How to plant common safflower star anise?

Illicium verum is a plant of Illicium. Illicium verum is a famous condiment and can also be used as medicine. Pericarp, seeds and leaves all contain aromatic oil, which is an important raw material for making cosmetics, liqueur, beer and food industry.

1, seed collection

Every year from June 5438+ 10, seeds are collected from the mother trees that have been strong for more than 20 years, have no pests and diseases, and have many fruits. When the seed matures, the peel changes from green to yellowish brown, and the fruit does not crack. When collecting seeds, the fruit should be more than 90% mature, and about 4 kg of fresh fruit can be planted per 100 kg.

2. Land selection and preparation

Nursery land should be selected near the water source, with deep soil layer, rich humus, good drainage and gentle slope. Agricultural dry land, flat land, steep slope or octagonal woodland with pests and diseases should not be selected. The soil in the nursery should be acidic or slightly acidic, with a pH value of 4.5 ~ 6.6, with 5.0 ~ 5.5 being the best. 10-1/month to prepare soil, dig 20 cm deep soil, break clods, and pick out gravel and roots. The seedbed is made along the slope, with a width of 1 10 ~ 120 cm, a height of 20 cm and a working rail width of 40 cm. Rake the seedbed soil and dig the drainage ditch.

Build a shade shed

Illicium verum seedlings are afraid of direct sunlight, so shade sheds must be built after soil preparation. The shade shed is about1.65m high, which is convenient for pesticide application management. The shed column spacing is 3 meters, and 75 pieces are needed per mu. Shading shed requires stable and uniform light transmission, and the light transmittance is about 10%, so it is appropriate for sunlight to form plum blossom shadow through shading shed.

bale

After the soil of the seedbed passes through a fine iron screen (aperture 0.8cm), it is put into plastic film bags with specifications of 12cm× 14cm (two-year-old seedlings) or 10cm× 13cm (one-year-old seedlings), and then packed and compacted, and placed neatly. Each acre can hold 65438+ 10,000 ~ 1 10000 bags.

sow seeds

In the main producing area of Illicium verum, sowing is usually in June 5438+February, sooner rather than later. Select seeds, and eliminate small seeds and rotten seeds. According to the survey, the germination rate of seeds with 85% viability can reach 75%. Sow the seeds into the center of the bag soil, each bag contains 1 ~ 2 seeds, the sowing depth is about 3 cm, and cover the soil after sowing. The amount of seeds used per mu is 7.5 ~ 10.0 kg.

6. Nursery management

Water and fertilizer management: keep the soil moist until the true leaves are exposed, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention when the true leaves are exposed to the three true leaves. After the shade shed is demolished, it is autumn and winter, with little rain and dryness, and the seedling bags should be watered frequently. The principle of applying fertilizer to Illicium verum seedlings is "apply fertilizer according to seedlings, apply fertilizer in advance, and do not apply more fertilizer." It is better to apply compound fertilizer than nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the seedlings will grow too fast, the stems and leaves will be tender when they leave the nursery, and the survival rate of colonization will be low. If the nursery soil is full of nutrients and the seedlings grow healthily, it is not suitable for fertilization. The annual seedling height is 35 cm.

Weeding and hardening seedlings: weeds are easily infected with Rhizoctonia solani and anthracnose, which leads to the death of seedlings in pieces. The key weeding period is from the true leaf dew stage to the two-leaf stage. From the end of 10 to the beginning of 1 10, the shade shed was removed and the seedlings were tempered to make the Illicium verum seedlings adapt to the natural environment. It takes more than 30 days to leave the nursery, and frost should be prevented during seedling hardening.

Walk out of the nursery

Nursery seedling standard: annual seedling height is 30 ~ 45 cm, and ground diameter is 0.4 ~ 0.5 cm; The biennial seedlings are 45 ~ 60 cm high and 0.8 cm in diameter. Do not meet the standards of seedlings should be cultivated or eliminated in the nursery, not out of the nursery.