Textual research on the origin of Chang family in Nanyang, Henan Province

Wei Kangshu's Family History, Annals of Han Law, Tang Zongzhi, Compilation of Surnames, Surnames Dictionary, Tracing the Origin of Thousand Surnames, and Wansheng Genealogy all record the origin of Chang. There are three sources of Chang's family: one is from ancient times, and the ministers of the Yellow Emperor are all Chang Xian. Second, Kang Shu, the monarch of Wei, named his grandson "Chang", and later his grandson took "Chang" as his surname. Third, in the Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the imperial name, Chang surname was changed to Chang surname.

The Historical Records of Five Emperors records that the Yellow Emperor used Hou Feng, Li Mu, Chang Xian and Da Hong to govern the people. Legend has it that Da (the official in charge of engineering) is often the first of the Yellow Emperor. There is also a woman named Chang Yi, who is famous for observing the twilight, new moon, string and gaze of the moon. The Yellow Emperor sent Chang 'e and Chang 'e to observe the sun and the moon to understand the weather changes. "The Imperial Century" said that Chang Yi was the second princess and became wise. According to historical records, Li Shu, Suoyin and Huangdi made xi Zhanri and Chang 'e occupied the moon, all of which were astrology. Because the ancient (instrument) and (e) were common at the same time, some people thought that the fairy tale of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon was possessed by Chang 'e. A Qing Dynasty Zhang Shu said in the book Looking for Surnames: "The Yellow Emperor made Changyi occupy the moon, and sometimes he was a scholar first. Moreover, Cang Xie, Hou Feng and Changsheng are all ministers of the Yellow Emperor and have made great contributions to the invention of characters, so it is appropriate to have surnames. " Xuanyuanqiu, where the Yellow Emperor lived, is in the northwest of Xinzheng County, Henan Province, and the capital of Di Ku is in yanshi city, Henan Province. So China's earliest surname is from Henan Province.

According to relevant historical records, Chang descendants first settled in the Central Plains, and then moved to other places. There was a wise man in the Zhou Dynasty, Changzong, who was Lao Tzu's teacher. (For Shuo Yuan Shen, see Shuo Yuan Shu Zheng, East China Normal University Press, 1985). Laozi is from Luyi, Henan. He was a historian in charge of books in the Zhou Dynasty, so it was inferred that his teacher had been living in Henan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chang's surname rose in today's Shandong and Jiangsu areas and has been scattered all over the country.

In the Han Dynasty, a Chang family in the Central Plains settled in Taiyuan until the Song Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to avoid wars and natural disasters, Chang surnames in the Central Plains, like other surnames, migrated in all directions, some to Sun Wu in the south, and some to Sichuan in the southwest to take refuge in Shu Han founded by Liu Bei. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were Chang families in Shandong, Henan, Gansu and Sichuan. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many Chang families in Jiangyuan moved south to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). There is a constant surname in Hanoi county, which gradually became prominent from Wei Jin to Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the people of the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale to escape the war, which formed a far-reaching immigration tide in China history. The great migration of Central Plains residents lasted from the early year of Yongjia (307-3 13) to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are about a hundred families in the Central Plains, running around each other, and a large number of people go down with the river, reaching millions, including Chang's surname. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were Chang clan in western Liaoning and Chang clan in Levin. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Chang surname living in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) became increasingly prosperous. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Chang Yan, who lived in Xinfeng (now northeast of Lintong), became the prime minister of Yongtai, Tang Daizong. In the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains moved to Fujian twice, prompting people with Chang surname to go south to Fujian. During the Jingkang period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the war, the scholars of the Central Plains moved south on a large scale, and Chang's family was among them. After crossing the Yangtze River, the Central Plains was originally scattered in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei and other places, then moved to Fujian and Guangdong, and finally arrived in Yunnan and Guizhou. From Hongwu, Ming Taizu to Yongle, Ming Dynasty, in order to balance the population distribution, develop agricultural production and restore the economy of the Central Plains, it was decided to move to Shaanxi. The calendar is called "Hong Dong Touches People". Before departure, the relocated people gathered around the pagoda tree in Guangsheng Temple to talk about their feelings and pay homage to their homeland. Therefore, among the descendants of the relocated households, there is a question: "Where did my ancestors come from? Rumors of Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi Province. The ancestor of the regular immigrants was Lu 'anzhou, then the chief secretary of Shanxi Province. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they were called to gather near the locust tree of Guangsheng Temple in Hongtong County and moved to a different place. His descendants are distributed in today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong, northern Shaanxi, Anhui and other places. Tracing the Origin of Rural Surnames (edited by Lianhe Zhang, published in 1998) records: According to legend, the Changshi family in Changshou, Changzhuang and Changwan in Wugouying Town, Xiping County was originally a branch, and its ancestors moved to Xiping from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.

Chang's surname ranks 87th in China in terms of population order, accounting for about 0. 18% of the Han population in China. Widely distributed, especially in Henan, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Hebei. The common surnames in these five provinces account for about 63% of the Han population in China. Chang surname is not only the most popular surname of Han nationality, but also the surname used by ethnic minorities in some provinces and regions in ancient and modern times. Example: In the Sui Dynasty, the Shanshan right nationality had the Chang family; During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Malong House (now Malong) in Yunnan was called Chang and Yi. Yugur Changman surnamed Chang; Shui, Man, Yi, Hui, Mongolia, Dongxiang, Xibo and other ethnic groups also have common surnames.