What are the characteristics of European garden design?

Typical representatives of European garden design: Italian terraced gardens, French palace gardens and British natural landscape gardens. European garden design and gardening art strive to embody rigorous rationality and develop meticulously according to pure geometric structure and mathematical relationship. Western garden art puts forward three elements of "wholeness, harmony and uniqueness" and pursues rigor and rationality.

Italian gardens-unique terrace gardens. Features: terrace garden, distinguished. Italian terraced gardens make use of topographical features, build gardens by mountains and open up multi-storey terraces. This is convenient for high viewing angle. At the same time, there is a good axis plan when gardening. Plants, water bodies and sketches are regularly distributed under the control of the axis, with clear priorities and coordination. There are many landscape nodes in Italian gardens, such as gates, pavilions, flower stands, pools, fountains, sculptures, steps, retaining walls, niches, caves and vases. At the same time, it has a variety of functions, including common functions such as gazebo, garden and terrace, as well as special places such as amphitheater, fan park and citrus orchard. Meet the rich activity needs of the garden owner. Reflect the coordination of location and activities as carefully as possible.

Second, the French court garden-a regular garden. Features: rigorous geometric modeling and composition. French gardens belong to planar gardens with flexible and diverse positions. In gardening, the overall landscape axis is symmetrical, at the same time, it has a strong sense of perspective and has a unique treatment of waterscape. The ingenious planning of waterscape, especially the good use of running water, is to show the vitality of the garden. In terms of plants, there are various types of flower beds in French gardens, and the garden space is separated by hedges and jungles, which is harmonious and ingenious.

Third, the British garden-natural landscape painting. Features: Emphasis on nature. British garden design "advocates nature" has always been the law of British gardening, sublating the straight boulevard, geometric shape and symmetrical garden layout, replacing it with natural bushes and grasslands, winding rivers and roads, paying attention to the natural integration with the scenery outside the garden, and arranging the garden like a part of nature. This natural gardening technique is because the four seasons in the British Isles are basically cold and humid. Due to cloudy and foggy weather, people are eager for sunny weather, so the concept of advocating nature has been formed in British gardening. Influenced by romanticism, natural gardens attach great importance to the expression of emotions; Rosa-style painting, full of wild interest, desolation and melancholy, has become the blueprint of garden design. British people like natural scenery and pay attention to the integration of borrowing scenery and nature. The natural landscape has created the natural characteristics of English gardens.

Fourth, Spanish gardens-neat and rigorous. Features: the layout is neat and rigorous, and the atmosphere is quiet. Like other European countries near the Mediterranean, the Spanish garden style is characterized by a light or even white facade, a quiet courtyard and a red roof, which are particularly dazzling against the blue sky and white clouds. However, due to the long-term rule of Romans, Goths and Arabs, the landscape style of Spain is a mixture of European and Arabic styles, which reveals randomness and diversity in solemnity and mystery and strangeness in solemnity.