How to raise roses so as not to wither all year round?

■ As long as the following points are achieved, roses can not wither all year round.

Roses like a cool, sunny environment, and they need at least 6 hours of sunshine every day to produce good quality flowers. Its growth temperature is 15-25℃, which is too high for the growth of roses. Besides, good ventilation is also important. The sultry, humid and poorly ventilated environment is easy to make rose plants suffer from various diseases, such as black spot and powdery mildew. At present, there are generally two kinds of cultivation places: gardens and balconies. Gardens are generally planted in sunny places, with at least 2-5 hours of sunshine throughout the morning; Choose a place with good drainage and ventilation; Mix thoroughly with humus or compost before transplanting. Balcony generally takes effective drying measures; Lay curtains, don't put the flowerpot directly on the concrete; In order to prevent the drainage ditch from blocking or leaking, we should also consider living nearby; Leave it in a sunny place for 2-5 hours in the morning.

Use soil:

The soil suitable for rose growth must be loose, well ventilated and well drained. Potted soil can be sandy loam, snake sawdust and vermiculite, while roses cultivated in the open field must be planted in places without water, and the soil should be turned loose before planting. For garden planting, in order to improve the state of garden soil during transplanting, some transplanted places are dug to remove bad soil, and ruby, humus soil, dried cow dung and other substances with granular structure are mixed in the dug places. In places where roses have been planted before, transplanting new roses may worsen the growth and development of roses. In this case, new soil should be replaced. The mixing ratio of red loam with humus, dry cow dung and mixed soil is as follows: red loam 60%, humus 20% and dry cow dung 20%. It is easy to use commercially available rose culture soil. You can also use it directly. In order to further improve courage and drainage, if water conservation is mixed with 20-30% ruby soil, the soil can be used to achieve the best state.

Water should be controlled during the flowering of roses. This is the secret of good flowers. Because when the petals are unfolded, if you water them too much, the roses will absorb too much fertilizer and nutrients, and the flowers will not bloom well. If it is ordinary soil, even if the topsoil is dry, it can keep enough water during flowering. Potted roses should also be watered. Once the surface of the basin is dry, water it until the bottom of the basin can flow out. Water carefully. Water once can't make the water reach everywhere evenly. You can do it twice. Try to water it in the morning and evening in summer. If the leaves wither, water them immediately at any time.

Application of fertilizer:

Roses like fertilizer, so organic fertilizer should be added as base fertilizer when planting, and oil meal, bone meal or decomposed fertilizer can be used, and the dosage is 1/4- 1/5 of the soil. After that, topdressing once every half month, weeding can be combined with fertilization, and the soil is slightly loose, which will make the roses grow better. In the winter when roses are dormant, Wang soil is buried with fertilizer. 20-30 cm away from the base of the rose plant, dig a pit 20-40 cm deep around it. It doesn't matter if the root is broken. Add enough humus soil or compost, and after fully mixing with the soil, each rose is mixed with 500-700g of fermentation fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium of about 1:3: 1. Don't apply fertilizer in one place, apply fertilizer evenly and don't miss it. In this case, there is no need for special topdressing. Fertilizer applied in summer is half of that in winter. Because roses are in the period of growth and development, don't dig holes as deep as those dug in winter, but scatter them sparsely on the soil surface and mix well with the surrounding soil. If you dig a deep pit, it may damage the root system that absorbs water and nutrients, so pay attention.

When potted, do not mix fertilizer into the transplanted culture soil, but supplement compost. It can be a large granular fertilizer (commercially available) mixed with oil residue and bone meal. If the pot is about 20 cm, it is about three places. Stay as far away from plants as possible and bury the fertilizer at a depth that seems to be buried but not buried. When replacing, take out the old fertilizer and put it in a different place than before.

Flowering period management: In order to make potted roses bloom large and plentiful, the buds germinated when the seedlings are young should usually be picked as early as possible, and then bloom after the seedlings grow for about half a year. If you want to get bigger flowers, only keep the main buds in each branch and pick the side buds as soon as possible. On the contrary, if there are many lateral buds, there are more flowers but each flower is smaller. In flowering period, applying liquid fertilizer of grass flowers once every 10 day can prolong flowering period.

Extended data

Sijigui: Generally, it blooms in January, April, August and November, and it is also very easy to raise. Generally, you don't need to bother to plant flowers and reproduce. It is unexpected that flowers bloom all year round, but there are still ways to make Bloom use some hormones, such as "hormone pesticide" flowers as a medium.

Begonia four seasons is a beautiful flower with long flowering period, many colors and rich changes. It is not only suitable for outdoor cultivation such as gardens and flower beds, but also a good decoration for indoor family desks, coffee tables, desks and shop windows. After Qingming Festival, potted plants can be moved to outdoor shade shed for maintenance. East China should be shaded all day from April to June, but it is best to see the sun in the morning and evening; If the leaves are found to be curly and scorched, this is a symptom of being burned by the sun. When the first frost comes, you should move indoors to prevent freezing and keep warm, otherwise you will freeze to death. Interior decoration should be placed in sunny places. If the room temperature is kept above 65438 05℃ and topdressing, flowers can still bloom.

Light, water, fertilizer, temperature and stone removal are the keys to grow a good begonia. After planting, Begonia Four Seasons can receive direct sunlight in early spring, and with the increase of sunshine, it must be properly shaded.

At the same time, we should pay attention to water management. Too much water tends to rot roots, buds and branches. High temperature and high humidity are prone to various diseases. After slow seedling planting, topdressing liquid fertilizer every 10 day. Pruning long branches and old branches in time, promoting new lateral branches and strengthening pruning are beneficial to the beautiful plant shape. The soil conditions for cultivation require neutral or slightly acidic soil with rich humus and good drainage, which is afraid of both drought and water disaster.

sunlight

Begonia belongs to Begonia family in four seasons. Begonia is a perennial herb flower and belongs to Begonia with fibrous roots. Sexually like mild climate, humid environment, not cold-resistant, afraid of extreme heat, need shade in high temperature season, cool place, when the temperature is low in winter, need sufficient light. After planting, Begonia Four Seasons can receive direct sunlight in early spring, and with the increase of sunshine, it must be properly shaded.

moisture

In spring and autumn, the soil needs to contain more water, so it should be watered in time to keep it moist.

The requirement of watering work is "two more and two less", that is, spring and autumn are the growth period and flowering period. Moisture should be appropriate; The soil in the basin is slightly wet; The two seasons in Xia Dong are the semi-dormant period or dormant period of begonia. Water can be less, and the basin soil is slightly dry, especially in winter, and the basin soil should always be kept slightly dry. Also pay attention to the watering time in different seasons. Water in the sun around noon in winter, and water in the morning or evening in summer, so that the temperature difference with the soil in the basin is small, which is beneficial to plant growth. The principle of watering is "if you don't do it, don't water it. If you do it, you will water it thoroughly".

Begonia likes humid environment, but in hot summer, it is advisable to use slightly moist basin soil. Don't water it several times a day, and don't water it once every few days. Always pay attention to the wet and dry condition of the basin soil. Water it when it turns white, and don't use too much water. The watering time should be around 9: 00, try not to do it, and water it thoroughly, but you can't wait until it is completely dry.

Fertilize soil or land

Begonia should master the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently in the spring and autumn growth period, mainly applying organic thin fertilizer water or rotten and tasteless inorganic fertilizer soaking solution. Apply more nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage to promote the growth of branches and leaves; Apply more phosphate fertilizer at the flowering stage of flower buds, which will breed more flower buds and produce more bright flowers. Without fertilizer, plants will wither and even die.

During the four-season growth period of begonia, 20% bean cake water, rapeseed cake water, chicken pigeon manure or decomposed fermented human excrement and urine liquid fertilizer was applied every 1 0-1time. When applying fertilizer, we should master the principle of "thin fertilizer and more fertilizer". If the fertilizer solution is too thick or the raw fertilizer is not fully fermented, it will cause fertilizer damage, ranging from dead leaves to dead plants. After fertilization, spray water on the plants with a watering can to prevent the fertilizer solution from sticking to the leaves and causing yellowing of the leaves. In slow-growing summer and winter, applying less or stopping fertilization can avoid the tender stems and leaves, weakening the ability of heat and cold resistance and leading to rot.

Fertilization of begonia in summer should be treated differently according to new and old plants. The new plants propagated last autumn can be fertilized with some rotten pancakes after each flowering, and the suitable ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:5, twice a week 1 time, and can bloom again after two weeks. When the temperature of perennial plants or plants with weak growth is above 25℃, it is necessary to stop fertilization and wait until the rainy day is over to welcome the second flowering period.

temperature

Due to the influence of temperature in Xia Dong, the growth is slow, so it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. In hot summer, measures should be taken to avoid strong sunlight and cool down, create a small environment below 30℃ for maintenance, and keep the basin soil moist and dry. If it is too wet, the roots will rot, and if it is too dry, the leaves will wilt, as long as it is slightly wet. If too much fertilizer is applied during this period, the stems and leaves will be tender or rotten. As long as the temperature is kept above 10℃ in winter, it can be safely wintered. In the management of Xia Dong, if the temperature can be controlled below 30℃ and above 10℃, and the water is dry and wet properly, the plants will be robust and can blossom all year round.

summer

The temperature is high and the air is dry in summer. In addition to shading and ventilation, we should also sprinkle water on the ground around plants several times a day to reduce the temperature and increase the air humidity. Conditional families can set up a sand bed in the corner of the balcony or courtyard, put plants on the sand surface or sit in the sand bed, and moisten the sand while watering, which can better play the role of cooling and humidifying.

Four-season begonia likes mild and humid climate, the temperature is around 25℃ and it grows well. Single-petalled strains are propagated by sowing and are mainly used as potted flowers in winter and spring. After collecting seeds in early summer, the original plant is no longer cultivated. Double-petal varieties are propagated by cutting, and the seedlings grow vigorously, which is more heat-resistant and easy to survive in summer.

In summer, begonia should be shaded, ventilated and sheltered from rain. During the daytime from May to June, 5438+ 10, the roof of the greenhouse was shaded by reed curtains, and the doors and windows were opened for ventilation; When the temperature is high at noon on a sunny day, water can be sprayed in the greenhouse and plant leaves to increase the air humidity and reduce the temperature. Domestic begonia should be stored in a cool and ventilated place. When it rains, you can put the pot down or move to a shelter. Pay attention to dryness and wetness when watering in summer, and the soil in the basin should be moist. Too dry will cause the leaves to wither or burn; Too much moisture and stagnant water can easily lead to the root or stem decay of plants, and even lead to plant death in serious cases.

Apply liquid fertilizer every 10 day when the seedlings or cuttings of four-season begonia cross summer; In summer, old plants can apply little or no fertilizer.

winter

Begonia is not cold-tolerant. If you can keep it indoors for the winter, it will still be full of vitality and spring.

After late autumn, the temperature gradually dropped, and the growth of begonia was also inhibited. After entering the semi-dormancy state, new branches and leaves do not grow, and flowers are scarce. The temperature is lower in January and February, and sometimes it will continue to freeze. If you don't keep warm, you may freeze to death. Therefore, potted plants should be moved to a sunny place indoors before frost.

When the indoor temperature is below 5℃, the potted plants should be moved to several tables far away from the window at night to prevent the leaves from freezing. During the day, move to the sunny place on the windowsill. In order to make plants grow evenly, turn the flowerpot frequently. If the indoor temperature drops to 0℃, take cold protection measures. You can insert three or four thin bamboo sticks into the flowerpot as a bracket, then cover the flowerpot with a transparent plastic bag and seal the bottom. After the room temperature rises, there will be a lot of water droplets in the bag. At this time, the plastic bag should be removed to prevent the leaves from rotting. Indoor heating, stove heating conditions, room temperature can be controlled above 15℃, begonia grows as usual, bloom is endless, but don't put potted flowers too close to the stove to keep warm, so as not to smoke and burn.

The stems and leaves of begonia in four seasons are juicy and rich in water. After winter, they grow slowly, consume less water and should not be watered too much. Generally, every 3-4 days, when the basin surface turns white or the fingers feel hard, they should be watered once. It is advisable to keep the soil moist and dry to avoid excessive watering and sticky soil. Watering in winter is generally carried out around noon, which can narrow the temperature difference and is beneficial to plant growth. When there is a lot of dust on the leaves of plants, you can choose sunny days with warm weather and wash them gently with clear water to keep the leaves clean and bright.

Sometimes it's sunny during the day and the indoor temperature rises, so you can open the doors and windows for ventilation, and be careful not to put potted plants in the air. Four-season begonia should not be fertilized when it overwinters indoors, so as not to grow new shoots and leaves, and it will wither if it is not properly nursed.

After the end of March of the following year, the weather gradually warms up, so begonia can be moved to outdoor breeding according to the weather conditions.

Pick a heart

Another feature of begonia's four-season maintenance is collecting heart. It is the same as jasmine, rose and other flowers. When the flowers wither, we must trim the residual flowers and pick the heart in time to promote more branches. If the pruning work is neglected, the plants often grow slender, the plant shape is not very beautiful, and there are few flowers.