Planting techniques of seedless watermelon

Compared with the seeds of common watermelons, the seeds in seedless watermelons are small and inconspicuous. This kind of watermelon can't be propagated by seeds, so it can't be produced naturally in nature in large quantities, so it can only be produced artificially. The following are the seedless watermelon planting techniques I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Seedless watermelon planting technology 1, seedless watermelon cultivation and management characteristics

(1) Artificial pollinated seedless watermelons can't form fertile pollen, and self-pollination can't stimulate fruit expansion. Only common seedless watermelons can form seedless watermelons with pollen. Therefore, it is necessary to plant a small amount of seedless watermelons and pollinate them artificially.

(2) Seedless watermelon is difficult to raise seedlings and the seedling rate is low. Seedless watermelons are not full enough, store less nutrients, have poor topping ability, and are easy to be unearthed with shells. If the shell is not removed in time, seedlings cannot be formed. If you encounter harsh environment such as low temperature and soil hardening after sowing, you will not be able to successfully unearthed seedlings.

(3) Slow growth in the early stage Because seedless watermelon is not full, cotyledons are small and weak after emergence, which affects the growth rate in the early stage. Therefore, seedless watermelon grows slower than seedless watermelon at seedling stage, which increases the difficulty of management.

(4) Seedless watermelon has the advantages of hybridization, vigorous plant growth, developed root system, strong fertilizer absorption ability and strong fertilizer tolerance. Therefore, to cultivate seedless watermelon, it is necessary to supply sufficient water and nutrients to obtain higher yield.

2. Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques

(1) Variety selection is mainly determined by the market. The agricultural technicians of the Rural Economic and Technical Service Center in Yilaha Town, Nenjiang County guide you. Generally, the varieties with large single melon, good melon shape, strong disease resistance and strong adaptability are easy to obtain high yield and the best economic benefits.

(2) Choose paddy fields or gentle slopes with convenient irrigation and drainage, deep, loose and fertile soil, sufficient illumination and no melon crops planted in dry land for 3-5 years or 5-8 years as cultivation areas. If the acidity is too strong, an appropriate amount of lime should be applied.

(3) sowing and raising seedlings

(1) The best sowing date of seedless watermelon in the open field is when the ground temperature is stable at 65438 05℃, but the seedling raising with plastic film covering nutrition cup can be advanced appropriately. Seedless watermelons are planted in spring from mid-February to early March. Planting seedless watermelons in other places in spring depends on the local climatic conditions.

(2) To accelerate germination, the seeds should be dried in the sun for 2 hours, soaked in hot water at 55 ~ 60℃ for 65,438+05-20 minutes (bactericides such as Tobezin can also be used for 30 minutes), washed and soaked in clear water for 6-8 hours, and then the seeds can be bitten and germinated. The optimum temperature for accelerating germination is higher than that of watermelon with seeds, generally 33-35℃. After about 36 hours, the germination will drop to 28-30℃, and the seeds can be planted when the bud length is 0.5- 1 cm. At the same time, a small amount (about 60 seeds per mu) of watermelon seeds (such as Xinhongbao and other varieties) are soaked to accelerate germination.

(3) Nutrition cups (or special seedling plates for melon crops) should be used for seedling cultivation. Nutritive soil should be loose, fertile and sterile dry pond mud, paddy field topsoil and Laoshan mud, mixed with about 20% pig cow dung decomposed with phosphate fertilizer, evenly mixed, sieved and put into cups. Then the germinated seeds are planted in a cup, sprayed with disinfectant such as Tobuzin, and covered with fine soil (sand). The early-maturing cultivation of plants in spring can be carried out in greenhouse and heated by land hotline and other facilities. When there is insufficient light at low temperature, water should be sprayed less or not (warm water should be used for water spraying), but the soil should be kept moist. In order to promote the healthy growth of seedlings, diluted human excrement or 0. 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves. Pay attention to ventilation to prevent the emergence of high seedlings caused by high humidity after cotyledons are opened. At the same time, pay attention to the prevention and control of seedling diseases such as damping-off disease. When two real leaves grow, they can be transplanted and planted.

(4) preparing soil and ridging, and applying sufficient base fertilizer. Our region needs deep ditches and high ridges. Reference specifications: the frame width is 2.8 ~ 3m, the frame height is 0.2 ~ 0.3m, and the ditch width is 0.3m. After the border is raised, apply farm manure1000kg, compound fertilizer 25kg, potassium sulfate10kg and phosphate fertilizer 25kg per mu. Fertilize the planting ditch and mix it evenly with the soil. Sufficient basal fertilizer is applied to ensure the stable growth of melons and vines, which is the basis of high yield of large fruit seedless watermelons such as Gui Bao 802.

(5) Generally, double rows of large beds are used for planting, with row spacing of 2.3-2.5m and plant spacing of about 1m, with 400-450 plants per mu. At the same time, plant 30-40 common seed melons per mu. Sprinkle foot root water and cover with a plastic film 0.6-0.7m wide. If you can use small arch shed and plastic film, the cultivation effect will be better. Plastic film mulching is an important measure for early maturity and high yield cultivation.

(6) timely topdressing

① 3-5 days after early application of seedling-promoting fertilizer. That is, 0. 1-0.3 kg of urea and sulfur-containing compound fertilizer can be added to diluted manure water or 50 kg of clean water, sprayed around the seedlings every five days and applied continuously for 3-4 times.

② Pre-applying strong fruit fertilizer When the vines grow to 0.5m long, the strong fruit fertilizer should be pre-applied in the ditch. The method is as follows: two ditches with a depth of 0. 15m and a width of 0.3-0.4m are opened in the center of the border, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 25-40 kg of fermented peanut bran and 0. 15m of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to each mu in the ditches. After that, it will be cultivated in an all-round way, and then covered with straw. Generally, no fertilizer is applied at flowering stage, so keeping the soil moist is beneficial to flowering and fruit setting.

(3) When the young melons grow to fist size after pollination, the expanded fruit fertilizer can be applied topdressing, and 0.2-0.4 kg urea and sulfur-containing compound fertilizer can be added to 50 kg decomposed manure water (or soaked peanut bran water) once every 5 days, and it can be applied continuously for 4-5 times.

④ Spraying borax 10g (or 5g boric acid), 50g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water 15kg with plant growth regulator in the multi-effect half bag three days before pollination is beneficial to melon planting; In addition, growth regulators such as triacontanol and American plant hormones can be used to promote the stable growth of melon vines and improve the yield and quality.

⑤ For varieties with rapidly expanding young fruits (such as Gui Bao 802), special attention should be paid to fertilization and water supply after pollination.

(7) After pruning, lead vines, and lead each melon vine to the other side of the border, and arrange it neatly to facilitate ventilation and light transmission; For the long vine, put it back after crossing the boundary. Pay attention to pruning, generally leave 1 ~ 2 main vines and secondary vines per plant, and remove the rest.

(8) Generally, the yield of artificially pollinated seedless watermelon is the highest when the third female flower is artificially pollinated. But if you want to produce early-maturing watermelons, you can also pollinate when the second female flower opens. Every morning at 6-9 o'clock, the male flowers of seedless watermelons are picked and put into containers such as flowerpots. When pollinating, the petals of the male flowers are picked, and the pollen is given to the stigma of the female flowers of seedless watermelons according to the ratio of 1: 1 ~ 2. About 5 days after pollination, the melon has grown to the size of a fist. At this time, the terminal buds of melon vines should be removed in time, and the redundant branch buds should be removed to ensure the centralized supply of nutrients for the development and expansion of small melons. Leave one melon for each watermelon, and at most two melons can be left.

(9) Integrated pest control

(1) implement the rotation system; Soil is the main route of disease transmission that seriously harms watermelon. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly implement crop rotation, and it is best to use paddy-upland crop rotation to reduce the probability of insect pests.

② Apply fertilizer reasonably, paying special attention not to apply nitrogen fertilizer unilaterally, not to apply organic fertilizer without compost, and not to apply organic fertilizer containing diseased plant residues.

③ Strictly disinfect the seeds.

④ When spraying root water, bactericide can be added to the water, which has a good effect on preventing diseases. Commonly used drugs are thiophanate-methyl, chlorpheniramine and guakunin.

⑤ Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests when they begin to occur. Commonly used fungicides are: kocide 2000 powder, chlorothalonil, Du Rui mold (ray Domil), Tobuzin, carbendazim, guakunin, Baitongtong, amantadine, chlorpheniramine, virus A and so on. Commonly used pesticides are dimethoate, dichlorvos and chlorfenapyr.

Key points of cultivation techniques of seedless watermelon. Early preparation

1. The sandy loam with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, abundant sunshine and fertile soil should be selected for the selection and preparation of Gua Tian. I haven't planted any other melons for 3-5 years. Gua Tian is deeply frozen in autumn and winter, and drains are opened. A week before planting, soil preparation and ridging were carried out, and 50kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of urea 10kg of potash fertilizer, 0/00 kg of cake fertilizer and 0/000-2000 kg of farm manure were applied per mu as base fertilizers, so that the edge of melon was leveled into a high edge with a width of 3.0-3.0.

2. Preparation and disinfection of nutrient soil requires fertility, complete nutrients, good air permeability, no insects, no bacteria and no grass seeds. 70% garden soil (without melon) is mixed with 30% decomposed compost, and 0.5 kg compound fertilizer is added to 100 kg nutrient soil to make nutrient soil. The prepared nutrient soil was disinfected with formalin and trichlorfon.

Second, timely sowing.

Seed soaking should be carried out when the tail is cold and the head is warm. The seeds should be fully aired one week before soaking, so as to improve the permeability of seed coat, improve the vitality of seeds, effectively kill pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface of seeds, reduce the occurrence of seedling diseases, and effectively improve the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ for about 2.0 hours under natural cooling. After thorough washing (rubbing with detergent or sand), break the umbilical cord with teeth or pliers to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, put the seeds at the temperature of 32-35℃ for 4-5 hours, then continue to accelerate germination at the temperature of 28-30℃, and start sowing when the seed buds grow to 65438+/-0.0 cm. The sowing method is as follows: The day before sowing, the nutrition bowl is fully watered with bottom water, and covered with plastic film for later use. When sowing, first drill a small hole about 1cm deep in the center of the nutrition bowl, with the bud tip facing down, stick the bud on one side of the soil, spread the seeds on the soil surface, then cover the soil with a thickness of about 1- 1.5cm, transplant the two leaves when they are combined, and plant the seedless watermelon with a spacing of 0.6-0.8m

2. Seedbed management

(1) Temperature management From sowing to emergence, the seedbed should be kept at a high temperature to facilitate rapid germination, and the temperature should be kept at 30℃. 5℃; After unearthed, the temperature in front of a leaf can be maintained at 20-25℃ to prevent excessive growth under high temperature and high humidity; After one leaf is combined, it should be ventilated and cooled gradually from small to large until it is consistent with the external environment, so as to cultivate strong seedlings and adapt them to the external conditions after transplantation.

(2) In the humidity management of the whole seedbed period, it is not recommended to replenish water in principle. If the lack of water affects the normal growth of seedlings, you can consider replenishing water in the seedbed. Replenishing water should be carried out in sunny morning, and it should be watered thoroughly at one time.

(3) Other management measures: ① Artificial hulling (uncapping): When seedless watermelons emerge, they are generally unearthed with shells. If it is not shelled in time, it will affect the normal growth of seedlings. Shelling should be carried out on the morning after the seedlings are unearthed. (2) Enclosing soil: After the seedlings are unearthed, in order to reduce the humidity of seedbed, prevent seedling diseases and prevent seedlings from lodging, 100 times of dry medicinal soil (methyl thiophanate) can be used to surround the roots.

Third, planting and early field management When the outside temperature is stable above 65438 05℃, the seedlings can be transplanted during the period of two leaves and one heart. Transplant should be done in sunny morning. The method is as follows: first, drill a hole in the planting site, put the seedlings into the hole, cover the surrounding area with fine soil, and pour enough water to take root. After planting, cover with plastic film. Seedless watermelon grows slowly at seedling stage and has poor disease resistance, so special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases during this period. Serious diseases and insect pests at seedling stage are Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, aphids, cutworms and so on.

Fourth, on-site management

1, fertilizer and water management The principle of fertilizer and water management for seedless watermelons is to promote first and then control. After the survival of field planting, the supply of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. At this time, the top dressing should be mainly available fertilizer, and 3-4 kilograms of urea should be applied per mu to promote its early development; When the vines grow to about 30cm, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water control, control their vigorous growth and promote their early fruit setting. 7- 10 days after fruit setting, topdressing in time, applying urea 5- 10kg, compound fertilizer 15-20kg and potassium fertilizer 10kg per mu to promote rapid fruit expansion. Fertilization can be applied in stages, supplemented by irrigation. At the initial stage of fruit expansion, water is poured every 3-4 days. At the peak of fruit expansion, irrigation times should be considered according to weather conditions. Irrigation is based on the principle of a small amount and many times, so as to reduce the occurrence of hollow deformed fruits, and not to be dry and wet.

2. Trim the vine when the main vine grows to about 70cm, trim the vine in time. Generally, 3-4 vines are used for pruning. Prune strictly before fruit setting to remove redundant lateral vines and sunny vines. After setting fruit, they are allowed to grow. During the growing period, if there is a lot of rain, you can consider covering the field with a layer of wheat straw or rape straw to fix the stems and vines, reduce the humidity in the field, and reduce the occurrence of rotten vines and diseases.

3, artificial pollination seedless need to use artificial pollination, pollination in the morning when the female flowers are fully open. When pollinating, the action should be gentle and the pollination amount should be sufficient and even, so as to improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the proportion of abnormal fruits. Cover pollination should be used in rainy days.

4. Seedless watermelons with thinning, padding and turning fruits have good fruit-setting habits, and one plant can bear multiple fruits, but the fruit with 15-30 knots is the best. The fruits at the nodes that are too close or too far away from the taproot are generally too small, hollow and deformed, and most of the fruits at the lower nodes will have more colored shriveled seeds, so the commercialization of the fruits is poor, and generally no seeds are left. Fruit thinning can be carried out after 5- 10 days, with 2-3 fruits per plant, and a pad should be placed under the reserved fruits to prevent mechanical damage and rotten fruits. 25 days after fruit setting, turn the fruit in time to promote the fruit to ripen evenly and have the same color.

5. The prevention and control of pests and diseases should adhere to the principle of putting prevention first and combining prevention with control. The main pests and diseases that harm watermelon are seedling diseases, anthracnose, blight and Fusarium wilt. The main pests are underground pests (including species flies, grubs, nematodes, etc. ), aphids, cabbage worms, tobacco worms, etc. For seedling diseases, methods such as soil disinfection, seed disinfection, reducing soil moisture and surrounding roots with medicinal soil should be adopted for prevention and control. Anthracnose and epidemic diseases mainly occur under the conditions of suitable temperature and high humidity, so special attention should be paid to the prevention and control with Bordeaux mixture at this time. Immediately after the onset, it should be treated with keside or 800 times green milk copper solution. Fusarium wilt should be prevented by avoiding continuous cropping or grafting. After the onset, the supply of fertilizer and water should be controlled, the diseased plants should be pulled out immediately, and the roots should be irrigated with 600 times solution of Tobuzin, Kangkuling and Reflux. Pest control: underground pests are mainly soil disinfection, artificial killing and trapping; Insecticides are generally used to control ground pests, while BT and mirex can be used for chemical control. Insecticides should often be used alternately to control pests and diseases.

5. Seedless watermelon can mature about 35 days after fruiting. At this time, ripe fruits can be harvested in batches and stages, and a short section of stems can be taken when harvesting. Fresh melons don't need to be put on the market immediately. They should be stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place for 3-5 days before they are put on the market. This will not only make the flesh color of melon better, but also make the skin thinner and taste better.