Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - What are the hazards of haze weather? What are the hazards of smog?

What are the hazards of haze weather? What are the hazards of smog?

Lead: As we all know, smog is the result of the interaction between specific climatic conditions and human activities, because the economic and social activities of high-density population will emit a large number of fine particles. So, how much do you know about the harm of smog weather? What is the harm of smog? Let's have a look.

Haze weather hazard

First, it affects health. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric particles. Among them, aerosol particles with a diameter less than 10 micron are harmful to human health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate and organic aerosol particles. Can directly enter and adhere to the upper and lower respiratory tract and lung lobe of human body. Because most atmospheric aerosols in smog can be inhaled by human respiratory tract, especially submicron particles will be deposited in upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing diseases such as rhinitis and bronchitis, and long-term exposure to this environment will also induce lung cancer. In addition, because ultraviolet rays in sunlight are the only way for human body to synthesize vitamin D, the weakening of ultraviolet radiation directly leads to the high incidence of rickets in children. In addition, ultraviolet light is the main weapon to kill atmospheric microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in nature. Hazy weather leads to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which is easy to enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

Second, it affects mental health. Hazy weather is easy to make people feel pessimistic. If it is not adjusted in time, it will easily get out of control.

The third is to affect traffic safety. When there is haze weather, outdoor visibility is low, pollution continues, traffic jams and accidents occur frequently.

The fourth is to affect the regional climate. Regional extreme weather events occur frequently and meteorological disasters occur one after another. What is even more worrying is that smog has also accelerated the early arrival of photochemical smog pollution in cities. Photochemical smog is a kind of light blue smog. Automobile exhaust and factory exhaust contain a lot of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. These gases will undergo photochemical reactions under the action of sunlight and ultraviolet rays, resulting in photochemical smog. Its main components are a series of oxidants, such as ozone, aldehydes and ketones. It is very toxic and has a strong stimulating effect on the human body. In severe cases, people will have difficulty breathing, decreased vision, hand and foot convulsions and other phenomena.

Drought and haze provide a more possible environment for photochemical smog. Strong sunshine, low flowing air and low humidity make it impossible for all kinds of pollutants in the city to spread in time. Hazy weather will increase the probability of photochemical smog and cause secondary air pollution.

Matters needing attention in foggy weather

Drink more water and stop doing morning exercises.

Relevant medical experts remind the public that smog weather will affect their health and they should drink more soup. People who have the habit of doing morning exercises had better stop doing morning exercises or choose to do outdoor sports in the afternoon and evening.

Drink more soup and keep the room ventilated.

First, after work or holidays, you can take more time to go for a walk and exercise outdoors with fresh air;

Second, drink plenty of water to keep the respiratory tract moist. In addition, dry weather is easy for bacteria to gather, so keep indoor ventilation;

Third, making soup is also a magic weapon for "drought resistance". Lily, soft-shelled turtle, fish and other materials can be used to cook some soup for nourishing yin and moistening lung.

Fourth, try to wear a mask when going out (once or many times).

Cause analysis of haze weather

1, a large number of air pollutants discharge is the internal cause of haze weather.

China's PM2.5 concentration has always been at a high level in the world, and its environmental capacity is small, which is conducive to the formation of haze weather.

The satellite remote sensing map of the global average annual PM2.5 concentration shows that China's PM2.5 concentration ranks among the top in the world, and the level of PM2.5 concentration in North China Plain ranks first in the world (except some desert areas).

The continuous increase in air pollutant emissions is the main reason for the increase in the frequency of haze weather.

The formation period of smog weather in China is roughly synchronized with the industrialization process. After 1975, the number of haze days in China increased obviously, and it continued to increase from 2000 to 20 13.

The occurrence of smog pollution is closely related to economic activities. By analyzing the relevant data of 30 provinces and 1 12 cities in China, it is found that the proportion of industrial added value has a significant impact on smog pollution and PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere.

At the same time, the emission of air pollutants is also increasing. Taking SO2 as an example, the emission of China increased by 97.84% from 1980 to 20 10.

The emission of air pollutants per unit area in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions is more than five times the average level in other regions, resulting in frequent smog weather in the three places.

The increase of vehicle ownership and its corresponding exhaust emissions have a significant impact on smog pollution and PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere.

By the end of 20 16, the number of cars in China had reached1940,000, an increase of 88 million compared with the end of 2010.

The gasoline consumption in 20 16 is 654.38+200 million tons, which is 43 million tons more than that in 20 1 1 year, resulting in an increase in automobile exhaust emissions year by year.

Taking Beijing as an example, NOX, VOCS and PM2.5 emitted by motor vehicle exhaust account for 58%, 40% and 22% of the total pollutants in the corresponding categories respectively.

In some areas of northern China, coal is used for heating in winter. Due to the low thermal efficiency and poor thermal insulation performance of houses, coal consumption and pollutant emissions have increased greatly.

According to the related data of China Heating Furnace Industry Development Report (20 16), about 93 million rural households in China use decentralized heating in winter, of which about 66 million households use coal for heating, and the annual consumption of loose coal is about 200 million tons, of which the poor loose coal with high ash and sulfur accounts for more than 80%.

The popularization rate of energy-saving and environmental protection stoves is only 23%, and the pollutant emission from direct combustion of loose coal is about 10 times that of coal-fired industrial boilers with the same weight.

Building construction and road traffic dust also play a role in the formation of haze weather. According to the information released by Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, from 20 12 to 20 13 years, 14.3% of PM2.5 in Beijing's atmosphere comes from urban dust every year.

2. Bad meteorological conditions and terrain are important external factors for the formation of haze weather.

Under normal circumstances, the self purification of atmospheric particles is gradually dissipated through diffusion, transportation outside the region and sedimentation.

Under unfavorable meteorological and topographical conditions, pollutant emissions exceed the self-purification capacity and carrying capacity of the atmosphere, and the concentration of particulate pollutants will continue to rise, resulting in haze weather.