Algeria

Algeria is located in northwest Africa, with a land area of 2.38 million square kilometers and a population of 33.2 million, most of whom are Arabs. Algeria ranks second in Africa, second only to Sudan, and third in economic scale, second only to South Africa and Egypt. Most of Algeria's population lives in the northern coastal area, and the rest is covered by the Sahara desert. Rich in oil and natural gas resources, it is known as "North Africa oil depot". The oil and gas industry is the backbone of Algeria's economy. Most oil and gas products are exported, and the export income of natural gas and oil accounts for more than 90% of the country's foreign exchange income.

In 2006, Algeria's GDP was about US$ 654.38+005 billion, per capita GDP was US$ 3,443, economic growth rate was 5.2%, foreign exchange reserves were US$ 77.78 billion, foreign debt was US$ 5 billion, and total import and export volume was US$ 73.8 billion. Thanks to the stable political situation, stable oil export and good financial situation, Algeria's economy has maintained a high-speed growth momentum.

I. Reserves and resources

The main minerals in Algeria are oil and natural gas. Other minerals include coal, iron ore, lead ore, zinc mine, gold mine, mercury mine, tungsten mine, tin mine, uranium mine, rare earth metal, phosphate, salt mine, barite, marble, diamonds and precious stones. See table 1 for the main mineral reserves.

Table 1 Major Mineral Reserves and Reserve Basis of Algeria

Source: ① Summary of Mineral Commodities, 2007;

②BP Review of World Energy Statistics, 2005;

③ Mineral Yearbook, 2005.

Oil and gas

By the end of 2005, the remaining proven oil reserves were 654.38+555 million t and natural gas reserves were 4.545 billion m3. At present, there are more than 180 oil and gas fields in China, which are mainly distributed in oil and gas-bearing basins in eastern and northeastern Algeria.

There are many oil-bearing basins in Algeria, such as Sherif basin in the north and Constantine basin in the southeast, Great Plateau basin in the northwest, Tindouf basin in the west, Hasihome basin in the middle, Regan basin and Ahnet basin in the south-central part, Ilitz basin and Triassic basin in the east and northeast. Yili basin and Triassic basin are the most important oil and gas accumulation areas. The Iliz Basin is located in the border area between eastern Algeria and Libya, with an area of about 1 10000 km2. Cambrian and Carboniferous strata are more than 3000 meters thick. The main source rocks in the basin are Silurian graptolite shale, and the black shale of Middle and Upper Devonian may also generate oil. Oil and gas fields are mainly gentle structural traps in the north-south direction.

coal

Mainly concentrated in Bersars basin on the western border, it is produced in late Carboniferous sediments and has few reserves. Coal contains 8% ~ 20% ash, 20% ~ 35% volatile and 2% ~ 3.5% sulfur.

ironstone

Iron ore resources are mainly distributed in the north and southwest. The largest Devonian oolitic deposit iron ore (Gara Djebilet iron ore in Bilit, Garage iron ore in Maisheri Abraziz and Mecheri Abdelaziz iron ore) was found in the syncline valley of Tindouf platform in southwest Algeria, with a total reserve of 4.2 billion t and iron content of 57%. Contact metamorphic iron ore (distributed in Wenza Ouenza area, Burkhard La area of Buhari Fort and Jebel Hanini-Setif area of Hani-Setif Mountain) was found in reef limestone in northern Algeria, with a total reserve of over 70 million tons and iron content of 60%.

Manganese ore

Manganese reserves are not large. The UEDGETARA deposit belongs to volcanic hydrothermal type, which is produced in Bersal province, with a total reserve of 654.38+500,000 t and a manganese content of 40% ~ 50%.

lead zinc ore

The total reserves of lead and zinc rank second in Africa, mainly distributed in northern Algeria. The deposits are layered, veined (polygenic hydrothermal type) and lenticular veined (hydrothermal type) polymetallic deposits. Layered sediments occurred in Jurassic (El Abede and Jagelian deposits) and Cretaceous (Koljett Yue Se loss, Meslula and Ishmuri mountain deposits) carbonate sediments. Vein deposits occur in Cretaceous sandy clay rocks (Gruma and Sa camozzi deposits) and are produced by diapir folds of Triassic evaporite. Copper reserves are relatively small, mainly distributed in southeastern Algeria. The proven lead-zinc mine reserves in Algeria are 6.5438+500,000 tons. The Oued Amizour lead-zinc mine, the largest in Wadi Amizur, has an average zinc content of 1 1.0%, a lead content of 3.2% and a thickness of 48 meters.

Copper mine

Copper-bearing polymetallic deposits belong to volcanic origin and epithermal type. The deposits occur in Cretaceous-Neogene strata, and are related to Miocene volcanic rocks (such as Busufa and Ued Elkobbi Li deposits) and granites (such as Buduka, Achach, Ain Balbal and Kefum Djebbour deposits). Copper-bearing sandstone occurrences are found in Cretaceous and Triassic sediments (Ain Ciebra and Sarralle basement in western Atlas), Precambrian sediments (Bentain in Yugar District) and Wende sediments (Hanke).

Mercury mine

The total reserves of mercury rank first in Africa, and the main deposits are located in Cretaceous terrigenous clastic rocks and Precambrian schists in the northeastern annaba area. The metal reserve of Ganisa deposit is 4,500 tons, and the mercury content in the ore is 1. 16%. Muras Ma deposit has a metal reserve of 7,700 tons and a mercury content of 3.9%. The Ishmann mercury mine has been mined.

antimony ore

Antimony reserves rank second in Africa. The deposit is mainly located in northern Algeria. Knubel deposit in Hamam belongs to ultra-low temperature deposit.

tungsten ore

Tungsten reserves rank first in Africa. It is mainly distributed in the Ahagar area in the southeast, and the main deposits are Nahda (Laoni), Tinamero, El Marcelo Carrusca, Bashir, Tiftazunin and so on. These deposits are timely cassiterite vein deposits. There is also Beresheta skarn scheelite deposit in northern Algeria.

gold mine

Gold is concentrated in the Hogar area of Hogar in southern Algeria. The Tirek gold mine in Jileh is 400 km away from Tamanrasset in lasseter, Taman Province, with a proven geological reserve of 730,000 t and an average gold grade of 65,438+08g/t.. Amice's Misa Ames Sa gold mine is located 460km west of lasseter City, Taman Province, with a proven geological reserve of 3.38 million tons and an average gold grade of 65,438+08g/t. Abiko gold mine is a network vein gold mine with a proven geological reserve of 486,5438+00,000 tons, an average gold grade of 65,438+0.7g/t and a proven geological reserve of 28,838.

Algeria's gold reserves are 100t, and its total resources are 200t.

phosphate

Phosphate is distributed in Jebel Vunk Phosphate Basin in Wengke Mountain in northern Algeria, with a reserve of 2 billion tons, ranking fifth in Africa. Phosphate rocks are generally granular and occur in clay carbonate sediments in Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. The largest deposit is Jebel Ong, followed by Elkuyf and Muzaita deposits.

barite

The reserves rank second in Africa. The deposits found in northern Algeria are: Muzhabu vein deposit with a reserve of 265,438+500,000 t and a BaSO4 content of 90%; Afensu, Boumani, Val Cheinisse and Sitikambel deposits. Bukais and Abadela barite veins are distributed in Bersars area.

diamond

A diamond placer was discovered in Reggane, Lagan, Algeria. The main purpose of exploration work is to find primary diamond deposits in West Africa block.

Decorative stone

Decorative stones are mainly distributed in Oued Madakh serpentine mine in Wadi Maddah, oran province, Ain Temuput A? Hassi Ghala travertine and limestone mine in Hassela, Né mouchet region, Ténès limestone mine in Tanes, Ein Temuput A? Menger Dhar El Mendjel black limestone mine in Né mouchet area, Djebel Dyr wormlike limestone and flint mine in Daier Mountain in Tébessa area, Djebel Def black limestone mine in Gerda Dave Mountain, Gerda? Gypsum flowers and silicified wood mines in Valgra Ouargla and Béchar provinces. These decorative stone mines have various colors, uniform texture, bright colors, convenient transportation and easy open-pit mining.

A carved gem

Include emeralds, corundum, topaz, zircon, emeralds, timely crystals, kyanite, fluorite, agate and chalcedony.

Bentonite

It is distributed in Maghnia area of Tertiary volcanic basin in western Algeria and Mostaganem area of Mustaghanam, adjacent to ports, highways and railways, with convenient transportation.

Yanyan pit

Algeria is rich in salt resources, with rock salt resources of 654.38+0 billion t and lake salt resources of 654.38+0.5 billion t, mainly distributed in salt lakes in southeastern Algeria. Algeria's salt resources are still very promising and can be exported in large quantities.

Other minerals include kaolin, diatomite, dolomite, feldspar, fluorite, tin ore, uranium ore, niobium, tantalum, rubidium, gypsum, perlite and talc.

Second, the mining industry.

Algeria is an important mining country in Africa. The production of oil and natural gas occupies an extremely important position, accounting for 76% of Algeria's government revenue and more than 30% of Algeria's GDP. In addition, ammonia, clay, cement, gold mine, helium, iron ore, methanol, phosphate, sodium salt, steel and zinc also have a certain output (Table 2).

Table 2 Output of Main Mineral Products in Algeria

Source: ① Mining Annual, 2004;

② Mineral Yearbook, 2005;

③/a article/ztdy/200605/2006050228985 1 . html .

From a regional perspective, the EU is Algeria's largest trading partner. In 2005, Arab-European trade totaled 35.25 billion US dollars, accounting for 54.7% of Arab foreign trade. A 1 107 billion USD imported from the EU; Exports to the EU amounted to US$ 2,465,438+800 million.

The total trade volume between the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (except EU countries) and Algeria ranks behind the EU. In 2005, the trade volume between Albania and the member countries of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation reached $654.38 billion+8.27 billion euros. Among them, Albania imported US$ 3.47 billion from countries of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation and exported US$ 654.38+04.8 billion to these countries.

Algeria's trade with Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa and other parts of the world is relatively small. In 2005, the total trade with these areas was $654.38+009 billion.

Table 4 Major importers and import value of Algeria in 2005: millions of US dollars.

Sources: China people * * * and China people in Algeria * * * and the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Embassy of China.

/a article/ztdy/200605/2006050228985 1 . html .

From a national perspective, the United States, France and Italy are Algeria's first, second and third largest trading partners respectively. In terms of exports, the United States is Algeria's largest export destination, and Algeria exported products to the United States for the whole year of 654.38+0.046 billion US dollars; Followed by Italy's US$ 6.95 billion, Spain's US$ 4.98 billion, France's US$ 4.49 billion, Brazil's US$ 2.89 billion, the Netherlands' US$ 2.64 billion and Canada's US$ 265.438+70 billion. Albania's exports to the above seven countries account for about 78% of Albania's total exports. In terms of import volume, France is Algeria's largest source of imports, reaching US$ 4.43 billion, followed by Italy with US$ 654.38+0.5 billion, the United States with US$ 654.38+0.3 billion, China with US$ 654.38+0.29 billion, Germany with US$ 654.38+0.23 billion and Spain with US$ 950 million. Albania's imports from the above six countries account for about 54% of Albania's total imports. In 2005, China surpassed German and became the fourth largest source of Algerian imports.

Four. Mining policy

Algeria promulgated the investment law on 1993, encouraging private investment and giving many preferential policies, giving foreign investors national treatment and actively attracting foreign investment. The investment bill stipulates that: except for strategic sectors restricted by the state, a free investment policy shall be implemented; Foreign-funded enterprises and domestic-funded enterprises pay the same income tax at a rate of 42%. However, priority projects that meet Algeria's national economic development plan are exempt from tax for the first three years, and the tax is reduced by 50% and 25% in the fourth and fifth years respectively. Foreign-funded enterprises are exempt from land tax for five years. At present, the investment law has been continuously improved and implemented well.

The oil and gas industry is the most important industry in Algeria. According to the Algerian oil and gas law, the Algerian government levies 85% corporate profit tax on SONATRACH and foreign oil companies engaged in oil and gas exploration, development and refining in Algeria, which can be reduced to 75% or 65% depending on the implementation area. Algerian national oil and gas companies and foreign oil companies engaged in oil and gas pipeline transportation, natural gas liquefaction and oil and gas separation in Afghanistan are subject to 38% corporate profit tax, and the professional behavior tax and value-added tax of the above companies are exempted.

At present, investors in Algeria mainly include Egypt, the United States, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and other West Asian countries. In terms of oil and gas development, 1986, Algeria allowed foreign capital to set foot in the oil and gas field for the first time. So far, Algeria has signed more than 50 cooperation agreements with nearly 20 countries including the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Japan and China, and nearly 50 international oil companies have come to Algeria to participate in oil and gas exploration and development. Up to now, the total foreign investment attracted by the oil and gas sector in Afghanistan has exceeded 654.38+0 billion US dollars. Among many companies, American oil companies rank first, with an investment of over US$ 5 billion, accounting for 35%, followed by Italian, Australian, British, Canadian, French, Spanish and China.

Algeria has a controlled floating exchange rate system, and the central bank controls all foreign exchange resources.

As one of the world's largest export credit guarantee financial institutions and authoritative economic organizations, France Foreign Trade Insurance Company ranked Algeria as a B-level, that is, a small-risk investment country according to seven indicators in 2004, including political stability, foreign exchange reserves, repayment ability, currency depreciation risk, bank risk, economic situation and payment status.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) view

Because Algeria is close to Europe and rich in oil and gas resources, Algeria's oil and gas industry has always been the main sector to attract foreign investment. Algeria is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, and its oil production is limited by the production quota of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. At present, the Algerian government plans to increase oil and gas production and increase oil and gas exports.

The Algerian government is actively expanding natural gas exports. At present, Algeria is connected with Europe through two natural gas pipelines. One is a trans-Mediterranean pipeline, with a length of 1.078km and a transportation capacity of 65.7 million m3/ day, which starts from Hasilumel gas field and finally reaches Italy via Tunisia. The other is the Maghreb European natural gas pipeline, with a length of 1.609km and a transmission capacity of 23.22 million m3/ d, connecting Hasi Rumaille gas field and Spain through Morocco.

Algeria also plans to build three new natural gas pipelines: Medgaz natural gas pipeline between Algeria and Europe, which is expected to be completed in 2008; The new pipeline between Algeria and Italy is expected to be put into use in 2008; A new 7 160km gas pipeline will be built between Wali gas field and Hasrumaille gas field.

With the growth of oil and gas production and export, Algeria has become an important supplier of international energy market.

Algeria is the second largest producer of lead and zinc in Africa, and has made great discoveries in recent years. With the rising price of lead and zinc in the international market, the exploration and development of lead and zinc may also provide important opportunities for the development of Algerian mining industry.

Main references

Omar shabani. Algeria, Annual Review of Mining 2004.

[2] Summary of Mineral Commodities in 2007

[3]Philip M.Mobbs, Mining in Algeria. United States Geological Survey, Mineral Ydarbook, 2005.

[4] Xia Jinghua. Current situation of oil and gas industry in Algeria. Contemporary Petroleum and Petrochemical, No.2, 2006

[5] Zheng Liu. Mining investment environment in Algeria. Resources and Industry, No.4, 2002

[6] Wang, China-Arab energy cooperation. Arab World Studies, No.2, 2007.

[7] Algerian Ministry of Energy and Mining, index.shtml