Culture conditions of Trionyx sinensis in greenhouse

The breeding base shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 18407.4. Moreover, the surrounding area is quiet, the water is abundant, and there is no pollution source nearby. Aquaculture water shall comply with NY505 1.

The design and construction of greenhouses and aquaculture ponds shall conform to the relevant building management regulations, have good thermal insulation performance, and be equipped with corresponding heating, oxygenation, water intake and drainage equipment. Generally, 65438+100000 square meters is equipped with three 0.5-ton boilers,10 2.2 kW aerators, two granular feed machine, 150 cubic meters heating pool, 200 square meters management auxiliary room and other facilities.

The construction of aquaculture ponds should meet the requirements of the living habits of Trionyx sinensis. The size of the turtle pond is even, each area is15 ~ 20m2, the height of the pond is 0.6m, and the top of the pond wall extends inward by 8 8~ 10/0cm to prevent the turtle from escaping. The feed table is built with 3-meter-long and 0.5-meter-wide wooden boards or cement prefabricated boards, and it is submerged in water for 65438 05 cm. There is a net bag in the pool for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle to hide. The mesh bag is formed by stacking 3-4 layers of knottless mesh, which is square and has a side length of 40 cm. The net bag is hung obliquely, with a row spacing of 20cm and a nest spacing of 15cm. The distance between the net bag and the bottom of the pond 10- 15cm, and the distance between the net bag and the water surface is 5- 10cm.

Selection of turtle eggs and selection of hatched turtle eggs weigh 3-5g, and the white areas (animal poles) account for 1/3- 1/2 of the egg surface. The outline is clear, the plant is extremely pale yellow or reddish, the egg surface is shiny, and there is no variegated fertilized egg.

The hatchery with neatly stacked turtle eggs in the hatchery is heated by infrared lamp, and the temperature of the hatchery is controlled at 30℃ ~ 365438 0℃, the air humidity is 85%, and the sand humidity is 8 ~ 65438 02%. The turtle eggs can hatch after 40 ~45 days.

During the incubation process, water supply, ventilation, changing boxes up and down, and preventing enemy injuries should be done well.

Clean the turtle pond before stocking the young turtles, and spray quicklime 150 ~ 200mg/L or bleaching powder 10mg/L for disinfection.

Choose young turtles with no injuries, defects and vitality. The specifications of the turtles in the same young turtle pond should be neat, and the specifications should be greater than 3g. The young soft-shelled turtle before stocking was soaked in 20mg/L potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. The sterilized turtle larvae can be put into 2% slurry made of open feed for turtle larvae for about 65438 0 hours. When stocking, put the box or basket containing the sterilized soft-shelled turtle into the water gently, and let the soft-shelled turtle climb out and swim into the water. Keep 35 ~ 40 animals per square meter of water surface. Feed should meet the requirements of NY5072 and SC/T 1047. Feed additives shall comply with the provisions of the State Council [1999] No.266 Regulations on the Administration of Feed and Feed Additives.

It is forbidden to add hormones and synthetic pigments. The daily feeding amount is 5% ~ 8% of the turtle's weight. Before feeding, the feed is made into soft granules by a granulator and put on the feed table regularly and quantitatively, three times a day and once every eight hours. Due to the high degree of intensification and high breeding density, greenhouse culture is easy to breed germs and cause diseases, so it is necessary to strictly prevent and control diseases. However, in the process of prevention and control, it is strictly implemented in accordance with NY507 1-2002 Guidelines for the Use of Fishery Drugs in Pollution-free Foods and NY5070-2002 Residue Limits of Fishery Drugs in Pollution-free Foods and Aquatic Products. We should adhere to the principle of "comprehensive prevention and active treatment", emphasize the principle of "prevention is more important than treatment, combining prevention with control", advocate ecological comprehensive prevention and control, use biological agents, and try our best to use Chinese herbal medicines to control pests and diseases.

Applying healthy culture technology, properly controlling culture density, adding enzyme preparation, probiotics and multivitamins to feed, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients and improving the ecological environment of aquaculture water. If the growth of soft-shelled turtle is abnormal, spray it with 0.3 ~ 0.5 ppm povidone iodine or 1ppm glutaraldehyde in the whole pond.

The use of fishery drugs must be strictly implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council and the Ministry of Agriculture, and it is forbidden to use fishery drugs that have not obtained production licenses, approval numbers and product implementation standards; Prohibit the use of illegal drugs. After the use of fishery drugs, the provisions of the withdrawal period must be strictly implemented.

Each batch of Chinese soft-shelled turtle is caught twice. When 35% of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles reach the specification of 0.35 kg, the first fishing is carried out, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtles with the specification of more than 0.35 kg are caught in the market. Two months after the first fishing, the second fishing was carried out, and all the remaining Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the pond were caught and listed. Turtles have the characteristics of "three joys and three fears", that is, they like quietness and fear of shock, like the sun and the wind, like cleanliness and filth, timid and gluttonous, aggressive with each other and strong climbing skills. The location of Guitang must be quiet, sheltered from the wind and sunny, with fresh water and good soil quality.

The turtle pond should be closed to prevent escape and theft, and special attention should be paid to escape at the entrance and exit. The water bodies between ponds should not be interconnected, and the inlet and outlet should be strictly separated. Soil ponds are more suitable for ecological farming. According to the investment scale and local size, four types of ponds should be built as far as possible, namely parent ponds, adult ponds, larval ponds and larval ponds. No matter what kind of turtle pond, it is necessary to ensure that the turtles have enough back threshing ground and farms. In general, the ecological culture of Trionyx sinensis in ponds is mainly based on self-propagation and self-propagation. If you need to buy seeds, you should choose seedlings with strong physique, no damage in appearance, basically the same size and no medical history, so as to reduce mechanical damage and disease source transmission during transportation.

In addition, there are two points that must be paid attention to when purchasing seedlings. First, the young soft-shelled turtle purchased before overwintering should not be less than 5g/ turtle, preferably the first or second batch of young soft-shelled turtle introduced from abroad in that year. This turtle fry still has a feeding growth time of 1-2 months before overwintering, and its individual can generally reach more than 10g before overwintering, which can ensure the overwintering survival rate of more than 95%. If the introduced baby soft-shelled turtle is less than 5g, it will soon enter the wintering period, and the survival rate of the baby soft-shelled turtle is low, so it is difficult to ensure the wintering survival. The second is to buy young turtles to develop commercial turtles. It is best not to introduce young turtles cultured in greenhouses, and try to buy disease-free and harmless young turtles naturally cultured in ponds. If you must buy young soft-shelled turtles cultured in greenhouses, you must pay attention to the time, and the water temperature in the pond is stable above 25℃. It is generally required to buy after mid-June, otherwise the young soft-shelled turtle in the greenhouse will be transferred to the pond prematurely, and the environment will change too much, which will lead to many soft-shelled turtle diseases. In addition, young soft-shelled turtles must be packed in cloth bags before being transported in baskets or bags. ① Feed selection The feed types for ecological turtle breeding in ponds in Dongting Lake area, represented by Nanxian County, are generally divided into three categories: first, fresh fish, mainly white line; Second, small fish and freshwater crayfish; The third is commercial feed. According to the author's investigation for many years, the feed for ecological turtle breeding in ponds should be mainly commercial feed, supplemented by quantitative fresh materials. The main method is that young turtles and young turtles use pollution-free high-quality commercial feed, and the adult commercial feed and fresh feed account for half respectively, which can not only ensure the growth speed of turtles, but also ensure their good quality. If all fresh feed and dried fish are used, firstly, the growth rate of soft-shelled turtle is slow; Second, it is nearly twice as high as the cost of using commercial feed; Third, turtle diseases are many and difficult to control.

Domestic famous brand feed for commercial feed is obviously superior to other common feeds. Under the same conditions, its growth rate is 1000-30%, which can save feed cost by more than 10%. For example, after three years of breeding, the first batch of young soft-shelled turtles can reach 2.9 kilograms, with an average of 1.3 ~ 1.4 kilograms, and the feed cost per kilogram of soft-shelled turtles is only about 17 yuan. With other feeds, the average individual is less than 1 kg, and the feed cost is more than 20 yuan/kg.

In addition, fresh feed should be selected flexibly according to the source and price of raw materials, and dried fish should be avoided as far as possible. No matter what kind of fresh feed must be crushed and mixed with commercial materials.

(2) Feed feeding A. Set the feeding table reasonably. According to the size of the pond and the number of turtles, the feeding platform should be set up reasonably, with no less than 3 water surfaces per mu. The feed table is mainly made of asbestos tiles of 50 cm X 150 cm. B. frequency and frequency of feeding. Feed feeding should be "four fixed", that is, timing, positioning, qualitative and quantitative; You also need to "look at three things", that is, look at the weather, look at the water temperature, and look at the eating situation to master it flexibly. The general principle is to feed it twice a day, that is, once in the morning and once in the evening, and eat it within 1.5 hours each time. Among them, once in the morning accounts for about 40% of the whole day.

③ Water quality control: First, add as much fresh water as possible in high temperature season, add Hanbao water quality improver, and adhere to the principle of less quantity and more times. Second, the water hyacinth should be kept in the turtle pond, accounting for 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the water surface. Third, patrol the pond 2 ~ 3 times a day to observe the activities, food intake and water quality of soft-shelled turtle. Turtle diseases can be prevented and cured, and the ecological breeding of turtles focuses on prevention. One is to control stocking density,

The designed yield per mu is about 300 kg. The second is to choose suitable feed varieties. If you use ice bloodshot, dried fish and crayfish, you must add turtle multidimensional. The third is to regulate the water quality to ensure that the water in Guitang is fresh for a long time. The specific preventive measures are as follows: ① Pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of the pond. Wash the pond with bleaching powder and copper sulfate, with 5 kilograms of bleaching powder and 2 kilograms of copper sulfate per mu of water surface, and sprinkle water on the whole pond. (2) Before the soft-shelled turtle is transferred to the pond or the purchased seedlings are put into the pond, it must be soaked with a seed soaking agent. ③ In addition to water quality control, drug prevention is also necessary to prevent turtle diseases. First, from the end of April to the beginning of May every year, the whole pool is sprinkled with ciliate drugs, such as Qianchongqing and Jiakejing. Second, every 20 days or so, sprinkle the pool water with quicklime, bleaching powder, bactericidal green, strong iodine complex or chlorine-containing disinfectant. The above drugs should be used alternately, and one drug cannot be used for a long time.

The prevalent soft-shelled turtle diseases in Dongting Lake area mainly include white spot disease, rotten skin disease, perforation disease, hemorrhagic disease, spontaneous floor disease and malnutrition. Here are some treatments for turtle feet.

White spot disease mainly harms young soft-shelled turtle, with white spots all over the body, which is very harmful. The treatment measures are mainly "Zidianjing+Yukanle 1No. +Vc" mixed feed, and at the same time, the whole pool is sprayed with high-efficiency fungicides such as bactericidal green, strong collaterals and iodine for more than 3 days.

Sterile green is the first choice for the treatment of rotten skin perforation, spraying it in the whole pool for more than 2 times, and taking Youkangle 1 and high stability and easy-to-reduce Vc orally for 4 ~ 5 days.

Hemorrhagic disease treatment: spraying high-efficiency disinfectants such as bactericidal green and strong collateral iodine in the whole pool, and taking Hanbao Xueting and Hanbao Guiduowei orally for 2 days and 5 days.

White floor disease is one of the two diseases with the highest mortality at present. It is mainly treated in the early stage of the disease, but it is difficult to cure if people enter the middle and late stage of the disease. Spraying bactericidal green or strong iodine and other high-efficiency fungicides for external use for 3 consecutive days; Oral administration of "Bai Dijing+Yu 1", Hanbao soft-shelled turtle and Gantai for more than 7 days has better curative effect. In order to prevent recurrence, another course of medicine was used ten days later.

Malnutrition causes swelling of the turtle's body or protrusion of the carapace and abdomen, poor eating ability and weakened chess playing ability, especially crawling death caused by overwintering, which usually occurs in turtle ponds that mainly eat small dried fish, chilled fish or rotten feed. Its control measures: first, choose high-quality commercial feed, second, fresh fish should not be frozen, and third, add Hanbao turtle to fresh feed for a long time.