There were thermos bottles in Song Dynasty? Ask god for help

Bloom is warm in spring, the ice and snow melt, and the weather gets warmer gradually. On my way to work this morning, I saw many pedestrians walking in the sun wearing cotton-padded jackets. I don't know if it was affected by the heavy snow during the Spring Festival in 2008. This once-in-50-year heavy snow has made hot water have a market. At that time, I saw someone taking tea out of the car with a thermos bottle. In the cold and hunger, a cup of hot water is a timely help. "Selling tea with a bottle" was an independent business in the Song Dynasty. "Selling tea by lifting bottles" was not only a modern business in the Song Dynasty, but also an independent business in the catering industry. In the Song Dynasty, Mr. Meng recorded in Sleeping in Tokyo: "Only after midnight can a tea seller get a bottle." Gaidu people are private and don't come home late at night. "Honor is doing things, and people who do private things in the middle of the night return, which is the moment when the tea seller's business is extremely prosperous. Moreover, the business of "selling tea in a bottle" is not limited by seasons. There is business in hot summer, but business is still hot in cold winter. Why? According to Mr. Zhu Kezhen, the authority of meteorology, the Northern Song Dynasty in the 1 1 century was one of the coldest periods in China's history, with constant snowfall and freezing people to death. Sometimes it snows for months, even in spring, and even kills birds. However, ancient and modern warm-keeping measures are limited. Do people in Song Dynasty like to drink cold water in winter? Of course not! It is said that thermos bottles existed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the reason why "selling tea with bottles" also has business in winter is because they sell boiling hot tea. In the Song Dynasty, it was very important to pour hot soup into a bowl and "open" tea or tea cakes for drinking. Cai Xiang's Tea Record said: "If you want to order tea, you must make it hot first, and then the tea will not float if it is cold. "So it is impossible for Leng Cha to have a market in winter nights, and in extremely cold winter nights, if there are no effective insulation measures, even if the tea container is wrapped in a thick quilt, the tea will not be insulated. According to "Jian Yizhi", the thermos bottle in Song Dynasty has the prototype of today's thermos bottle, which is the earliest record of ancient thermos bottle in China. Song Huizong, who was successfully plated with "gold" by a tin smith, gave a generous reward to Hong Mai (1 123- 1202) in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Jian Yizhi, he wrote: "Zhang Yuqing, the grandson of Wen Dinggong and Qi Xian, lives in Xiaoshui Town, Yiyang County, Xijing. He got an ancient earthenware bottle in the soil, which is very dark in color and quite loved. It's very cold to grow flowers in the library in winter. I forgot to remove water overnight, which means it's frozen and cracked. I'll see it tomorrow. Everyone who has water in other things is frozen except this bottle. It's different. Try the soup. It's not cold all day. Zhang still went out to entertain guests, put the bottle in the basket and poured water into the tea, all like newly cooked people. It is natural to know the secret from the beginning, but after cherishing it, it was broken by a drunken servant. It is similar to ordinary pottery, but the bottom of the clip is two inches thick. The ghost fire is burning, and the description is very detailed. No one can know what it is. "This ancient bottle has a bottom clip to prevent heat conduction. In addition, "Jian Yizhi" also records that Song Huizong gave the little eunuch ten purple glass bottles and asked the little eunuch to order craftsmen to plate a layer of gold in the bottles. The craftsmen all said that they couldn't do it, saying, "If there is gold inside, you should iron it with a soldering iron to make the gold smooth. But the bottleneck of the glass bottle is too narrow for the soldering iron to reach the right position. And the glass bottle is brittle and thin, so it can't be pinched by hand. If it must be gilded, the bottle will definitely break. We would rather be convicted. I dare not accept this job. "Later, the little eunuch saw the exquisite process of tin plating on pottery among the people. I tried to get them a glass bottle to help him gild the inner wall. The blacksmith asked the little eunuch to pick it up the next day. Sure enough, the glass bottle was plated the next day. The little eunuch asked the blacksmith to enter the palace with him and reported the matter to the emperor. The emperor summoned all the craftsmen in the palace. See how the tinsmith gilds. Look, the blacksmith took a piece of gold, forged it as thin as paper, wrapped it outside the bottle, quickly peeled off the gold foil wrapped in the bottle, fixed it on silver chopsticks, inserted it into the bottle, slowly dropped mercury into the bottle, and then covered the bottle mouth. Shake it back and forth to fill the bottle with mercury. All the gold foils were stuck on the inner wall without gaps. The blacksmith also told the emperor that glass was an instrument that could not withstand the impact of hard objects, and only soft and heavy mercury was not damaged. The emperor gave the blacksmith a generous reward. From the above two examples, we can know that the vacuum flask in the Northern Song Dynasty has the prototype of today's vacuum flask because it has all the conditions, such as glass and mercury, which are necessary for making vacuum flask, in the Song Dynasty. Earlier, it was said that women in Song Dynasty used mercury to remove body odor and used it as perfume. In the Song Dynasty, the refining technology of mercury was really high. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tang Shenwei's "Rebuilding the Standby Materia Medica of Political and Historical Evidence" recorded: "If you build a furnace, place sand in the middle, take water from the bottom, cover it with a horn, and add fire to solidify it, then smoke will fly on the top and mercury will slide on the bottom. "It is about how to extract mercury. In the Southern Song Dynasty, mercury smelting had developed to large-scale production. Coloured glaze was also widely used in Song Dynasty. In the trade with other countries, you can see the record of "coloured glaze". For example, in the trade with Iran in the Song Dynasty, glazed products were used more every time. For another example, in the first year of Daoguang (995), there were 20 small glass jars for eye drops, 3 glass jars for white sugar, 6 glass jars for Millennium dates, 20 glass jars for Schisandra chinensis and peach on board 1 jar, and 20 glass jars for rose water. All in glass bottles. What was the thermos bottle like in the Song Dynasty? Is the thermos in Song Dynasty the same as that in modern times? So far, the thermos bottle of Song Dynasty has not been unearthed, but according to some archaeological data, we can infer the general appearance of thermos bottle products of Song Dynasty. For example, from the perspective of tea drinking bottles in Song Dynasty, the shapes are mostly wide-mouthed, drum-shaped, flat-bottomed and short-flowing, and a cylindrical handle is installed on the abdominal wall at 90 degrees to the flow direction. In addition, the Song Dynasty bottles unearthed from the ancient well of Huancheng River in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province have a short neck, a long shoulder, a long abdomen and a small circle (or a small flat bottom). However, it is only speculation, and it remains to be seen to know the true face of the thermos bottle in the Song Dynasty.