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Practice Report of Wan 'an Hydropower Station

On May 20th, 2007, we came to Wan 'an Hydropower Station in Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province for an internship with great excitement.

When we came to Wan 'an Hydropower Station with our bags on our backs. From a distance, I saw five bosses' generators neatly arranged on a dam by the Ganjiang River, listening to the sound of water. When we walked in, the sound of water became louder and louder, and my mood became more and more excited: although this is not the first time I have seen a hydropower station; But this is the first time to see such a large hydropower station, and it is also the first time to go to the hydropower station for internship; It is also the first time that I really came into contact with my major! The purpose of this internship is to let us have a perceptual and intuitive understanding of all kinds of instruments and equipment we have learned, so as to link and combine the theory in books with the technology in reality.

As far as I know:

Wan 'an Hydropower Station is located in the middle reaches of Ganjiang River, 2 kilometers away from wanan county, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, 90 kilometers away from Ganzhou and 320 kilometers away from Nanchang. The dam site controls the drainage area of 36900km2, accounting for 44% of the total drainage area of Ganjiang River. From left to right, the hub consists of non-overflow dam section on the left bank, overflow dam section on the surface hole, bottom hole discharge dam section, riverbed powerhouse dam section, non-overflow dam section on the right bank, ship lock, earth dam and irrigation canal heads on the left and right banks. The final design water level of Wan 'an Hydropower Station is1000 m, the total storage capacity of the reservoir is 22160,000 m3, and the initial operating water level is 96 m. In terms of power generation, the power station is equipped with 5 units, with a single unit capacity of1000 MW, and the ship lock is a 2×500-ton first-class ship lock. The effective size is175×14× 2.5m. The main works of Wan 'an Hydropower Station include earth excavation of 2.53 million m3, earth backfilling of 2.07 million m3, concrete pouring 1.5 1.000 m3, curtain grouting of 23000m and consolidation grouting of 23300m.

On the afternoon of 20th, when we entered the power station, we were warmly received by the leaders and employees of the power station. Then the leader told us about the situation of Wan 'an Power Station, matters needing attention and related regulations, and safety issues. We listened carefully, bearing in mind that because our major is electrical automation, we are practicing in a power plant this time. Anything touched in the power plant is likely to cause safety problems. If we don't listen to the command, the "electric tiger" will devour our young lives at any time.

2 1, our main internship task is to visit the power plant equipment: we visited the factory building first. The first thing that caught our eye was five generator sets and some control equipment. The technician introduced the generator system and some automation equipment to us. Looking at such a big machine, I lamented that I would live with them in the future. Give me a hug! The technician then introduced some knowledge of equipment and power system relay protection. I learned a lot about relay protection from technicians and the materials I consulted: (1) Current relay is a relay that acts in response to the change of current. Commonly used typical electromagnetic current relay is DL? -10 series, used for overload and short-circuit protection devices of motors, transformers and transmission lines. As an instantaneous starting element, it is constructed as a rotating tongue electromagnetic relay;

(2) Voltage relay It is a relay that responds to the change of voltage. The typical electromagnetic voltage relay is DL series, which is used to reflect the voltage increase and decrease of generators, transformers, lines and motors. (3) Time relay, which is a typical DS- 1 10 series time relay, is a time element for relay protection device to act at the exit after a certain delay; (4) Intermediate relay In the relay protection device, the intermediate relay is used to increase the number and capacity of contacts to meet the needs of auxiliary relays with insufficient contact number and capacity of the main relay; It can also be used when the contact action or return time is not long (generally 0.4——0.8s); Or through the self-holding of its relay, the need of switching between protection device and protection circuit can be met. Technicians also showed us around other substation equipment such as voltage and current transformers, which made us know more. We visited the top, and with the help of technicians, we reached the bottom. Rumble is the main theme, and the huge hydraulic turbine is the main perspective. Connecting the turbine is a pressure pipeline, which refers to the pipeline that transports water from the reservoir, forebay or surge chamber to the turbine. Its general characteristics are large slope, high internal water pressure and bearing the hydrodynamic pressure of water hammer.

1. Superstructure

The superstructure of the main workshop includes floor slab and its beam-column system, crane beam and frame, roof and retaining wall. Its main function is to bear the weight of equipment, live load and snow load, and transfer them to the edge structure.

2. Foundation

The substructure of the workshop includes volute, draft tube and pier wall. For the riverbed powerhouse, the substructure also includes the water inlet structure. Its main function is to bear the water load, form the foundation of the factory building, undertake the superstructure and power generation supporting structure, and transfer the load distribution to the foundation and seepage control.

3. The generator supporting structure,

The function of generator support structure is to bear the weight and dynamic load of unit equipment and transfer it to the lower structure.

I saw the nameplate of the hydraulic turbine: the model of the hydraulic turbine is HLA 296-LJ- 172, the rated power 16490kW, the design head is 6705m, the design flow is 26.9 m3/s, the weight is 38.6t, and the rated speed is 375r/min. The loud noise prevented us from hearing the explanation of the technicians. Finally, we came to the dam, listening to the rumble of water and watching the waves in diving pool. Very happy! We don't want to go back because of the hot weather and the wind blowing on the dam. In this way, after a general inspection of the whole equipment in the hydropower station, we walked out of the factory and ended the morning class.

2 1 afternoon, led by technicians, we returned to the factory building. The technicians explained the hydraulic turbine system and some automation equipment in detail this time. I secretly saw that the model of the turbine was ZZ440-LH-850, with rated flow of 550m3/s and rated speed of 76.9r/min. Technicians told us that the main shaft seal of hydraulic turbine can be divided into maintenance seal and working seal, in which the maintenance seal is rubber. The technician said that in order to ensure the normal operation of the thin oil lubricated bearing, a sealing device must be adopted under the guide bearing to prevent the pressure water from infiltrating into the guide bearing between the spindle and the top cover and damaging the normal operation of the guide bearing. Therefore, the quality of sealing device is the key problem of the work of thin oil lubricated guide bearing. The technician also said that when there is no pressure in the lower cavity of the sealing block, the sealing block can fall to the bottom by its own weight. When pressurized water is introduced into the lower cavity of the piston, the sealing block rises to the top under the action of water pressure, which hinders the leakage flow between the top cover and the spindle. At the same time, water flows to the upper end of the sealing block through the through hole: when the sealing block contacts with the rotating ring, a flowing water film is generated between the contact surfaces, and only a small part of water flows out. At the same time, this certain amount of water leakage also ensures that the sealing block will not be burned due to overheating of dry grinding, and the spindle seal has a sealing effect. When the unit is overhauled or shut down, the overhaul seal is put into use, and the compressed air of 0.6-0.7Mpa passes into the belt, and its unconstrained part bulges out under pressure and is in close contact with the main shaft cover, thus blocking the passage of tail water into the top cover of the turbine and playing a sealing role. In this way, bit by bit, we finished watching the main shaft of the turbine.

In the explanation of teachers and technicians, we walked out of the factory and ended the first day of internship.

I am too excited to sleep at night. In my eyes, my mind is full of water turbines and all kinds of equipment. ........

In the next few days, I also saw the turbine host system, fan system, page wheel page and so on.

Through these days of internship, I have a deep understanding and benefited a lot. To sum up, some experiences:

(A) to really experience the work is not as imagined, it is not an easy thing. Get up on time every morning and go to work by bus.

(2) What used to be empty in books is much clearer now. I really feel the connotation of the sentence "Practice makes true knowledge". What I have personally practiced is something I will never forget, which is also the fundamental reason why human beings can live better;

(3) From a small perspective, we should not be careless and have no chance to make mistakes, so we should work hard every day. I am fully aware of the importance of doing a good job. Before doing anything, we should fully consider all aspects of the work, especially those who study science and engineering, and treat things with logical thinking and meticulous attitude. For example, when we practice with staff in a power station, we must be serious and responsible, record those data and check whether those units are operating normally. After recording some data, we must analyze them. These are all things that technicians must do well. Because the analysis of the data can find some problems that will occur in the operation of the unit as early as possible, so as to do a good job of inspection, otherwise, if the unit fails, the loss will be quite huge;

(4) I deeply understand the importance of learning the major well, because we are studying electrical automation, which is closely related to electricity. If you are not careful, small aspects will endanger your life, and big aspects will cause great losses to the country;

(5) Learn to be open-minded, because you can really learn things by asking with an open mind, and you can make rapid progress by asking with an open mind. We should learn from our experienced predecessors and their working attitudes and principles. This will save us a lot of detours

(6) I realize that unity and mutual assistance are crucial.

Generally speaking, I dare not say that I learned everything about hydropower stations in this internship, but what I learned and felt was that I benefited from a fortune all my life. So I firmly believe that as long as I dig hard, try bravely and consult carefully, I will certainly gain more and be inspired. Only in this way can I accumulate more rich knowledge and valuable experience for my future work and life.

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Internship report

School: Xichang College

Department: Engineering Department 05 Electrical Automation

Intern: Fu Min.

Old teacher: teacher

From June 5438+February 15 to June 5438+09, 2006, we went to the Jindongzi Hydropower Station in Mianning County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province for an internship with excitement.

When we walked into the power station with our bags. I saw two thick red water pipes in the distance and heard the rumble of water. When we walked in, the sound of water became louder and louder, and my mood became more and more excited: after all, this was the first time I saw a hydropower station; It is also my first internship at a hydropower station; It is also the first time that I really came into contact with my major! The purpose of this internship is to let us have a perceptual and intuitive understanding of all kinds of instruments and equipment we have learned, so as to link and combine the theory in books with the technology in reality.

As far as I know, Mianning Jindongzi Hydropower Station is the third cascade hydropower station developed in the main stream of Anning River, located in the upper reaches of Anning River, and its intake is connected with the tail water of Guanyinyan Hydropower Station. The factory building is on the other side near Julong Town. The design head of the power station is 5 1.5m, the quoted flow is 55m3/s, the installed capacity is 24000kW (2× 12000kW), the guaranteed output is1/800kw, the annual utilization hour is 6070H, and the annual power generation is1. The total project is from the water intake hub to the factory along the 108 highway, 20 kilometers from the factory to Lugu town, and 0/4 kilometers from Mianning county, with very convenient transportation. The terrain and geological conditions in the project area are superior, the project is relatively simple, the construction period is short, and the construction period is 2 years. The local building materials (sand and gravel) are abundant and can be used locally. After the power station is completed for power generation, it can be incorporated into the national grid on the spot, with a total static investment of RMB 0.510.64 million per kilowatt.

When we entered the power station, we were warmly received by the leaders and employees of the power station. Then, the leader told us the precautions and relevant regulations for entering the factory. We listened carefully and kept it in mind. Because our major is electrical automation, this time we are practicing in a power plant. If we don't listen to the instructions, the "electric tiger" will devour our young lives at any time.

On the afternoon of June 5438+05, our main internship task was to visit the power station equipment. First, we climbed to the mountainside and visited diving pool. Listening to the rumble of water and looking at the numerous eddies in the diving pool, I suddenly got the creeps. I not only grasped the railing with both hands, but also took a step back. I looked at my classmates again. Everyone was very nervous, watching the water pour into two huge pipes. At this time, the technician told us that the head height here is 57 meters and the flow rate of each pipe is 27 cubic meters per second. Looking at this scene, I am both awed and sighed! Such a huge project was created by the hard work and wisdom of the people. Cutting mountains, drilling tunnels, diverting water and generating electricity have created their own beautiful homes since childhood.

Then we visited the transformer. As soon as we entered, we heard a hissing sound. I asked my classmate where the noise came from, and he told me that the noise was caused by high-voltage electricity penetrating the air. I know: high voltage needs high voltage to break through the air. Assuming that the pole is 5 meters high and the relative humidity is 25%, it takes 15× 106V to penetrate the air of 5 meters. If the relative humidity is 95% (when it rains), a lightning strike high voltage of 5× 106V (1000V/mm) is required to break through 5m air. I can't help walking further away from the transformer. The technician then introduced some knowledge of equipment and power system relay protection. I learned a lot about relay protection from technicians and the materials I consulted: (1) Current relay is a relay that acts in response to the change of current. Commonly used typical electromagnetic current relay is DL? -10 series, used for overload and short-circuit protection devices of motors, transformers and transmission lines. As an instantaneous starting element, it is constructed as a rotating tongue electromagnetic relay;

(2) Voltage relay It is a relay that responds to the change of voltage. The typical electromagnetic voltage relay is DL series, which is used to reflect the voltage increase and decrease of generators, transformers, lines and motors. (3) Time relay, which is a typical DS- 1 10 series time relay, is a time element for relay protection device to act at the exit after a certain delay; (4) Intermediate relay In the relay protection device, the intermediate relay is used to increase the number and capacity of contacts to meet the needs of auxiliary relays with insufficient contact number and capacity of the main relay; It can also be used when the contact action or return time is not long (generally 0.4——0.8s); Or through the self-holding of its relay, the need of switching between protection device and protection circuit can be met. Technicians also showed us around other substation equipment such as voltage and current transformers, which made us know more.

2 Practice Report of Jindongzi Hydropower Station

Next, we visited the factory building. The first thing you see is two sets of generator sets and some control equipment. I looked at the nameplate of the hydrogenerator: model SF16-1613300. Rated current 1035A, rated capacity 18823.5kVA, rated voltage 10500V, rated power factor 0.85 (hysteresis), rated frequency 50HZ, phase number 3, total motor weight 1 16t, flying. I also looked at the control equipment around me, and recorded the running state of the generator, such as temperature, pressure, input and output current, voltage and so on. Jindongzi Hydropower Station is a newly-built small and medium-sized automatic hydropower station, which started operation in April 2006. Checking the running state requires a lot of data, so the staff and technicians here must read and check the meter regularly. While working, they explained the working status of related equipment and answered all kinds of questions we raised. We learned the purpose and principle of those excitation cabinets from them, and also learned a lot of methods to check the equipment. I benefited a lot from listening to their stories.

After we visited the top, we reached the bottom with the help of technicians. Rumble is the main theme, and the huge hydraulic turbine is the main perspective. Connecting the turbine is a pressure pipeline, which refers to the pipeline that transports water from the reservoir, forebay or surge chamber to the turbine. Its general characteristics are steep slope, high internal water pressure and bearing the hydrodynamic pressure of water hammer.

1. Superstructure

The superstructure of the main workshop includes floor slab and its beam-column system, crane beam and frame, roof and retaining wall. Its main function is to bear the weight of equipment, live load and snow load, and transfer them to the edge structure.

2. Foundation

The substructure of the workshop includes volute, draft tube and pier wall. For the riverbed powerhouse, the substructure also includes the water inlet structure. Its main function is to bear the water load, form the foundation of the factory building, undertake the superstructure and power generation supporting structure, and transfer the load distribution to the foundation and seepage control.

3. The generator supporting structure,

The function of generator support structure is to bear the weight and dynamic load of unit equipment and transfer it to the lower structure.

I saw the nameplate of the hydraulic turbine: the model of the hydraulic turbine is HLA 296-LJ- 172, the rated power 16490kW, the design head is 6705m, the design flow is 26.9 m3/s, the weight is 38.6t, and the rated speed is 375r/min. We couldn't hear the technicians clearly because of the loud noise. Finally, we visited the pressurizing equipment and filtering equipment. In the explanation of teachers and technicians, we walked out of the factory and ended the first day of internship.

I am too excited to sleep at night. In my eyes, my mind is full of water turbines and all kinds of equipment. ........

In the next few days, our main task is to read meters and check the operation of equipment with technicians in the electric power field. I went to the internship with them with questions. Many questions on my first day gradually became clear. On the first day, I didn't understand why the oil-immersed transformer was so huge. The technician told me that it was for the convenience of heat dissipation. And those devices are automatically controlled, basically computer-controlled. Secondly, I never understood why there were those pressure devices, and finally I understood. That is, oil pressure is applied to the unit to lubricate and cool the unit. During my internship these days, I was most surprised that such a medium-sized hydropower station only has more than 20 employees. It is said that electric fields like this need hundreds of employees to manage well, but Jindongzi Hydropower Station adopts automatic control, which fully saves manpower and material resources.

Through these days of internship, I have a deep understanding and benefited a lot. To sum up, some experiences:

(1) What used to be empty in books is much clearer now. I really feel the connotation of the sentence "Practice makes true knowledge". What I have personally practiced is something I will never forget, which is also the fundamental reason why human beings can live better;

(2) Focus on small things and fully realize the importance of doing your job well. Before doing anything, we should fully consider all aspects of our work, especially those of us who study science and engineering. We should treat things with logical thinking and meticulous attitude. For example, when we practice with staff in a power station, we must be serious and responsible, record those data and check whether those units are operating normally. After recording certain data, we should analyze it. These are all things that technicians must do seriously, because analyzing the data can find some problems that will occur in the operation of the unit as soon as possible, so as to do a good job of inspection. Otherwise, if the unit goes bankrupt, the loss will be considerable;

(3) I deeply realized the importance of learning professional knowledge, because we are studying electrical automation, which is closely related to electricity. If you are not careful, small aspects will endanger your life, and big aspects will cause great losses to the country;

(4) I realize that unity and mutual assistance are crucial.

During my internship at the hydropower station, I dare not say that I learned everything about the hydropower station, but what I learned and felt was that I benefited from a fortune all my life.