Sun Simiao, the drug king of the drug king festival.

Sun Simiao (about 58 1 ~ 682) was a famous Taoist and medical doctor in the Tang Dynasty.

It is said that Sun Simiao is good at Yin and Yang, pushing steps, and understanding numbers is very skillful. Life is not official, hidden in the mountains. Collect medicine and treat diseases in person. He collected folk prescriptions and secret recipes, summarized clinical experience and previous medical theories, and made important contributions to medicine and pharmacology. Later generations respectfully called him "the King of Medicine".

Sun Simiao, a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), was born in the first year of Sui Wendi (58 1) and died in the first year of Yongchun (682) at the age of1kloc-0/. Some people think that Sun Simiao was born around 542 AD and died in 682 AD at the age of 140 (we think the latter is more correct, so the latter shall prevail). People regard him as a "fairy" and respectfully call him a "drug king".

He studied hard since he was a child, and began to study at the age of seven, reciting more than 1000 words every day. He is called the "holy boy". By the age of 20, he has mastered all the philosophers, both those who are good at talking about Zhuang and Lao, and those who are good at understanding classics, and their knowledge is very profound. The Sui and Tang emperors asked him to be an official many times, but he refused to accept his resignation and decided to study medicine. His understanding comes from his personal experience. When I was a child, I was weak and sick, and I often sought medical treatment. "The money for soup and medicine is used up." The poor people around him, like him, were poor because of illness, and some died tragically without treatment, which made him feel: "Life is a matter of life, and there is a precious daughter. One side helps others, and the virtue does not stop there (preface to "A Thousand Daughters Want a Party"). So from the age of eighteen, he "determined to study medicine" and made great efforts. The so-called "youth" (clothes worn by ancient students, hereinafter referred to as students entering the school) is a code name of nobility. During the years of Bai Shou, I have never published this volume ("Advance Party Yao Xu"). After such a long period of hard study, he achieved profound medical attainments and became a leader in the medical field of Sui and Tang Dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Lin Bu praised: "Sun Simiao was a good doctor in Tang Dynasty. ".

His book "For Urgent Use", referred to as "Thousand Girls", has a total of 30 volumes and is extremely rich in content. It is divided into general medical theory, women, teenagers, children, seven orifices, various winds, beriberi, typhoid fever, viscera, carbuncle, detoxification, emergency, dietotherapy, pulse smoothing, acupuncture and so on. * * * counted 232 doors and received 5300 pieces. It is particularly noteworthy that the book pioneered the "compound prescription". The style of Treatise on Febrile Diseases is one disease with one side, but Sun Simiao developed into one disease with many sides in Qian Jin Fang Yao, and flexibly revised Zhang Zhongjing's classic prescription. Sometimes two or three classics are combined into a "compound prescription" to enhance the therapeutic effect; Sometimes a classic prescription is divided into several prescriptions to treat a disease respectively. This is Sun Simiao's great contribution to medicine and a great innovation in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Forward Fang Yi is the complement of forward Fang Yao. The title of the book contains the meaning of complementing each other and spreading wings and flying. This 30-volume book contains unprecedented drugs in herbal books before the Tang Dynasty, and supplements many prescriptions and treatments. More than 800 drugs were loaded for the first time. These two books, collectively called Qian Jin Fang, have collected a large number of medical materials, which are systematic summaries of medical achievements before the Tang Dynasty, the earliest existing medical works in China, and have important reference value for studying and studying China traditional medicine. In the Song Dynasty, Guo Si spoke highly of each other, saying that "the world knows this book as a treasure of medical classics" (Qian Jin Bao Yao). Xu Dachun, a medical scientist in the Qing Dynasty, also thought that the book was "meaningful, medicinal and indelible" (Origin of Medicine). This book is not only popular at home, but also affects foreign countries, such as North Korea and Japan. In 608 AD, Japanese doctors who came to China to study medicine brought the Thousand Golden Formulas back to Japan, which had a far-reaching impact on Japanese traditional Chinese medicine.

Sun Simiao's medical level is very high, and he has made many unique contributions, because he combined with practice and learned from others with an open mind. Among them, the treatment of beriberi is the best. Berberis is caused by the lack of vitamin B in human body. This disease has been afflicting people south of the Yangtze River for many years. On the basis of learning from predecessors and summing up the experience of the masses, Sun Simiao finally put forward a magical and simple prevention and control scheme after long-term exploration, that is, using drugs containing vitamin B 1 such as Stephania tetrandra, Asari, rhinoceros horn, castor leaves, Sichuan pepper, Saposhnikovia divaricata and Evodia rutaecarpa, and using rice bran (skin structure) containing vitamin B 1 to make porridge. Europe began to study beriberi in A.D. 1642, but Sun Simiao discussed it in detail about 600 years ago and mastered the correct prevention and treatment methods, which was a whole thousand years earlier than Europe.

Sun Simiao paid special attention to maternal and child health care and was a pioneer in gynecology. He put gynecology and pediatrics in a prominent position in Qian Jin Fang Yao's first three volumes of Gynecology and one volume of Pediatrics. He also broke the bad habit of "fragmented" in the medical field at that time and advocated comprehensive therapy to treat diseases. He said: "The way to be a good doctor is to check the pulse prescription first, then acupuncture, help each other inside and outside, and get well." He himself is very good at medication and acupuncture. He doesn't ask patients "rich or poor", regardless of "cold and summer, day and night, hunger and fatigue, and wholeheartedly save people". Once, on the road, he saw several people carrying coffins in front of him, with some blood dripping in the coffins, followed by an old woman, crying. This situation caught his attention. When asked, I realized that the "dead man" in the coffin was the only daughter of an old woman who had just died in childbirth. He told the old woman that his mother was not dead. So the coffin was opened for rescue. At first glance, the lying-in woman looks sallow and bloodless, just like a dead person, but at the touch of it, her pulse is still beating slightly. Sun Simiao chose acupuncture points and only got one needle. Soon, the mother woke up and the fetus gave birth smoothly. Seeing that the mother and son were saved, everyone was grateful and praised his medical skills in unison. "A Picture of Famous Doctors in Past Dynasties" praised: "Tang Sun is a real person, and the prescription and medicine are unparalleled. He wants to help and save the weak, like God (Compendium of Materia Medica). During his life, Sun Simiao made great contributions to medical care. When he died, he made a will: "Bury it thinly, don't hide the funerary wares, and sacrifice it to the prison." This spirit is very valuable. He is deeply loved and admired by the people. People in his hometown built a temple and a monument for him, and renamed his secluded Wutai Mountain "Wang Yaoshan". Up to now, there are many historical sites related to Sun Simiao, such as Wang Yao Temple, Baizhen Terrace, Taixuan Cave, Qianjinbao Yao Bei and Medicine Washing Pool. This also shows how deeply people feel for him. The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is a national Buddha's birthday festival (Buddha Bath Festival), which is said to be the birthday of the Buddha. April 8th is Yao Wang's birthday. People in my hometown don't seem to know that in other places, this day is the birthday of Buddha, not Wang Yao.

April 8th is Yao Wang's birthday. According to the traditional custom in my hometown, the medicinal properties of all medicinal materials will be enhanced that day, so the medicinal materials collected that day will be better than usual. To give a few examples, such as Gangmei, when she was a child, she always liked to dig Megan before April 8, and her mouth was full of sweetness. After April 8, Gangmegan is bitter, not sweet. Whether this is the case has not been confirmed. Another example is the red fern, which everyone collects and eats before April 8. Although the red fern is astringent, it can be removed after soaking for a period of time. After April 8, the red fern will be too bitter to eat, but the red fern collected that day can become a good medicine after being cooked and dried, which is very effective for diarrhea and loss of appetite. Hometown people say that bitter things will make the stomach "rust" and increase appetite. My hometown has always had the habit of picking herbs and cooking herbal tea on that day. The story of Sun Simiao, the drug king, was mentioned in the ancient history class of junior middle school. Will the Medicine King Festival in my hometown have anything to do with Sun Simiao? However, many times later, the search failed, and the hometown people of the older generation did not know who the drug king was.

Over the years, I have asked many people if they know that April 8 is the birthday of Yao Wang, but they can't get a definite answer. In order to find out the origin of the birthday of the hometown drug king, many textual researches have been carried out. I read in the book that April 8th is the traditional Buddha's Birthday Festival in China, which can be described as a religious festival. I looked it up on the internet, and it was all explained in this way. There was no record of the drug king's day on April 8. People in my hometown are not religious, so naturally there will be no Buddha's Birthday, but there will be a rare Medicine King's Day. I once wrote an article speculating that people in my hometown don't believe in God, but believe in others, which embodies the principle of Hakka people-oriented and self-reliance. There is also a saying in my hometown that April 8 is the day of medicine king. Finally, there are other places that celebrate Medicine King Day on April 8th, instead of Buddha's Birthday (Bath Buddha Festival)! Because of the mystery of Yao Wang's birthday, I have always kept it in mind. Therefore, when Xue Ping said that April 8th was also her medicine king day, her whole body was filled with inexplicable excitement. Xue Ping is in the upper part of Zijin County, and I am in the lower part. The two places are far apart, so April 8 th should not be a small-scale local festival. It is likely that most places have forgotten this festival.

Now, the information about Wang Yaojie that can be found on the Internet is a traditional festival of Zhuang nationality. It is said that Wang Yao is the medicine god of Zhuang nationality. He discovered herbs, cured people and taught people the knowledge of planting, collecting and treating diseases. In the past, all the larger villages in the Zhuang area had temples of drug kings, and every year during the Dragon Boat Festival in May, the drug kings were sacrificed, and activities of collecting medicines and preventing diseases were carried out. One is the Spring Equinox Medicine King Festival in Ren 'an County, Hunan Province; In addition, there is another saying that is close in time: the drug king, generally referred to as Shennong in the local area, is said to have tasted a hundred herbs and prescribed medicine. There is also a famous doctor named Bian Que as the medicine king, and a doctor named Sun Simiao as the doctor, each with its own legend. There is a statue of Shennong in Xiahuo Temple in Shifang West Town. He was naked, covered with leaves, and holding a hundred herbs of Ganoderma lucidum. Another red puppet was used to drive a car during the meeting of Yaowang. On the left side of the sacrifice, there is a bedroom and a wife, just like a stranger. At noon on April 28th every year, colorful flags are flying, gongs and drums are loud, and the statue of Yaowang is carried on the colorful bridge and paraded around the city. By the end of the term, there were eight gangs in the counties and provincial capitals of western Sichuan, including Jinyu, Department Store and Keng, who got together to catch the meeting. The family's migration history does not record that they have been to the above places. It seems that they have nothing to do with Yao Wang's birthday in his hometown.

Aside from the drug king, April 8 is also the watershed of the solar terms. There is a saying in my hometown: it can't be managed well before April 8. In the old society, in the countryside, in the cold winter, straw was woven into a blanket (known as "straw blanket" in hometown, which is also commonly known as straw mat) and spread on the mat to keep warm. When I was a child, I also slept on a straw blanket, which kept me warm as well as the current mattress! Proverbs show that the weather will really warm up only after April 8, and it will no longer be changeable.