Qu Dajun's Translation and Appreciation of Ren Xuqing's Masterpieces

Qing Dynasty: Qu Dajun

It's cold in the morning and cloudy at night, but it's already spring in sadness.

Falling flowers have tears because of wind and rain, and birds are ruthless since ancient times.

The old country is like a dream, and Chinese characters are lost.

Dragons and snakes return everywhere, and cold food is eager every year.

Translation of Ren Xuqing Ming Zuo

There is a faint chill, which permeates the early morning and clouds are shrouded in the twilight. In the darkness, I didn't even feel the heaviness of spring.

Falling flowers shed tears because of wind and rain, and birds are heartless. This matter has existed since ancient times.

The old country's mountains and rivers are suddenly called dreams, and the Chinese heroes are once again depressed.

That brave man, drunk and wide, has nowhere to stand. Cold food comes to my guest in vain every year.

Notes on Ren Xu's Qingming Left

Ren Xu: twenty-one years of Kangxi (1682).

This refers to the weather change.

The phrase "falling flowers" actually means "where petals have fallen like tears, where lonely birds have mourned" in Du Fu's poem "Looking at Spring". The author said it from the front, and his ignorance of falling flowers and birdsong further set off his deep worries.

Dragon and snake: a metaphor for people with lofty ideals who are deep in the wild and keep pace with the times.

Chu: Sadness.

The Creative Background of Ren Xu's Qingming Works

Qingming is an important solar term among the 24 solar terms, marking the past of dry winter and the arrival of warm spring. On this day, people go hiking, sweeping graves, and going to graves. This is a day to pay homage to and cherish the memory of relatives, friends and comrades. As a poet of adherents, Qu Dajun touched the scene on this day, linked the season with his own struggle, and expressed his deep resentment and sorrow for the Qing Dynasty.

Appreciation of Ren Xu's Qingming Works

The first part is about the environmental atmosphere, suggesting the situation of struggle and one's own mood. The light clouds floating in the morning will be gloomy in the evening, and the sad people will not realize that time has entered the late spring. The first sentence not only talked about the actual weather, but also talked about the inner feelings: the gradual infiltration of the Qing forces has covered the world. Environmental description plays a certain role in rendering atmosphere. In the last sentence, the word "sorrow" was pointed out, which revealed the melancholy and the loss of time.

Zhuan Xu used pun to write the present reality. "Tears" describe dew on flowers. The author uses crying "fallen flowers" as a metaphor for frustrated anti-Qing people, and uses proud "singing birds" as a metaphor for trying to help the villains in the Qing court. This writing style is commonly used in China's classical poems, and Qu Yuan often uses fragrant flowers and smelly grass to compare loyalty and treachery. The phrase "Phoenix gives birth to birds, and the day is far away." Swallows and blackbirds, nests and altars. Xinyi, Shen Lu, is sparsely populated. The smell is discharged, and the fragrance is not weak, which is the ancestor of this structure. This way of writing can express the author's distinct love and hate.

Necklace has strong feelings, full of feelings of unfulfilled ambitions. Acts and Once Again turned the restoration of ideals into utopian sentimentality, and people with lofty ideals expressed their grief in vain. There is a deep hatred of "why do you hate your country so much? It's all in Dajiangdong", and there is also a deep hatred of "Wan Li hates Taiwan to post, and the bright moon shines homesick for three years", which is generous and tragic and hard to let go for a long time.

The tail couplet reveals disappointment. "Dragon snake" is a metaphor here, referring to people with lofty ideals. "The dragon and snake have nowhere to escape" means that the anti-Qing people can't find their own home because of the great cause. "Cold food makes people sad every year" means that the adherents of the former Ming Dynasty, including themselves, feel sad every year during the Cold Food Festival. Thus expressing the hopeless resentment against the Qing dynasty.

A Brief Introduction to the Author of Ren Xuqing's Ming Zuo

Qu Dajun (1630- 1696), a famous scholar and poet in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was also called "the three outstanding figures in Lingnan" with Chen Gongyin and Liang, and was known as "Xu Xiake in Guangdong". The word Wengshan, Jiezi,No. Lipu, Han nationality, from Panyu, Guangdong. He once carried out anti-Qing activities with Wei Geng and others. After becoming a monk, he still changed to Confucianism in middle age. Poetry has the legacy of Li Bai and Qu Yuan, and most of the works were destroyed during Yongzheng and Qianlong years. Later generations compiled Outside the Poems of Wengshan, Outside the Poems of Wengshan, Outside the Poems of Wengshan, Guangdong Xinyu and Records of Four Dynasties, which were collectively called "Five Books of Qu Tuo".