Differences between continental climate and temperate precipitation in North America and Asia

Comparison of temperate continental climate between North America and Asia

1, Eurasia is more continental.

The annual maximum temperature difference in North America is around 50℃, and that in Eurasia is above 65℃. The latitude of Montreal (46 N) on the east coast of North America is higher than that of Vladivostok (43 N) on the east coast of Asia, and it is located further inland, but the annual variation of Montreal is 4.5℃ lower than that of Vladivostok. The latitude of Dawson (64 N) in the inland of North America is higher than that of Yakutsk (62 N) in the inland of Asia, but the annual range of the former is 65438 06.5℃ lower than that of the latter. In terms of precipitation, the concentration of summer rain and the degree of winter drought in North America are not as good as those in Eurasia.

Eurasian continental climate is mainly distributed in Asia. The extreme changes of various climatic elements in Asia are the reflection of continental climate. Asia is one of the coldest, hottest, wettest and driest regions in the world. For example, the Yansk-Oymyakon region in Vilho is the "cold pole" in the northern hemisphere. West Asia and North Africa are the hottest regions in the world, and the absolute maximum temperature in Saudi Arabia can reach 50-55℃. Kilapangqi, India is a humid corner of the world, with an average annual precipitation of over 1 1, 500mm, which is the same as the northeast of Kauai Island in Hawaii and the coastal area of Cameroon in Africa. The annual precipitation in the southern Arabian Peninsula and the central Iranian Plateau is below 100mm, and even some areas have not rained for many years, forming a vast no-flow area and desert area.

There are many reasons why Eurasia is becoming more and more extreme. First of all, the Eurasian continent is bigger and the inland is farther from the sea. The westerly circulation and the warm and humid air flow in the Atlantic Ocean have little influence on the climate in Asia. North America is much smaller than Eurasia. The second reason is the atmospheric circulation, because the thermal difference between land and sea in North America in winter and summer is not as significant as that in Asia, and the intensity of high and low pressure is relatively weak. This causes the difference between temperature and precipitation. Thirdly, the monsoon climate in the eastern part of Eurasia is remarkable, which leads to a high concentration of precipitation. Fourth, the Eurasian continent is high in the middle and low around. In particular, the topography of East Asia shows a three-step distribution, which is not conducive to water vapor infiltration in the Pacific Ocean. The North American continent is high from east to west and low in the middle, and the Appalachian mountains in the east are not high and wide enough to prevent water vapor from penetrating into the Atlantic Ocean.

2. The monsoon climate in North America is not as typical as that in Eurasia.

The Eurasian monsoon is famous for its largest intensity, wide range of influence and complex types. The eastern and southern parts of the Asian continent face the ocean, starting from the far eastern coastal area of the Soviet Union in the north, passing through the east of Japan, Korea and China, and reaching Southeast Asia and South Asia. It is a typical monsoon climate zone in the world. The dominant wind direction here varies greatly with the seasons. From June 5438+ 10 to July, the change of prevailing wind direction is at least 120, and the average frequency of prevailing wind direction exceeds 40%. The huge thermal difference between land and sea and its seasonal variation or the seasonal movement of superimposed planetary wind belts are the main factors for the formation of monsoon climate. In summer, the wind blows from the sea to the land, warm and rainy; In winter, the wind blows from the mainland to the ocean, which is cool and dry, which is also the same feature of monsoon climate.

Although the northwest wind blows in winter and the southeast wind blows in summer, the weather changes can only be considered as a monsoon phenomenon. For the formation of monsoon climate, the world's largest land mass faces the world's largest ocean, and the thermal difference caused by this land-sea distribution is the fundamental reason for the formation of monsoon climate in Eurasia.

3. There are differences in climate types and distribution.

There are differences in climate types and distribution between North America and Eurasia, as follows:

① The subtropical climate in North America is not as broad as that in Eurasia; This is because the main body of the North American continent is in the middle and high latitudes. ② The typical maritime climate in North America is small, limited to the northern part of the Pacific coast, and the maritime climate in Eurasia is widely distributed; This is because the maritime climate is deeply influenced by the coastal warm current, and the Alaska warm current affecting North America is much weaker than the North Atlantic warm current affecting Asia and Europe. On the other hand, it is related to the land and sea contours and topography of the mainland and the western part of the mainland. The mountains in the western part of the North American continent approach the coast, and Alaska extends westward, forcing the Alaska warm current to turn westward; On the other hand, the western part of the Eurasian continent is flat, the coast is tortuous, the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean are unblocked, and the warm current of the North Atlantic can go directly northward to expand its influence. ③ The polar ice sheet in Eurasia is not as wide as that in North America; This is because the shape of the North American continent is wide in the north and narrow in the south. The main part of the continent is in the middle and high latitudes, and most of the areas are located at 30° N-70° N④ (4) The subtropical dry summer climate in Eurasia is typical; The climate is mainly distributed on the west coast of the 30-70 continent. There is a tall and wide Cordillera mountain system on the west coast of the North American continent, which is an important climate dividing line in North America. The climate in the east and west of the mountain range is very different. The flat terrain of Eurasia is beneficial to the influence of ocean water vapor, which in turn promotes the formation of subtropical summer dry climate. ⑤ North America temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate area is small; This is related to the fact that North America is less continental than Eurasia. ⑥ The tropical climate types in North America are limited, and there are basically no typical equatorial rainy climate, tropical dry and wet season climate and tropical arid and semi-arid climate, and the typical distribution is not as extensive as that in Asia. This is because the main body of the North American continent is in the middle and high latitudes.