What are the suggestive questions in the poem?

Author Li Zhenglian

In Tang and Song poetry, there are many implicit and connotative languages to express the theme, which is called the suggestibility of poetry.

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of suggestibility in poetry, one is suggestion and the other is sustenance. Qian Zhongshu said: "The meaning of the husband's words, poetry is vulgar, but there are implications and sustenance. The words in the poem are endless, and they need to be extended to enrich them. The so-called' inexhaustible' is also true. There is nothing in the poem, nothing is taken, and it is another matter to pool together. The former is guided by poetry, that is, it is contained in the text, while the latter is accompanied by poetry, so it is necessary to seek knowledge outside the text. Meaning is better than form and spirit, and it is like a shadow. " These words made a clear interpretation of the meaning and sustenance.

(A) recessive

Hints in poetry generally use image symbols to avoid direct description of the object, turn the perspective to the scenery around the object, and hint the character's character with the environment.

Try to read an autumn poem by Wang Changling, a poet in Tang Dynasty;

The plane tree leaves in Jinjingbian are yellow, and the night pearl curtain is not rolled out to see the frost.

Jade pillow jade pillow looks like a withered face, lying on your back and worrying about listening to the south temple-style leaking face.

This is a poem about palace grievances. With tactful and implicit brushstrokes, the author wrote a scene of a girl deprived of freedom and happiness, lying alone in the palace for a long night, listening to uterine leakage.

In this sleepless night, the people in the poem are full of worries and troubles, and endless grievances are beyond words. In this short 28-word poem, even if every word is written with resentment, it is difficult to express the resentment of the protagonist. Therefore, the poet simply does not write grievances, but expresses the theme with the help of scenery. The first three sentences are all about scenery, with the theme of the phoenix tree by the well and the yellow leaves in late autumn, rendering colors and setting off the atmosphere, showing readers a bleak and miserable environment. Then the bead curtain does not roll, and the night frost comes back to show that it is late at night. Then, with a turn of the pen, the perspective turned to the room, highlighting two representative daily necessities in the room, the cigarette cage and the jade pillow, and the most important thing was the word "colorless". Why is it "colorless" or worn? Or is the hero used to reading these things for nothing? In fact, in the case that the protagonist is bored, even if it is a jade carving, what is the significance for a lonely and painful person? Finally, the lonely girl stayed up all night, tossing and turning in the sound of clearing the leak. The man's sad mood here and now is self-evident.

In this poem "Autumn Poetry", the poet dyed the background and described the environment implicitly, but the last sentence objectively introduced the heroine's lying and listening to the palace leak. Don't complain, complain. Clever use of hints tells the meaning. This is the wonderful function of implication in poetry. If the whole article is full of complaints, it will be boring to read.

Let's enjoy the dream of Li Qingzhao, a poet in the Song Dynasty:

Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine. I asked the shutter man, but he said, "Haitang is still there." "You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. "

In this poem, the poet's words "It rained suddenly last night" and "It should be green, fat, red and thin" present the scene of late spring after the storm to the readers. The beauty of it is that the poet chose the words "fat" and "thin" instead of "more" and "less", which is particularly vivid. "Fat" and "thin" not only express the contrast content of the whole flower and leaf, but also show the individual form of flower and leaf. After the rain, leaves flourish and petals wither. "Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire" said: "You ask a question with deep affection, and the answer is' return'. The answer was extremely weak, and the sentence' Do you know' fell out, while' green fat red thin' was infinitely sad, but interesting. Short stories have numerous twists and turns and are naturally sacred to words. " No wonder, this word is a household name in the poetry circle, and it is well known in ancient and modern times. Its beauty lies in its narrative expression, and "sudden storm" and "green fat and red thin" convey feelings and feelings, achieving the dialectical unity of expressiveness and concealment.

(2) Entrustment

Entrustment is more subtle than suggestion. Implicit means hidden between the lines, there are traces to follow. On the other hand, in order to entrust the hints hidden in the context, readers must contact the specific context to find them, that is, Liu Xie's so-called "meaning comes from the outside".

Try Wang Wei's poem Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains.

The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.

The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.

The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.

Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.

This well-known masterpiece of landscape is endowed with the poet's noble feelings and the pursuit of ideal realm in poetry and painting.

"The empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening." Someone pointed out that the tranquility and freshness here are like a paradise. Everything is new at the beginning of Shan Yu. It is the evening after the rain in early autumn. The moon is in the sky, the breeze is blowing, the spring is singing and the trees are jumping. The beauty of the scenery is beyond description. The next song, "Bamboo Laundry Woman Return, Lotus Leaf Bends in front of Fishing Boat." It breaks the quiet atmosphere of the "empty mountain" here and tells people that there are a group of carefree, hardworking and kind people living under the pine and the bright moon and among the bamboos and violets. This pure and beautiful picture of life embodies the quiet and simple life ideal pursued by the poet.

In poetry, couplets and necklaces are both about scenery, but each has its own emphasis. Parallel couplets write things and neck couplets write people. Springs, pine trees, bamboo and lotus boats all reflect the poet's noble sentiments. Through the description of mountains and rivers, the poet entrusted himself with the pursuit of life, aiming at light, ambition and harmony with people. Rich in connotation and intriguing. "My friend's prince, spring has passed, and you are still here. What does it matter? "It expresses the poet's desire to endure mountains and forests.

On Feng Yansi s Ci "Golden Gate" in Northern Song Dynasty;

The spring breeze suddenly started and blew out a pool of clear water. Idle to attract Yuanyang incense trail, holding red apricots.

Duckfighting railing leans alone, and Biyu scratches his head obliquely. He missed his sweetheart all day, but he never came back, and suddenly he heard a magpie calling.

These words describe various patterns of women's lovesickness.

This word is roughly divided into three levels to express the theme.

The first level is the opening "The wind wrinkles a pool of spring water." It not only describes the natural scene, points out the seasons and explains the protagonist's living environment, but also implies that the protagonist is not calm in this beautiful spring. The sudden spring breeze seems to have caused ripples on the calm water. These two sentences describe the natural scenery, express feelings implicitly, and love and scenery are closely intertwined.

The second level describes the hero "wandering on the path of Yuanyang with a red almond in his hand." "Duckfighting railings lean alone, and Biyu scratches his head obliquely." A boring and lonely life. She teased Yuanyang for a while and watched ducks draw water for a while, which could not eliminate her emptiness at all. Because her mind is not on it at all. Where is it?

The third level answered the above question, "I can't see Jun Jun all day long, but I look up and smell magpies." Point out the topic and respond to the whole article. The reason why the heroine's life is so lonely is because "I can't watch Jun Jun all day long", and the pain of lovesickness is vividly on the paper. And "look up and smell happiness." Finally, her soul was entrusted. "Magpie calls, happy to come." Folklore says that when magpies crow, there will be happy events. For the heroine who lives in superior material conditions, the biggest happy event is to reunite with her husband. "Looking up and smelling the joy of the magpie" temporarily relieved the suffering of lovesickness and entrusted the heroine's hope for a happy life.

Yu, a famous scholar, said in "Art Creation Project": "Since all works of art cannot exist independently from the recipients, they should not be in a state of completion, but should reserve space for the recipients to enter and ambush a series of intentionally left vacancies." In other words, leaving the meaning and sustenance of the work to the aesthetic subject to think is more memorable than straightforward thinking.