Homemade flying balloon

A second accurate moment-September 27th, 2008 16: 00, 4100, will be forever engraved in the history of China's space activities. At this moment, astronaut Zhai Zhigang walked out of the spaceship wearing the "Tian Fei" extravehicular spacesuit developed by our country, printed the footprints of China people in space for the first time, and then flew over 9 165 km in/kloc-9 minutes and 35 seconds, becoming the "highest flying and fastest walking" person in China. At this moment, the five-star red flag was flown in the vast space by the people of China for the first time. Against the background of the black sky and the blue earth, the beautiful flying paintings solidified in Dunhuang murals for thousands of years have been interpreted as touching scenes where the five-star red flag flutters in the vast starry sky. At this moment, China officially became the third country to independently master the technology of extravehicular activity after the United States and Russia. This is a great moment, a lofty moment, and a moment that makes 654.38+03 billion people in China proud.

Myth: Waiting for the Millennium Dream

From the unknown lines and simple symbols carved on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Paleolithic Age to the gorgeous dances and big articles that sing and dance today; From the goddess of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the oriental classical legend to the voice of "Shenzhou VII greets the people of the whole country and the world" falling from the sky today, flying in the sky like a bird has been the deepest desire in people's hearts since ancient times. Mysterious sky, ever-changing clouds, warm and gorgeous sun, bright and bright full moon, all hold people's eyes tightly and become chasing targets. Man's pursuit of the boundless sky has never stopped.

In ancient legends with a long history in China, the dragon has always been regarded as a symbol of China people's spirit, and it continues to this day. This is the unique cultural creation, concept creation and symbol creation of China people, and it is the "mascot" produced by the rich imagination of human beings. China is a country of dragons, or dragons are a specialty of China and a symbol of Chinese civilization. This spiritual thing created by the imagination of ancient ancestors, perched on the clouds, is free and unfettered for nine days, expressing our ancestors' desire for flying dragons.

"Natural History" records: "Old talk about Tianhe and Haitong. Recently, someone went by car. For more than ten days, they can still see the sun, moon and stars, but then they can't feel the day and night. When I arrived at one place, I looked at the palace. There were many weavers, and my husband led the cows to drink it, because it was also. Later, when I went to Shu, I asked and said,' One day, the guest star made a mistake and stayed with the cow'. Calculate the year and month, that is, when this person arrived in Tianhe. " The author inquired about the information and found that some people said that the person referred to here was Yao Ming, an ancient monarch in China. He once traveled around the world in a giant frog soaring in the air and invited him to swim in the sky for 12 years, which was actually the first person to swim in space.

According to legend, when Zhou Muwang visited the Queen Mother of the West, he took the "Jade Car" and traveled to Kunlun Mountain, the Queen Mother of the West, at the speed of traveling to Wan Li every day. The idiom "son-in-law" comes from Qin Mugong's son-in-law Shaw History, whose daughter Nong Yu is a phoenix. They sing with their wives and come and go freely in the air.

Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period, imagined himself sitting in a car pulled by a flying dragon and flying in the air in his long poem Lisao. Clouds fluttered in the wind like flags, and the phoenix flew beside him. He flew over the towering Kunlun Mountain and the barren quicksand, and finally reached the vast West Sea.

In ancient folk, the legend of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" was widely circulated. The story of "Chang 'e became a toad" is recorded in the ancient prose Lingxian: "Chang 'e married a wife, stole the elixir of life from the Queen Mother and brought it to the moon. Will go, occupy the grave. James J.S.Wong said,' Returning to my sister, heading west alone, the sky is dark, I am not surprised or afraid, and my future is bright.' Chang 'e entrusted herself to the moon for the sake of toad. "

Chang 'e fills the sky, the flying dragon fills the sky, Kuafu grows day by day, Hou Yi shoots the sun, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Wu Gang cut the laurel ... The romantic thought of China's distant ancestor flying in the sky is full of sparks of wisdom, which makes many future generations ecstatic. All myths have injected human yearning for the sky. Not only that, the ancestors also creatively passed on their great imagination to future generations through artistic expression.

Along the 40-degree north latitude, not far from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center where Shenzhou was launched, Dunhuang is a world-famous art treasure house. There are 492 caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, and almost every cave has flying murals. Mr. Chang Shuhong said in the preface of the large-scale art album "Flying in Dunhuang" that "there are more than 4,500 pieces". Into the caves, large and small, "Tian Fei" colorful sculptures and murals abound. Some fly with open arms, some bow low, some put their hands together, some hold lotus flowers, some hold crickets, pipa, flute, harp and other musical instruments, some fly freely, and all fly around the caves in one direction, with diverse postures and light posture. Flying around, floating clouds dancing, falling flowers spinning, full of movement and vitality. A remarkable feature of flying murals is that they have no wings and feathers. With the help of clouds instead of relying on them, they fly in the air in fluttering dresses and with fluttering ribbons, with beautiful figures and endless postures.

In Buddhism, the deity incarnated in pure land is called "heaven", and the deity flying in the air is called flying. Flying in Dunhuang is a flying god painted in Dunhuang Grottoes, which later became a proper term of Dunhuang mural art. In terms of origin and function, Tian Fei in Dunhuang is not a god, but a synthesis of Manna Shiva and Kinnara. Ganlupo is a transliteration of Indian Sanskrit, literally translated as the god of songs. Kinnara is a transliteration of Sanskrit in ancient India, literally translated as the God of Music, because he is full of fragrance. Myths and legends say that they are a loving couple, who can sing and dance, and are inseparable and harmonious. Whether they are male or female, they blend into one and become the future Dunhuang flying. The flying sky in Dunhuang murals began in the Sixteen Kingdoms, went through ten dynasties, lasted for more than a thousand years, and gradually disappeared until the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In this long history of more than 1000 years, even after the alternation of dynasties and wars, Tian Fei's artistic image has become more and more full, and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, combining the artistic essence of Indian Tian Fei and Tian Fei in the western regions, and shaping an image of Tian Fei that belongs entirely to China. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised in a poem: "It is too timid to be full of hibiscus. Dress dragging broadband, floating in the sky ",describes the fairy's song and dance in the flying myth. "

Flying is usually regarded as one of the symbols of China culture. On the commemorative banknotes issued by the People's Bank of China to commemorate the arrival of the 2 1 century, there are flying patterns. Mr. Yu also mentioned "We are descendants" in his prose. Flying in Dunhuang can be said to be the most genius creation of China artists and a miracle in the world art history. Flying in Dunhuang is not only a symbol of Dunhuang studies, but also a symbol of the soaring of the Chinese nation.

However, our ancestors did not limit their ideals to myths, but put them into action. The practice of human beings from generation to generation has created today's brilliant flying career.

Traceability: the embryonic form of ancient space flight

The vast sky and bright stars are like a pair of unpredictable eyes, always staring at the sky, no matter how the times change. Too many people think that when they reach the top of the sky, they can touch the fairy's skirt, and they can ascend to heaven and become a member of the immortal saying. Mankind is endlessly eager to go to heaven in person and explore the secrets of God, and has made positive attempts to this end.

According to Records of the Historian, Shun once jumped from the top of a burning barn with two hats in his hand, which can be said to be the earliest parachute of mankind.

"Mozi" records: "The loser cut bamboo and thought it was a magpie and flew away three days later." In other words, the wooden magpie made by Luban can fly high in the air by the wind and not land for three days. This is considered as the pioneer of primitive aviation science.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu An, king of Huainan, drilled a small hole in an egg, hollowed out the yolk and egg white, put the empty shell on the burning flame, and the wind blew the eggshell into the air with a torch, making the prototype of a hot air balloon. Liu An also became the first practitioner in the world to try to take off in a hot air balloon.

According to Wang Han Mang Biography, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, in response to Wang Mang's conquest of Xiongnu, an air show was held in Chang 'an. This man "takes the big bird purlin as two wings, has hair on his head and body, leads the ring to buckle, and flies a hundred steps and falls." This was a great innovation at that time, but it was difficult to determine whether his flight mode-"collar button" was flapping wing or gliding.

Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty scientifically expounded the principle of the occurrence of lunar eclipse in Lingxian County: "The rush of the day, the light is often inconsistent, and it is hidden in the ground, which is called darkness. Among the stars, the stars are very small and eat when they meet the moon. " He once made a wooden bird. It had wings on its body and organs in its stomach. It could fly for miles.

Kongming Lantern, also called Sky Lantern, is said to have been invented by Zhu Gekongming during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhu Gekongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Pingyang, unable to send troops out of the city for help. Kong Ming calculated the wind direction, made a floating paper lantern, tied with the message for help, and then escaped as expected, so later generations called this lantern Kong Ming Lantern. This "Kongming Lantern" is made of bamboo strips and paper and looks like a lantern with a sealed top. It has a square and a circle. A resin lamp is fixed on the chassis, which is full of heat generated by resin combustion and can be used as a military signal. As long as we take a step forward, the invention of hot air balloon will be 1000 years earlier.

Ge Hong, a scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was inspired by the eagle spreading its wings and gliding away, and put forward the idea of imitating this action and creating a "flying car" for flying. In "Bao Puzi", he wrote: "Take jujube heart wood as a flying car, cowhide as a sword, and draw its machine ... Three cows have sex and ride it, rising forty miles, which is too clear." Although the text is very rough, china national radio once judged in the historical story "The Story of Ge Hong" that this is the earliest propeller record in history and the earliest idea that human beings tried to make helicopters. Although he didn't do the experiment, people were inspired.

In 559 AD, Levin, Wen Xuandi, in the Northern Qi Dynasty forced some people to jump off a 67-foot-high platform with kites made of cushions, playing with their lives. As a result, everyone else fell dead, only one person named Yuan Huangtou took a kite and flew out of the city with the wind, falling safely. This is the earliest record of a successful manned kite flight.

The story about rocket-powered flight in the world originated in China. In the book "Rockets and Jet Engines" published by American rocket scientist Herbert S King 1945, as well as some works by rocket experts from the former Soviet Union, Germany, Britain and other countries, this conclusion is agreed. /kloc-At the end of 0/4th century, 47 homemade rockets were tied to chairs by Ming literati, and they sat in chairs with big kites in their hands. Imagine flying into the sky with the thrust of a rocket and landing smoothly with a kite. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded and thousands of families gave their lives for it. For thousands of families, it is unprecedented to consider ascending tools and parachute kites for safe landing. At present, only rockets can send people into space. According to this standard, the earliest manned space flight should be about 600 years ago. Western scholars have confirmed that Wan Hu is "the first person in the world who wants to fly by rocket". At an International Astronomical Union in 1970s, a crater on the moon was named "Ten Thousand Households" to commemorate "the first man who tried to fly with a rocket".

Try: Pain and go all the way forward.

1903, the news that the Wright brothers in the United States built the first airplane in history inspired many promising young people in China. Feng Ru, the first aircraft designer, manufacturer and pilot in China, designed, manufactured and tested the first aircraft in China's history in 1908. Although Feng Ru died in a performance flight five years later, his spirit is immortal, inspiring generations of "flying people" in China.

With the establishment of 1948 new China, Qian Xuesen was ecstatic and began to prepare for returning home nervously. However, the US authorities tried every possible means to prevent Qian Xuesen from returning to China, because "he is too valuable to reach 3-5 divisions in any case". 1September 7, 950, the American authorities arrested Qian Xuesen on trumped-up charges. Faced with the unreasonable accusation of the public prosecutor, Qian Xuesen replied: "Knowledge is my personal property, and I will give it to whoever I have the right!" Under the pressure of Qian Xuesen's long-term protest and China's diplomatic struggle, the US authorities had to agree to Qian Xuesen's return to China. 1September, 9551June, 7, Qian Xuesen boarded a ship returning to China and contributed his life to the aerospace industry of the motherland. He is known as "the father of China's space flight" and "the king of rockets". 1956 put forward "opinions on establishing China's national defense aviation industry", and wrote to the central leaders for the first time for the establishment and development of China's rocket and missile technology. Later, the new term "aerospace" was first mentioned. He proposed that human flight activities outside the atmosphere are called "aerospace"; Flight activities in the atmosphere are called "aviation". He also said that he put forward the word "aerospace", which was inspired by Chairman Mao's poem "Looking at a thousand rivers in the sky".

Under the pressure of the former Soviet Union launching the first artificial earth satellite, Mao Zedong pointed out at the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of China: "We also want to make artificial satellites!" With the full support of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China astronauts have accelerated the pace of independent research and development. From the crude imitation of Soviet space technology to the active independent research and development, China's space technology has gone through a long road of exploration on the basis of poverty, and the pain is unknown.

1960, China's rocket soldiers, hungry, began the arduous journey from copying Soviet missiles to designing their own missiles. The complicated national conditions can't shake their great enthusiasm for the space industry.

1962 on March 2 1 day, China's first self-designed rocket took off at Jiuquan launch site 10 second, and then crashed. All the hard work was in vain, and the huge loss hit the enthusiasm of astronauts, but it could not extinguish the fighting spirit in their eyes.

There is always a reward for giving. 19641June16th, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. That loud noise marked that China officially boarded the frontier of spacecraft research and development in the world and rushed to the vast starry sky with incredible speed.

1October 27th, 1966, 10, wrote a suicide note, and the "Seven Heroes of Gobi" who paid party dues for the last time entered the underground control room. When China announced the successful launch of missile nuclear weapons, the world was shocked.

1April 24, 970, with a loud noise from the Gobi Desert in the northwest, the "Dongfanghong" No.1 carried the flying dream of the Chinese nation, and a melodious "Dongfanghong" resounded around the world ... this was the first salute of the Chinese nation marching into space. Since then, China has mastered new technologies such as satellite recovery, multiple satellites with one arrow, and synchronous positioning. Surveying and mapping recoverable satellites, new recoverable remote sensing satellites, geostationary orbit communication satellites, sun-synchronous orbit and geosynchronous orbit meteorological satellites, transmission-type earth remote sensing resource satellites, navigation satellites and ocean satellites have all flown into space.

In the early 1970s, China successfully launched the first Long March-1 carrier rocket independently, becoming the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial satellites. In the past 30 years, China has successfully developed the 12 Long March series of launch vehicles, covering all the orbital ranges of near-Earth orbit, sun-synchronous orbit and geostationary orbit, and the carrying capacity has been greatly improved, meeting the requirements of launching satellites with different orbits and weights. China has three launch bases in Jiuquan, Xichang and Taiyuan, and the launch and measurement and control technology of launch vehicles has reached the advanced level in the world. The Long March series of launch vehicles have various types, mature and reliable technologies, and the launch success rate is 100%.

The author discovered a long forgotten past. It was shortly after the launch of the "Dongfanghong-1" satellite, and the CPC Central Committee approved the research plan of the "Shuguang-1" spacecraft manned spaceflight project. Although "Dawn" ignited people's passion after "two bombs and one satellite", under the complicated national conditions at that time, neither the economic base nor the industrial level had the conditions for manned space flight. 1972, in a controversy, the manned space program ran aground. Until 1983, famous scientists, Wang, Wang and Wang jointly put forward suggestions to the CPC Central Committee to track the development of strategic high technology in the world. This is the famous 863 project. Only two days later, Deng Xiaoping made an important instruction: "This matter should be decided quickly without delay." Since the beginning of this year, scientists have repeatedly discussed and demonstrated that the development path of China's manned space flight has gradually become clear: starting with manned spacecraft. 1September 2, 9921day, China's manned spaceflight project was formally established. After the "Dawn 1" program has been dormant for 20 years, China's manned space program has finally ushered in a new dawn.

Outlook: Tomorrow will be better.

In China's splendid literature, Tian Fei culture always appears particularly lofty and lofty. Qu Yuan's Tian Wen questioned the blue sky with 172 "why" in one breath; Li Bai's wild "we both hold high to distant thoughts and want to go to the sky to embrace the sun and the moon"; Su Dongpo's anxiety of "wanting to return home by the wind, but fearing the magnificent buildings and palaces" reflects the curiosity, speculation and yearning of ancient China people for Langlang space. Not to mention the well-known exquisite flying murals in Dunhuang Grottoes and the persistence of "flying fans", until modern times, there are still many sky lovers obsessed with the mystery of concubine. In the Spring Festival Evening of 2008, a dance named "Flying" was warmly welcomed: seven dancers dressed as fairies stood on the lifting stage and interpreted the flying image in Dunhuang murals with their limbs and music, leading the audience into the "fairyland" together with falling petals and splashing water on the stage. There is also "Teana" created by the famous painter Ceng Hao. The ancient rhyme is permeated with modern beauty, showing a distinctive flavor of the times and cultural background. It has been exhibited many times around the world, which is amazing. The successful flight of Shenzhou VII pushed China people's dream of flying for thousands of years to a new climax.

On September 28th 17: 37, the message "The spaceship landed successfully!" came from Beijing Aerospace Control Center. The good news cheered China people all over the world. This sentence shows the "three-step strategy" of China's manned spaceflight project and has successfully made breakthrough progress. A series of "Made in China" also announced to the world that the Chinese nation is fully capable of occupying its due position in the world high-tech field. From "Yang Liwei" of Shenzhou V asking for the sky alone to the return of Shenzhou VI, Fei Longjun and Nie Haisheng, today, Zhai Zhigang walked out of the extravehicular activity, and the China astronauts marked a series of leaps beyond their dreams in space. In just five years, China has thrived and surpassed its previous heights again and again. This is a dream held up by China's powerful national strength and a Millennium dream of the Chinese nation. The successful operation of the Shenzhou space program not only shows the rigorous and meticulous scientific attitude of China astronauts, but also shows the fact that China's comprehensive national strength is rising and its economic backing is strong.

Flying dreams, a thousand-year wish, once realized, and then showing new wings. Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po said, "The vast space left the footprints of China people for the first time. This step has fulfilled the Chinese dream of flying for thousands of years, and at the same time announced to the world that China has finally become the third country in the world capable of realizing spacewalk, and China's space science and technology has reached a new milestone. " The French newspaper Le Monde reported Zhai Zhigang's extravehicular walk in detail in an article entitled "China's first spacewalk" on 27th, commenting that it was a "historic event full of risks" and symbolized that China had entered the club of world space powers. Tryggvason, a visiting professor at the University of Western Ontario, said that the launch of China manned spacecraft is not only of great significance to China, but also will change the pattern of international space technology cooperation, and China may become an equal partner in world space technology cooperation in the near future.

Great joy intoxicated the Chinese nation, but in the work log of China Manned Space Engineering Office, this plan has been arranged for several years. Although China still lags behind Russia and the United States in technology and achievements, and it is still in the toddler stage in many fields of space exploration, since it has successfully taken the first step, it will certainly be able to take the second and third steps, because we believe that a nation that adheres to the Millennium dream will certainly be able to create miracles. With the full care and strong support of China's leaders, good economic strength and political environment, and a steady stream of outstanding scientific research talents, the dragon China will truly soar above space.