Lightning protection and safety knowledge

Lightning protection and electrical safety knowledge 1 1. Where is it easy to be struck by lightning?

Generally speaking, places with low soil resistivity and obvious changes in soil resistivity are prone to lightning strikes. Areas with metal deposits, river beds, groundwater, underground outlets, hillsides and paddy fields, hillsides and foothills, rivers, lakes, coasts, low-lying areas and places with high groundwater levels are all vulnerable to lightning strikes. Some isolated tall buildings (structures) such as iron towers and chimneys are also vulnerable to lightning strikes. When a thunderstorm comes, because the trees are taller, they are vulnerable to lightning. Stay away from trees in thunderstorm weather, and try to squat down with your feet together. Why does the bathroom become a lightning strike area? At home, the water pipes in the bathroom are mostly metal bodies with strong conductivity, so in a thunderstorm, the bathroom naturally becomes a lightning-prone area in the home. Moreover, the solar water heaters installed on the roofs of most citizens are not connected with lightning protection equipment. Some solar water heaters are equipped with high iron frames for good lighting. In the case of thunder, the water heater may become a "lightning rod", causing lightning strikes.

Second, how to first aid after being struck by lightning

After being struck by lightning, you can take the following measures for first aid:

1. The injured person lies flat and unbuttons his belt.

2. Immediately perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions until the patient wakes up.

3. Hand-guided or acupoints such as Renzhong, Xuan Shi, Yongquan and Mingmen.

4. Send to the hospital for emergency treatment. Don't shelter from the rain under the tree during a thunderstorm. Don't go into the hut during a thunderstorm. Don't overload the power cord. Don't wipe the lamp holder with wet hands and wet cloth. The air is humid in thunderstorm season, which is the season of frequent electric shock accidents. Everyone should replace the old or damaged wires in time to prevent accidents such as hanging upside down and leakage, which will harm personal safety. Relevant experts answered questions about lightning protection, prevention of accidental electric shock, safe use of electricity, electric shock first aid and other knowledge.

Third, how to prevent lightning strikes in thunderstorm days

Some people think that as long as lightning rods and lightning belts are installed in buildings, people and equipment in buildings will not be struck by lightning. This view is wrong. First of all, the lightning rod has a certain protection range. When the building is beyond the protection range of lightning rod, it is not protected by lightning rod. Secondly, whether the performance of lightning rod meets the technical requirements, such as material specifications and grounding resistance. If it loses its function due to disrepair, it will not only fail to achieve the lightning protection effect, but will increase the probability of being struck by lightning. Furthermore, lightning rods can only protect buildings from lightning strikes, but not people and equipment in buildings from lightning strikes. Lightning rods can only release 50% of the lightning energy into the ground, and the remaining 50% of the energy will be released into the ground through various pipelines and equipment through induction and energy coupling.

Fourth, what should I pay attention to when encountering strong lightning?

When encountering lightning, pay attention to the following points:

1. If you happen to be at home when there is strong lightning, it is recommended not to venture out. Don't use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer the phone.

2. If you are in the wild, you should immediately look for a shelter, and take a concrete building with a lightning rod, a steel frame or a steel plate as a lightning protection place, or a vehicle with a complete metal compartment.

3. When there is no shelter, don't go near the open space, and don't go near the lonely tree on the top of the mountain, which is the most vulnerable place to be struck by lightning. Don't stay in open waters and boats; Try to avoid tall trees and forest edges, around wires and flagpoles, and near high objects without lightning protection equipment, such as haystacks and tents. Don't get close to huge metal objects such as railway tracks and long metal railings, and don't stay at the top of the mountain and commanding heights.

4. During the lightning, it is best not to ride horses, bicycles or motorcycles; Don't carry metal objects in the open air; Do not go near any part of lightning protection equipment.

5. If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, try to reduce the center of gravity and the contact area between the human body and the ground. You can squat down, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees, lean forward, and never lie on the ground, trenches or pits. If you can wear a raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better. People in the wild, whether moving or static, should be separated by a few meters, not crowded together, or they can hide in bigger caves.

6. Note that when your hair stands up or your skin vibrates, you may be struck by lightning, so you should fall to the ground immediately. People who are struck by lightning may be burned or severely shocked, but they will not be charged and can be rescued safely.

7. Never use your mobile phone when it is thundering!

What are the measures to prevent electrical fire accidents?

The following measures can be taken to prevent electrical fire:

1. Avoid overloading the household power cord, and replace the worn and aging power cord in time to avoid accidents; General insurance of household power supply and household insurance should be reasonably configured to protect household appliances.

2. When the room is decorated, the power cord hidden in the wall should be placed in a special flame-retardant sheath, and the cross section of the power cord should meet the load requirements.

3. Household electric heating equipment and heating equipment must be far away from gas tanks. When gas leakage is found in the gas pipeline, the window should be opened for ventilation first. If the power supply cannot be connected, professionals should be asked to repair it in time.

4. When using electric irons, soldering irons and other electric heating devices, be sure to stay away from flammable materials. After use, cut off the power supply and unplug the electrical appliance to prevent accidents.

5. When there is a fire in household appliances, cut off the power supply before extinguishing the fire to prevent electric shock.

Why should we prevent electric shock accidents in summer?

How to prevent hot summer and frequent use of household appliances? In high temperature season, people sweat a lot, and their hands often sweat. Sweat is conductive. Therefore, in summer, we should pay special attention to:

1. Do not move running household appliances, such as desk fans, washing machines, televisions, etc. If you need to move, please turn off the switch and unplug it.

2. Don't repair live lines or equipment at home by hand. Please put on your shoes and gloves if you need live maintenance.

3. For electrical appliances that are often used in summer, such as electric shower, desk fan, washing machine, etc. Some practical measures should be taken to prevent electric shock, such as often testing whether the metal shell is charged with an electric pen and installing an electric shock protector (leakage switch).

4. If water enters the house unexpectedly, cut off the power supply first, that is, unplug the main switch or fuse in the house to prevent the household appliances being used from accidents due to water entry and insulation damage. Secondly, after cutting off the power supply, move the household appliances that may be wetted to a place that is not wetted, so as to prevent the insulation from being wetted, which will affect future use.

After getting an electric shock, the following emergency measures should be taken.

1. In case of electric shock accident, first of all, cut off the power supply immediately, turn off the switch, or connect wires and appliances with dry wooden sticks, bamboo poles, dry cloth and other non-conductive objects, or cut off the wires with a wooden handle (dry) axe. Do not push or pull the electric shock person directly with your hands or wet objects.

2. Call the emergency department at the first time. Before the emergency department arrives at the scene, people around should take effective first-aid measures for the injured in time:

(1) Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage to those whose breathing or heartbeat stops immediately; Acupuncture at Renzhong, Yongquan and Neiguan points should not give up rescue easily.

(2) After the heartbeat and breathing recover, send them to the hospital for further treatment. Pay attention to observe at any time on the way and keep the wound at the electric shock site clean.

(3) The method of emergency rescue is as follows: within a very short time of cardiac arrest, tap the precordial area first, tapping for 2-3 times. Then chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation were performed. The specific method is to cross and overlap the palms of both hands and press the heart rhythmically. The purpose of this practice is to make blood flow into aorta, pulmonary artery and vein, and establish effective circulation. When doing mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, those who have movable dentures should take them off first, remove oral secretions and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Then, squeeze the nostrils to blow, so that the chest bulges and the lungs expand.

Knowledge of lightning protection and electricity safety. Lightning protection knowledge of primary school students

Summer is a season of frequent lightning, so all walks of life, especially schools, are densely populated, so special attention should be paid to lightning protection.

(1) Outdoor lightning protection

1. When going out in a thunderstorm, you can squat down, reduce the height as much as possible, and put your feet together at the same time to reduce the harm caused by stepping voltage. Because when lightning strikes the ground, it will gradually release energy around along the surface. At this time, due to the difference of potential difference, a certain voltage may be generated between the front foot and the back foot of the walking person.

Don't shelter from the rain under the big tree. Because when it rains, the wet branches of the tree are equivalent to a lightning protection device. If you hold a tree with your hand, it's like touching a lightning rod with your hand. So it's best to stay 5 meters away from the tree when it thunders.

3. When it rains, don't stay near the water (rivers, lakes, oceans, ponds, canals, etc.). ) and depression. You should quickly take shelter from the rain in a dry house nearby. If you can't find a house in the mountains, you can hide under rocks or in caves.

4. Don't stay in the thunderstorm with metal objects, because metal objects are conductive substances, and thunderstorm weather can sometimes play a role in attracting thunder. Carry-on metal objects should be temporarily placed 5 meters away, and then picked up after the lightning stops.

5. Don't touch or get close to lightning protection grounding wires, water pipes, electrical grounding wires, tree trunks and other objects that may be charged due to lightning strike, so as to prevent contact voltage, lightning strike and side attack.

6. In thunderstorm and rainstorm weather, it is best not to answer and call the mobile phone outdoors, because mobile phone waves can also cause thunder.

7. When going out in thunderstorm weather, it is best to wear rubber shoes, which can play a certain insulating role.

(2) Indoor lightning protection

1. When it thunders, the first thing to do is to close the doors and windows to prevent lightning from hitting the room directly and spherical lightning from floating into the room.

2. In thunderstorm weather, stay away from metal water pipes and sewer pipes connected to the roof indoors.

3. In thunderstorm weather, try not to make or answer the phone, and don't use your mobile phone to surf the Internet. Unplug the power supply, telephone line, TV feeder and other metal wires that may introduce lightning. The scientific and safe way is to install power arrester on power line, telephone arrester on telephone line, antenna and feeder arrester on antenna and feeder and make grounding. Keep the house dry. The house leaks rain, so it should be repaired in time.

4. The insulator iron foot of incoming power cord should be grounded, and the three-phase socket should be grounded.

5. Don't pull the wire for drying clothes and bedding to the window or door, in case the wire leads to lightning.

6. Don't stay in shelters, cabins and houses for a long time, pay attention to avoid wires, don't stand under light bulbs, and it's best to cut off power or use electrical appliances.

Second, primary school students' knowledge of flood control

(1) How to avoid risks when houses are flooded?

This situation is generally aimed at residents who can't move in low-lying areas in flooded areas, and their houses are often easily flooded or besieged. If this happens, the usual effective measures are: first, arrange for family members to move to the roof to try to comfort and stabilize their emotions; Second, try to send a distress signal and get in touch with the outside world as soon as possible in order to get timely rescue; The third is to use floating objects such as bamboo and wood to escort family members to nearby high-rise buildings or safer places.

Related concepts:

Warning water level: The river flood generally overflows the beach, the dike reaches a certain depth, and the water level of the dike or flood control project may be in danger, so be alert. When it reaches this water level, it will start to enter the state of flood prevention and alert, and we should pay close attention to the development and changes of water conditions, work conditions and dangerous situations.

How to protect piping: the principle of piping treatment should be to block water and sand, leaving a way out for seepage. Flood season: refers to the period when the water level rises regularly due to seasonal precipitation and melting ice and snow in the basin.

Flood season, flood season and flood control: the flood season that is easy to cause disasters, that is, the flood season is often said.

The difference between waterlogging disaster and flood disaster: waterlogging disaster is caused by excessive local precipitation, while flood disaster is caused by flood.

(2) How to escape from the flood?

In flooded areas with a water depth of more than 0.7 meters to 2 meters, or residents who are difficult to live because of the large flood velocity, they should take refuge measures in time. Because asylum is mainly a large-scale and organized asylum, we should pay attention to:

First, it is necessary to make the evacuation route a household name, so that every refugee can find out where the flood flooded first and then, so as to choose the best route and avoid the passivity of "people flooding".

Second, we must recognize the road signs. In those flood-prone areas, the government has built refuge roads. Generally speaking, this kind of road should be a one-way street to reduce traffic chaos and congestion.

Third, keep a calm mood. Mastering "disaster psychology" is actually a kind of learning.

Three, school education students should pay attention to safety issues during the flood season.

1. In flood season, the climate is changeable and abrupt, and disastrous weather such as rainstorm, hail, typhoon, gale and tornado often occurs, which is prone to natural disasters such as landslides, collapses, mudslides and flash floods.

Second, we should always listen to the weather forecast, pay close attention to the weather changes, understand and master the disaster forecast, and do a good job in flood control and self-protection. We should seriously study the knowledge of disaster prevention and relief in flood season and improve our self-protection ability.

Third, play and stay in places that are prone to mountain torrents (streams, beaches, low-lying areas).

Four, don't stay in dangerous areas or dangerous houses that are prone to landslides, collapses and mudslides.

Five, less than streams, rivers, Shenzhen, canals, ponds, reservoirs and other waters to play with water and play.

Sixth, you need to cross the river to find a bridge. Don't wade through pits, streams or rivers, and don't venture across streams. If shoes, schoolbags, umbrellas and other items fall into the water, don't pick them up to avoid falling into the water.

Seven, less than streams, pits and other waters fishing and playing.

Eight, try not to go out in bad weather, and those who have already gone out should find a safe zone to avoid disasters and protect themselves.

Nine, to memorize the school emergency signal, emergency transfer route and location, need emergency transfer, to obey the command, timely and orderly safe transfer.

Ten, in distress on the way, don't panic, should quickly avoid danger or try to help, can't take risks.