How to plant avocado seeds?

Soil properties nitrogen: ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate is better for alkaline soil; For acidic soil, urea, calcium nitrate or nitric acid should be calcium.

Phosphorus: ordinary superphosphate is applied before planting; Or phosphoric acid is applied through irrigation water.

Potassium: when the Cl content in irrigation water is not high, potassium chloride can be used; In the case of high Cl content, especially when plants are grafted on Cl-sensitive Mexican rootstocks, potassium sulfate is used.

Zinc: zinc sulfate, zinc oxide or zinc chelate.

Iron: Chelating compound.

Present situation of fertilization: according to leaf analysis and nitrogen application of cultivated varieties.

When there is nitrogen in some soil and irrigation water, the amount of nitrogen should be reduced; When there are few new leaves growing on the tree, and the leaves are gray, or there are many fruits (fuerte cultivated species exceeds 10t/ ha, Haas cultivated species exceeds 15t/ ha), nitrogen fertilizer should be added. See Table 8-43 for the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in avocados. Fertilizer dosage in the United States: California applies 375kg/ ha P2O5 (on shallow hillside soil) and 7.5-20 L/(aha) zinc solution (ZnO or ZnSO4) every 3-5 years. Florida applies P2O5 200 ~ 250kg/ha and K2O240 ~ 380kg/ha every year.

Israel: 500 kg/ha K2O.

South Africa: 270kg/ (aha) P2O5, 190kg/ (aha) K2O. Sometimes you need a B.

Fertilization principle

All over the world, the benefits of applying nitrogen fertilizer to avocados are obvious. Nitrogen fertilizer is usually applied more than four times a year, usually by extraction or through irrigation system. Only when the leaf analysis shows that the content of phosphorus and potassium is low can phosphorus and potassium be applied.

Zinc deficiency is the second most common nutrient after nitrogen. In some types of soil, zinc can be applied by applying fertilizer containing zinc or spraying zinc on the leaves. Spraying is most effective when the new leaves open in spring. The application of phosphate fertilizer or poultry manure will cause or aggravate zinc deficiency.

When crops grow on calcareous soil or soil with low oxygen content, they may be deficient in iron. The most effective method is to inject chelated iron solution into the root zone.

How to plant avocado seeds

Save method: 1 Judgment of raw and ripe: Avocado peel is bright green when eaten raw, and it can gradually turn black when placed. When fully ripe, the skin of the fruit turns dark black, which is a little soft to pinch and can be eaten at this time. Don't cut or eat the unripe avocado, and you can't eat the unripe avocado. 2. Storage time: The storage time of avocado varies according to the mature state of the fruit and the environmental state of storage, and can be judged according to the standard of raw and ripe judgment. Be careful not to leave it for too long, it will break ~ 3. Preservation at room temperature: avocados with low maturity will naturally mature after being placed at room temperature for three to five days. Raw avocados can be kept for 5~7 days. 4. Refrigeration: The best refrigeration temperature is 4~8℃, not lower than 4℃ to avoid frostbite. According to the maturity, the cold storage time is generally 5~ 10 day. 5. Save after cutting: Please note that the cut avocado pulp is easy to turn black when exposed to air. If you only use half at a time, please be sure to keep the half with the core, do not remove the core, sprinkle with lemon juice, wrap it in plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator.

How to plant avocados in hydroponics?

First, peel off the skin of avocado seeds, soak the lower part of avocado seeds in water, and cultivate in water at about 25℃ to make avocado seeds grow roots. When the roots grow to about 3 cm (avocado has not germinated), transplant avocado seeds into flowerpots to prevent the roots from being damaged when the roots are too long. Keep the flower soil moist, the top of avocado seeds will crack and germinate, and then take good care of it. The picture below shows a container made of beverage bottles. Avocado can be put in, which saves the pain of inserting toothpicks and is not easy to control the position. Avocado may be covered with a layer of gauze, which is breathable and can help the seeds of avocado moisturize.

Planting conditions of avocado

Chinese name avocado

Latin scientific name American pepper

Lauraceae

Also known as avocado, avocado, camphor tree pear and avocado.

Planting fertilization technology

The land for planting avocados should be a slope with deep soil layer, good drainage, low groundwater level and sunny and leeward. After the avocado orchard is completed, the planting holes are determined, and the length, width and depth are 1* 1*0.8 (m). When planting, 30Kg of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied to each hole, and Gymboree microbial fertilizer 10Kg is applied to each hole, which can activate the soil, increase nutrient fixation and reduce nutrient loss. At the same time, it can improve the quality of avocado, mature ahead of time, and greatly reduce waste fruit and residual fruit. Within three years of planting, the whole garden will be deeply plowed to improve the soil, and a ditch of 40-50 cm or annular ditch will be dug at the edge of the original planting hole every year, and Gymboree microbial fertilizer (or another Gymboree fertilizer starter can be used to ferment organic fertilizer) will continue to be applied to create a good soil growth environment for avocado roots.

In the second year after planting, avocado is accelerating its growth, so it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilization to keep up with the nutrient supply. Generally, topdressing is carried out four times a year, and animal manure, wheat bran and other scraps can be fermented into organic fertilizer by Gymboree fertilizer starter. At the same time, combined with chemical fertilizer, each plant is applied with compound fertilizer 0. 1Kg, urea 0.05Kg and potassium sulfate 0.05-0. 1Kg. Note that avocados should not use chlorine, and potassium chloride must not be used for potash fertilizer. Avocado in the third year, because it began to blossom and bear fruit, has a greater nutritional demand. It also needs topdressing four times a year, but the difference is that this year organic fertilizer should be the main fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added. In the choice of organic fertilizer, Gymboree microbial fertilizer, animal manure, wheat bran and other leftovers can still be fermented into organic fertilizer by Gymboree fertilizer starter, laying the foundation for high quality and high yield next year.

Avocado seeds can germinate in a few days.

I don't know what you mean by germination, but if you mean rooting, it will take about 20 days to 1 month. If you mean sprouting leaves, it will take about 50 days to 2 months. Below is a picture of my own hydroponics, for your reference.

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15 1.2

15 65438+1October 20th

How to make avocado seeds germinate quickly

I don't know what you mean by germination, but if you mean rooting, it will take about 20 days to 1 month. If you mean sprouting leaves, it will take about 50 days to 2 months. Below is a picture of my own hydroponics, for your reference.

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15 1.2

15 65438+1October 20th

How to cultivate butter fruit trees

Q: My avocado will slowly turn yellow after the sprouted leaves come out. If you want to change pots and mix organic fertilizer, you still can't. I ate avocado in September last year, and then buried the core in the soil and sprouted. It's always good. I don't know if avocado likes water or dry. thank you

A: Hello. Avocado, also known as avocado, camphor tree, avocado or avocado, is an evergreen tree of the genus Avocado in Lauraceae. It is native to Mexico, Ecuador and Colombia and has been cultivated in more than 40 countries all over the world. In the world encyclopedia, avocado is listed as the most nutritious fruit, with the reputation of "one avocado is equivalent to three eggs" and "poor people's cream", which is worth developing in the hot areas of China.

seedling

The seedlings of the three strains of avocado generally began to bear fruit late, with great differences, among which the Mexican strain was the earliest. The seedlings planted by the Horticulture Department of South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou1May 1986 are generally managed, and it is not too late for 1989 to bear fruit. This is a method for raising avocado seedlings. However, due to the great variation of seedling offspring, small fruit and poor quality. If economic cultivation is carried out, it is best to use grafted seedlings, which are mostly used as rootstocks.

1, seed selection and preservation

Seeds for sowing should be taken from fully mature fruits. The seed size of the same variety of fruit is also different. The seedlings grow weakly after sowing small seeds, so we should choose full big seeds.

Sow as soon as possible after removing the pulp, or you will soon lose your germination ability. Seeds should not be exposed to the sun. If the seeds cannot be sown immediately, they should be stored in a cool and dry place (about 5℃) and covered with wet sand, sawdust or moss. If you rub it with your hands and loosen it with your hands, it will be moldy, too dry and have a low germination rate. If the seeds are transported in the shade for a long distance, they can be stored in wooden boxes filled with dry sawdust and moss, or they can be wrapped in paper one by one and put in wooden boxes, which can be kept for about 100 days. It can also be stored in a closed plastic bag.

2. Seed treatment

The brown seed coat on the outer layer of avocado seeds is high in oil content, which hinders the air permeability and water absorption of the seeds. It must be peeled off before sowing, so that the seedlings can germinate quickly and grow evenly after sowing. Soak the seeds in water for a period of time, then take them out and dry them quickly in the sun, so it is easy to peel off the seed coat. Avocado seeds germinate irregularly after sowing, which brings inconvenience to future management. Soaking seeds with gibberellin (920) with a concentration of 0.05% or slightly higher for 24 hours can promote germination and make seedlings grow evenly.

Before sowing, cut a small piece (about 5 mm) from the top and bottom of the seed to germinate evenly, which is more effective for old seeds. However, the germination rate of old seeds is not as good as that of fresh seeds in any case, so try to sow them fresh.

Avocado seeds are not polyembryonic, but because their cotyledons are large and attached to the embryos, the ability of embryo tissue regeneration is very strong. If the seeds are cut into two or four pieces longitudinally and each piece is attached to the embryo tissue, two or four seedlings can grow after sowing. Therefore, if the source of seeds is difficult and rootstocks are in short supply, such cutting propagation can be carried out. Cutting seeds before sowing is not easy to make each piece with embryonic tissue, but after sowing, when the embryonic tissue grows slightly, even when the radicle has been obviously elongated, seeds can also be cut. After cutting, use potassium permanganate solution or plant ash for antiseptic treatment.

Step 3: sow.

Nursery should choose a place with sufficient water, good drainage and not vulnerable to cold and wind damage. The soil should be sandy loam with good structure, rich organic matter and deep soil layer. After careful soil preparation, the ridge was raised. Soak seeds in water for 65438 0 days before sowing to promote germination. Sow according to the grain spacing of 10 cm. The tip of the seed is upward, covering the soil to expose the seed about 1 cm, and covering the grass to keep moisture.

Seeds germinate 30 ~ 40 days after sowing. When the height of seedlings is 10 ~ 20cm, the seedlings are transplanted in different grades according to the size, and the row spacing between plants is 30cm× 60cm. Water thoroughly before moving, and dig as deep as possible to avoid damaging the roots. Pay attention to fertilizer and water management after moving. Because the root system of avocado seedlings is easily damaged by nitrogen fertilizer, only a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied when necessary, except a small amount of stable manure and phosphorus fertilizer. After about 1 year cultivation, it can be planted or grafted.

It is best to raise seedlings in containers. Seeds should be sown in a shallow tray with a height of more than 20 cm, and then moved to a plastic seedling bag for cultivation after growing to 4 leaves, which is convenient for management, beneficial to prolonging the planting period and improving the survival rate.

(2) Grafting and seedling raising

1, rootstock variety selection

There are great differences in cold tolerance, salt tolerance, disease resistance, yield and quality of avocados in different systems. Mexican strain has strong cold tolerance, many fruits and uniform seed size, and it is easy to cultivate rootstocks with uniform growth. California and the former Soviet Union adopted it as the rootstock for seedling cultivation. Some varieties in West India have poor compatibility. Because of its strong salt tolerance, the West Indies have also been adopted by some countries. Some varieties are resistant to root rot and are therefore used as rootstocks. Avocado production in China is still in the stage of introduction, trial planting and rootstock test ... >>

Planting method of avocado

involve

Avocado is a fruit tree that grows in tropical rain forest and competitive sunshine. The environment of high temperature and high humidity makes it grow rapidly, but it grows slowly if the environmental conditions are not available. Therefore, the cultivation of avocado abroad mostly emphasizes planting grass or green manure near the plant in the early stage and covering it in the rhizosphere, so as to increase the organic matter in the surface soil, form a rainforest rhizosphere environment similar to the origin, stabilize the rhizosphere ecological conditions, and promote the propagation of microorganisms that can inhibit the activities of root rot. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out tree tray seedling raising from the young tree stage to the time when the trees themselves can form mulch through fallen leaves, and before the occurrence of root rot. Covering begins in winter, and the thickness is supplemented in spring, so a good covering layer can be formed in summer. Rhizosphere mulching can also reduce soil moisture evaporation, reduce the damage of dry heat to avocado, reduce soil temperature in summer, increase soil temperature in winter, increase soil organic matter, reduce weeds and prevent soil erosion on sloping land. However, in the rainy season, it is necessary to prevent the covered soil from getting too wet.

Fertilize soil or land

The young tree period of 1 ~ 4 years after avocado planting is the period to lay the foundation for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of avocado, so rational fertilization should be used to promote the rapid growth and development of young trees. The symptoms of fertilizer deficiency in butter fruit trees are severe defoliation and branch blight. Rational fertilization of young and fruiting avocado trees depends on soil fertility, tree age, plant growth or growth and fruiting, and determines the type and quantity of fertilization. Generally, complete fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in a balanced way, and it is best to guide fertilization through nutrient analysis of soil and leaves. Organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus are deficient in red soil hilly areas in southern China, so attention should be paid to the application of potassium and phosphorus.

Young roots of avocado are easily damaged by nitrogen fertilizer. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can easily make branches and leaves grow white and delay fruiting, so we should pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer. In foreign countries, pure nitrogen 1 10 ~ 450 g is applied to each plant every year, which increases year by year with the growth of tree age, and half of them use organic fertilizer as nitrogen source. A small amount should be applied regularly in the first year after planting. In areas with frost, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped in autumn and winter, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to avoid freezing injury of winter shoots. Calcium superphosphate is 900g per plant per year. Potassium sulfate 1.8 ~ 2.2 kg per plant every year.

Drainage and irrigation

Avocado is evergreen all the year round, which needs to keep the rhizosphere soil moist all the year round and is very sensitive to soil drought. Once lack of water, its physiological function will be blocked, the tree will be weak, leading to falling leaves and fruits, and the cold resistance will be reduced in winter, so it is necessary to irrigate it properly in drought. It is very important to keep soil moisture from fruit setting to fruit ripening, if the young fruit falls off seriously in the first month of fruit setting. In Hainan Island, the dry and hot weather from April to May caused avocados to fall seriously. Therefore, if it is sunny for 10 ~ 20 days continuously, the soil in the garden will start to crack, so it should be irrigated in time; If the rainfall is lower than transpiration and evaporation for a long time, irrigation should also be supplemented. However, irrigation should be just right, both adequate and not excessive. Generally, soaking soil is appropriate. If it is too wet, it will aggravate root rot and reduce the content of soluble solids in fruit. It is best to use sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation. Excessive irrigation may lead to root rot, and drip irrigation can save water by 50% ~ 60%. If the dry leaves start to curl, you can also spray water on the crown. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season, especially in flat orchards.

Breeding mode of avocado

Reproduction by seeds and grafting.

Container seedling raising is the best, the seedling diameter can be 0.8 ~ 1 cm, and bud grafting or abdominal grafting is often used. The seedlings can be planted 50 ~ 60 cm, with the spacing of 5 ~ 6 m, and the grafted seedlings can be planted for 3 ~ 4 years or the seedlings can blossom and bear fruit for 4 ~ 6 years. The yield of adult trees is 25 ~ 50kg, and the yield is100 ~150kg.

Disease control of avocado

Avocado root rot is the most destructive disease, and the main pests are liriomyza sativae, scarab, aphids and so on.

How to grow avocado?

How to cultivate butter fruit trees, you need a ripe avocado, a glass or plastic cup and several toothpicks.

Gently cut the avocado. Don't cut the seeds inside the avocado.

Clean the seeds and remove all the pulp.

Stand the seed upright, with the tapered end facing up. Use four toothpicks to seed the middle part, about 5 mm deep.

Add water to a small and thin container (preferably a glass container). The diameter of the container should be larger than the diameter of the seed, so that the seed can have extra space. Be careful not to be too big.

Put the seeds on the container with a toothpick and let the water submerge half of the seeds. Put the conical end of the seed up and the oval smooth end into the water, otherwise the seed will not develop.

Put avocado seeds in a warm, undisturbed place, preferably near a window or other well-lit places, and the seeds will begin to sprout.

Change water for seeds every 1-2 days to ensure dirt (mold, etc. ) prevent seeds from sprouting and growing.

Make sure the seeds stay wet until they invade the water.

It takes several weeks for avocado seeds to germinate. After 2-3 weeks, the top of the seeds began to dry and crack, and the seeds began to germinate. After 3-4 weeks, the seeds began to take root.

Continue to change the water for the seeds, and be careful not to destroy the roots of the seeds. Soon the seeds will germinate, grow into trunks and then grow into permanent branches.

When the rhizome of the seed grows completely, the germination length of the trunk reaches 1 m2 (after pruning at least once). The seeds can flow all the way to the flowerpot.

Use a 20-25 cm flowerpot and fill the soil to a distance of 2 cm from the top of the flowerpot. Dig a long, thin hole big enough to hold seeds. Fill the soil around the seeds.

Water the seeds every day to keep them moist. If the leaves of the seeds turn brown, the seeds need more water. If the leaves of the seeds turn yellow, you can stop watering 1-2 days.

It can be transplanted into the garden after about 1 year.

In winter or cold season, it is best to transplant small butter fruit trees into medium-sized flowerpots and put them in warm and sunny places to ensure their good growth. Like many fruit trees, shea butter trees need two independent fruit trees to cross pollinate each other to bear fruit. You can buy an adult shea butter tree from a nearby flower farm, or you can graft it from a branch that has already grown fruit to your own avocado tree. Excessive pruning will affect the growth of trees. In order to make the main stem grow better, cut off the well-developed branch stems. Be sure to keep the soil moist, otherwise plants may stop growing or dry up. When the temperature is lower than 10 degrees Celsius, plants may stop growing. If it is potted, please put the plants indoors to know the warm season. Don't rush to transplant plants into the garden until they are fully developed.