How did the world's first thermometer come into being?

1592, Galileo successfully made the first thermometer. It is a straight and slender glass tube with scales on it, and the scales are marked on the glass tube at equal distances. The closed end is spherical, the other end is filled with some colored water in advance, and the unsealed end is inserted into a container filled with water.

When the ambient temperature changes, the water column in the pipeline will also change. When the outside temperature rises, the gas in the glass ball expands, which lowers the water level in the glass tube. On the contrary, when the temperature is low, the gas in the glass ball contracts and the water level in the glass tube rises. Thus, we know the temperature.

Extended data:

The development history of thermometer

The ancient Greeks knew for a long time that air would expand when heated. About 2000 years ago, Alexander's hero was actually a Greek living in Alexandria, Egypt. His name was Hero. He invented something similar to a steam engine, using the principle of thermal expansion, but it was not a thermometer.

Until 1592, Galileo invented something like a thermometer, which can also measure air pressure. 16 12 years, Galileo's friend santorio santorio (1561-1636) modified Galileo's thermometer.

Until 17 13, Daniel Fahrenheit (1686- 1736) put a scale on the thermometer. First, he marked the melting temperature of ice and the temperature of healthy people, but he soon realized that the melting temperature of ice is constant, but the freezing temperature of water is changing.

1835, it was found that the normal temperature of human body was 98.6 degrees (that is, 37 degrees Celsius). Fahrenheit sometimes used alcohol as a liquid to indicate temperature, but later he chose mercury. Later, the upper limit of this thermometer was set to the boiling point of water, 2 12 degrees. This is the Fahrenheit temperature used in Britain and America.

1742, the Swedish astronomer anders celsius (170 1- 1744) located the freezing point of water at 0 degrees, and the boiling point of water at 100 degrees, and then Carolus Linnaeus (1744) located it at 0 degrees.

It is very unaccustomed to go from a country with one degree Celsius to a country with one degree Fahrenheit. It takes many years to get used to Fahrenheit, and the specific conversion is F=9/5C+32 and C=5/9(F-32), so it is still difficult to do mental arithmetic.

Kelvin introduced the concept of absolute zero in 1848, that is, minus 273.5 degrees Celsius, so zero degrees Celsius is 273. 15k, and 100 degrees Celsius is 373. 15K.

Baidu Encyclopedia-History of Thermometers