Why did Napoleon defeat Waterloo?

1865438+March 3 1, in 2004, the 6th anti-French coalition invaded Paris in Europe, and Napoleon was forced to abdicate. Bourbon restoration. On March 20th of the following year, Napoleon took advantage of the French people's dissatisfaction with the Restoration Dynasty and the quarrels among European countries at the Vienna Conference, and led his troops into Paris to regain the throne. Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia launched the seventh anti-French coalition.

In June of the same year, 18 defeated the French at the Battle of Waterloo, and Napoleon abdicated again and was exiled to St. Helena in the South Atlantic. Napoleon's empire fell from then on.

The Battle of Waterloo is located in Mount St. John, Belgium. The French people have been afraid to mention "Waterloo" and think it is a disgrace to the French nation. Today, the French generally call this battle "the Battle of Saint-Jean-Hill".

After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon, who was all-powerful and unstoppable, never recovered until his death. People regard "Waterloo" as a synonym for failure. So, where did Napoleon lose the last battle? Napoleon later summed up the reasons why the Battle of Waterloo in St Helena, where he was exiled, failed. He believes that it is fate that the gods do not make beauty and the generals do not work hard.

He said, "Even for these reasons, I should win the battle." The author thinks this is completely perfunctory.

In fact, Napoleon, the commander-in-chief of the French army in this battle, did not know himself, nor did he know himself. The real root is that he violated the law of war of "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle".

First, I don't know that the enemy is a powerful force composed of five countries, with a total strength of 820 thousand and a detailed battle plan; The 65,438+10,000 British troops stationed in Mount Saint Jean alone greatly exceeded the 70,000 troops led by Napoleon, and the British troops had already been here.

Secondly, I don't know or underestimate the commander of the enemy, whether it is Wellington, the British army or blucher, the Pu Jun army. He is experienced in dealing with the French army. As Napoleon later admitted: "Wellington is as talented as me in running the army and has the advantage of caution."

As a result, Napoleon despised the enemy extremely, thinking that he was still competing with second-rate opponents as when he was young, and formed a very firm mindset that people could not change.

Be careful when fighting with Master Wellington and Master blucher, but he can't. It was not until he destroyed himself and France that he realized his mistakes and the skills of the enemy generals.

Third, I don't know the operational terrain. Napoleon led his army to Mount Saint Joan. He is blind and confident. He thought that he would defeat Wellington before the arrival of Pu Jundui, so he stepped up his attack on the central position. As a result, when the cavalry attacked, they didn't know there was a pit-shaped natural valley in front of the mountain, so they rushed in and couldn't stop it. They killed each other and killed countless people.

When the French army shelled, Wellington arranged the troops behind the ridge, and the soldiers lay down to avoid bullets. The French army approached, they condescended and repelled with fierce fire. The cavalry attacked the French army and drove it down the hillside. Fighting is often in a stalemate, with many casualties.

Fourth, I don't know the actual situation of my own side. Napoleon himself did have extraordinary knowledge and energy in the long struggle, but he often thought that his generals were as magical as him. As a result, in the Battle of Waterloo, all his ideas became fantasies and bubbles.

In the Battle of Waterloo, both sides suffered heavy casualties. By 3 pm, both coaches were anxious. Are eager for the arrival of their reinforcements.

Napoleon was sure that his generals would give priority. However, how did he know that grouchy was escaped by blucher to support Wellington because of the French slow action? And another of his subordinates, Marshal Rey, mistakenly galloped back the British car carrying the wounded, thinking that the British army had lost, and even if the cavalry pursued it, it missed the opportunity to reinforce Napoleon's main attack.

As a result, a large group of Pujun troops arrived first, and the gap between the two sides was too great. The allied forces launched a counterattack, and Napoleon was defeated and forced to flee to Paris. Since then, his political life has ended.

The Battle of Waterloo was cruel, with more than 32,000 French casualties and 23,000 British casualties. The fiasco of this battle is the inevitable result of Napoleon's ideological weakness. As far as theoretical performance is concerned, you lose if you don't know yourself. He should be mainly responsible for the failure of this battle.