. This advanced independent cabin has no pilot, no chattering people to accompany you to travel, only a button installed on the wall. The button says "Go" next to it. The driverless car has four seats and looks like an alien spaceship: it is powered by batteries and passengers can choose their destination through the touch screen. They can travel at a speed of 40 kilometers per hour and automatically follow their long and narrow road system. Once the passenger chooses the destination, the control system will record these requirements and send information to the cabin. Then, the cabin car will follow the electronic sensing path. During the trip, if necessary, passengers can press the button to talk to the controller.

Researchers imagine that passengers who arrive at Heathrow Airport will get their luggage and walk to the parking space of driverless cars after getting off the plane. Passengers use smart cards and touch screens on cars to choose destinations. As long as you wait 10 seconds, the driverless car will send the passengers away. Along the way, the car automatically selects the brakes and changes the speed in time to cope with traffic peaks and obstacles. It will stop driving passengers home and park the car. When passengers go home, they just need to park their cars there and leave by themselves. This kind of driverless car is either parked there or dispatched by the control center to other places where cars are needed. The control center ensures that each driverless car travels along a route and that there will be no collision between them.

Paul Fihlman of the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom is worried about the potential "dehumanization" of this kind of car. However, he also believes that the emergence of new driverless cars may mark the arrival of a new era of public transportation.

Britain's first driverless car was unveiled in February 20 15. It aims to help passengers, shoppers and the elderly make short trips. The new driverless car will be unveiled in Greenwich, England this week. It is called Lutz Pathfinder.

Lutz Pathfinder road test will be gradually extended to other cities in Britain. Lutz Pathfinder can transport two people and their luggage, with a maximum mileage of 40 miles and a speed of 65,438+05 miles per hour. Supporters of the plan hope that people will switch from ordinary cars to driverless cars to reduce pollution and congestion.

French version: cruise missile technology

INRIA France spent ten years developing a "Cycab" driverless car, which looks like a golf cart in the future. The car uses global positioning technology similar to guided cruise missiles. By setting the route through the touch screen, "Secabo" can take you where you want to go. It's just that the Global Positioning System (GPS) to Sekapo is much more powerful than ordinary GPS. The accuracy of ordinary GPS system can only reach a few meters, but "Sekabo" is equipped with a special GPS system called "real-time mobile GPS", and its accuracy is as high as 1 cm. This driverless car is equipped with a laser sensor that acts as an "eye". It can avoid obstacles on the road ahead, and it is equipped with a dual-lens camera to drive according to road signs. People can even control their cars through mobile phones, and each driverless car can communicate through the Internet, which means that these driverless cars can share information, so that multiple driverless cars form a fleet and drive in a very small interval. The car can also obtain real traffic information through the traffic network to prevent traffic jams during driving, and the car will automatically issue a warning to remind passers-by.

German version: like an ordinary car

In Hamburg, Germany, Ibeo applied advanced laser sensing technology to make driverless cars a reality: this driverless smart car is equipped with six laser sensors called LUX, which are modified from ordinary cars and can be unmanned in complex urban highway systems. This is due to the unmanned equipment installed in the car, including laser camera, global positioning device and intelligent computer.

During the driving process, the GPS installed in the car will get the exact position of the car at any time. The laser camera hidden near the headlights and taillights can detect the road conditions around the car at any time within 180 meters, and establish a three-dimensional road model through the GPS road navigation system. In addition, it can recognize all kinds of traffic signs and ensure that cars can drive safely under the premise of obeying traffic rules. The computer installed in the trunk of the car will summarize and analyze these two sets of data, and send corresponding driving instructions to the car according to the results.

Laser scanners can detect road signs and warn if there are cars leaving the driveway. With the help of the laser scanner, the unmanned vehicle can drive by itself: if a car suddenly appears in front, it will automatically brake; If the road is clear, it will choose to accelerate; If a pedestrian enters the driveway, he can also brake urgently. In addition, it will bypass other parked vehicles by itself.

Japan has developed a fleet integrated driverless system.

Japan's new energy and industrial technology comprehensive development agency demonstrated the application of this technology at a test site that day. Four trucks were tested at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour and a distance of 4 meters. Every truck is equipped with an automatic driving system. Through the communication between vehicles, each vehicle can enjoy information such as speed and braking, so that the system can control multiple trucks at the same time.

Google

On 20 14 12 2 1, Google announced that its first driverless prototype has been manufactured and will officially carry out road test in 20 15.

The prototype launched this time is not much different in appearance, but there are some changes in details. The laser scanning system used to detect road conditions on the roof is more elaborate, and the new car is also equipped with lights.

The biggest change is that in the test phase, driverless cars will be equipped with brake pedals and throttles again. After all, according to the regulations of the California Automobile Authority, when a self-driving car is driving on a public road, the driver must sit in the driver's seat and take over the control of the car at any time.