What are the common infectious diseases and preventive measures in summer?

As we all know, with the arrival of summer, the weather is getting hotter every day, and various microorganisms in natu

What are the common infectious diseases and preventive measures in summer?

As we all know, with the arrival of summer, the weather is getting hotter every day, and various microorganisms in nature are also becoming active, which is the season when infectious diseases occur frequently. Especially in summer, there are many common infectious diseases. The following is the content of common infectious diseases and preventive measures in summer that I have compiled. I hope you like it!

Common infectious diseases in summer and preventive measures 1. hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease named after the clinical symptoms caused by various enteroviruses. The common enteroviruses are EV7 1 and CoxA 16, and the high incidence season is from May to July. Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, and people are generally susceptible, especially infants and children under 5 years old. At the initial stage of infection, hands, feet and buttocks usually show fever. A few severe patients may not have a rash in the early stage, but they show symptoms such as drowsiness and vomiting, and then they have symptoms such as blue lips and difficulty breathing, which can lead to death in severe cases.

Expert: Most children with hand, foot and mouth disease can be treated in isolation at home and heal themselves in a week or so. However, it is necessary to closely observe the situation of children. When children have persistent high fever, or clinical manifestations of serious cases such as headache, poor spirit, apathy, myoclonia and vomiting, they should go to the hospital immediately. To prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, we should pay attention to cultivating children's good hygiene habits, washing hands frequently and opening windows for ventilation; Avoid contact with patients with fever and avoid going to crowded places; Pay attention to children's nutrition and improve their resistance.

Second, bacterial or viral diarrhea.

Common bacterial diarrhea diseases include cholera, bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, and viruses mainly include enterovirus and rotavirus. It can occur all year round, with high incidence in summer and autumn, and adults and children are susceptible to infection.

Expert: The main measure to prevent diarrhea is to "keep your mouth shut" to prevent the disease from entering the mouth, so as to achieve five no five. Five essentials: wash your hands before and after meals, cook the seafood you bought, heat it thoroughly every meal, separate raw and cooked food, and see a doctor if symptoms appear. Five noes: don't drink unboiled raw water, don't patronize unlicensed restaurants, don't eat rotten food, overeating is not desirable, and don't touch contaminated items of unsterilized patients. Toilets, tableware, floors, mops, door handles, clothes, etc. contaminated by patients' excrement should be disinfected with bleach, 84 disinfectant, peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, etc. Experts remind the public that diarrhea symptoms will generally heal quickly as long as they are treated in time, so don't use antibiotics at will. In summer and autumn, if you have diarrhea symptoms, especially severe painless watery diarrhea, you should see a doctor immediately, and people who eat with or have close contact with cholera patients should also do corresponding tests to determine whether they are infected.

Third, scarlet fever.

Scarlet fever is a common acute respiratory infection in children caused by hemolytic streptococcus. The source of infection is patients and carriers, mainly through respiratory droplets, and occasionally through contact. People are generally susceptible, and children and adolescents are more common. The main symptoms are fever, pharyngitis, typical rash and bayberry tongue.

Expert: Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, regular ventilation and moist cleaning are the keys to prevent and control scarlet fever. Parents should take their children to public places as little as possible. Nursery institutions should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections. If children are found, they should be treated in isolation immediately. Instruments contaminated by children should be boiled, cleaned and disinfected.

Fourth, mumps.

Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by mumps virus, which is widely prevalent among preschool children and adults. Its main clinical feature is parotid gland enlargement, which can also invade testis, ovary and central nervous system, leading to serious complications.

Expert: In order to prevent mumps, school-age children should be vaccinated with vaccines containing mumps in time, such as mumps or mumps vaccine. At ordinary times, we should also develop good personal hygiene habits, and the room or classroom should be ventilated frequently to keep the indoor air fresh. Isolation treatment should be carried out after mumps infection. The isolation period is generally considered to be from onset to complete disappearance of parotid gland swelling, about 3 weeks. Tableware contaminated by patients should be boiled and disinfected.

Five, chicken pox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, and it is a common acute respiratory infectious disease in children, and adults are also prone to it. The clinical manifestation is fever, and patches, papules, herpes and scabs appear in facial mucosa in batches. The source of infection is mainly patients, which can be spread through air droplets or devices to remove chickenpox, herpes and their pollution. It is contagious from 48 hours before the eruption to before the herpes completely scabs.

Expert: Because the characteristic of chickenpox rash is that multiple rash forms can appear at the same time, it is also called "four generations under one roof". This disease is a self-limited disease. After reasonable nursing and symptomatic treatment, the prognosis is generally good, and most scabs fall off without leaving scars. Patients with severe or complicated encephalitis have poor prognosis and may even lead to death. Chickenpox is highly contagious, so the respiratory tract should be strictly isolated, and the panel should be kept clean to avoid secondary infection caused by scratching herpes. Panel itching can be wiped with calamine lotion. Ordinary people should pay attention to indoor ventilation to avoid contact with acute patients. The patient's pollutants and utensils can be disinfected by boiling or sun exposure.

Six, measles

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus. The clinical manifestations are fever, conjunctivitis, upper respiratory inflammation, oral measles mucosal spots and red maculopapules on the face. Highly contagious. The patient is the source of infection, and the nasopharyngeal trachea and conjunctival secretions of the patient carry the virus from 2 days before onset to 5 days after eruption. Close contact can spread indirectly through hand pollution. People are generally susceptible to measles, and people who have not been vaccinated can get sick after contact with patients.

Expert: Measles usually takes 3-5 days from fever to rash. Fever may be accompanied by dry cough, sneezing, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, photophobia, tears and increased eye secretions. There are needle-sized gray spots on the buccal mucosa of bilateral first molars. When the rash occurs, it first appears behind the ear, gradually reaches the forehead, face and neck, and then spreads to the chest, back, abdomen and limbs from top to bottom. The condition can be aggravated when the rash breaks out. After the rash breaks out, it fades in the order of rash, accompanied by desquamation, and generally does not leave scars. The prognosis of this disease is generally good, and the severe mortality rate is high. During the epidemic, susceptible people should avoid going to public places or visiting relatives and friends. Infants and young children should be vaccinated against measles and pay attention to regular replanting.

Experts remind: In summer, due to the high temperature, food is prone to spoilage and mosquitoes and flies are rampant. If you eat unclean food or spoiled food, you are prone to acute intestinal infectious diseases. Special attention should be paid to food hygiene in summer, and tableware should be disinfected regularly. In addition, the home refrigerator is also a hotbed of bacteria, so it should be cleaned frequently. Families can prepare traditional Chinese medicines such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Water for prevention and use. In summer, families should pay special attention to mosquito control and eliminate infectious agents. First of all, we must keep the family clean and hygienic; Secondly, take a bath and change clothes frequently. Mosquitoes like the smell of sweat most, so it is very important to keep children's panels clean and dry. Pay attention to the screen doors and screens in the room. In addition, public places such as swimming pools and playgrounds are often important infectious places of various diseases, which are easy to lead to outbreaks. Therefore, we should pay attention to maintain good hygiene habits, do a good job in personal hygiene protection, wash our hands frequently, and prevent diseases from entering the mouth. In summer, if you suddenly have a high fever, listlessness, or abdominal pain and vomiting, you should seek medical advice in time.

The dietary principles for preventing epidemic diseases in summer are fresh. All fresh food ingredients and seasonings should be kept fresh.

Clean. Food should be thoroughly cleaned, and places, utensils and containers used for conditioning and storage should be kept clean.

Come on. Food should be processed and cooked as soon as possible, and cooked food should be eaten as soon as possible.

Heat. Food should be cooked before eating. Generally, bacteria above 70℃ are easy to be killed.

Refrigerate. In the process of food conditioning and storage, special attention should be paid to controlling the temperature below 7℃.

Personnel hygiene. Wash your hands thoroughly before preparing food; There is a wound on your hand, which needs to be completely bandaged before you can prepare food. The wound should not come into direct contact with food.

Eat less food in summer 1. Eat less warm fruit.

But when choosing fruits, we should be careful not to choose some warm fruits, such as litchi, longan, cherry, guava and so on. These fruits belong to temperate fruits. If you eat too much, it will not only be harmful to human health, but also lead to excessive internal heat.

Eat less nuts.

Whether resting at home or traveling, most people always like to prepare some nuts, chat and watch TV while eating, which really looks very comfortable. But you may not know that nuts will get angry if you eat too much, such as cashew nuts, pine nuts, melon seeds, almonds and pistachios. Because nuts are high in calories, if you don't pay attention to excessive consumption, it will cause internal fire, which will lead to internal fire. Therefore, when eating nuts in summer, you must keep a proper amount. 50 grams of melon seeds contain the same heat as a big bowl of rice, so nuts are also one of the foods that are very easy to get angry. Try to eat less in summer.

3. Drink less chicken soup

Summer is mainly tonic. If some restaurants still recommend black-bone chicken soup and old hen soup to make up the soup at the same temperature, it will be counterproductive. Choose duck soup or pigeon soup.

4. Eat less cold food

The weather is hot in summer, although cold food can temporarily relieve the dryness and heat, eating cold food will make the mouth cold, which will easily lead to the rapid cooling of salivary glands, tongue taste nerves and periodontal nerves, and sometimes even paralysis; It will affect the throat, cause adverse reactions such as pharyngitis or toothache, and also affect the spleen and stomach, affect the secretion of gastric juice, reduce appetite, and cause gastrointestinal diseases such as indigestion, anorexia, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

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