The Original Text of Farewell in the Mountain and Its Appreciation

Farewell to friends, I have watched you go down in the mountains,

Until now, in the dark, I closed the thatched door.

The grass turns green again in spring,

But my friend prince, will you? ?

Appreciation: This poem "Farewell in the Mountain" did not write the farewell scene coming out of the pavilion, but was ingenious and chose a completely different point from ordinary farewell poems.

The first sentence of the poem? Friend, I've been watching you go down the mountain, okay? When I said goodbye to readers, I used a farewell scene and feelings that seemed to have no feelings. Stop? This word is ignored. Here, from farewell to sending away, we skipped for a while. And the second sentence, seeing people off from the sky, was written in one fell swoop? Until now, in the dark, I closed the door of the thatched cottage? And then jumped for a longer period of time. What are the feelings and thoughts of the people who saw me off during this time? When the poet connected his life with poetry, he cut it all out as a dark field.

Anyone who has experienced parting knows that the moment when pedestrians are about to leave is really depressing, but a sense of loneliness and disappointment often becomes more and more intense in the evening after parting. There must be a lot to write in this most difficult moment of parting and sorrow; However, only one poem was written? Gaichaifei? This move. This is a very common thing that mountain people do at dusk every day, and it seems to have nothing to do with the farewell during the day. The poet links these two unrelated things together, so that the repeated actions every day show different meanings from the past, thus expressing feelings between the lines and seeing sadness between the lines. Readers will see the lonely expression and melancholy mood of the people in the poem; At the same time, I will also think: Night falls after sunset. After the closure of Chai Men, how will this long night be spent? The blank left outside this sentence makes people daydream infinitely.

Three or four sentences in the poem? Spring grass will grow green next year, my friend, will you come back? , from "Chu Ci? Recruit hermits? Prince and grandson wander, spring grass grows? However, Fu lamented that the wanderer had been gone for a long time, and these two poems were afraid that they would never come back when they broke up with pedestrians. Tang Ruxun summed up the content of this poem in the Interpretation of Tang Poetry as follows: the door is hidden in the dusk, and people are far away from Philip Burkart; Sometimes the grass is green and pedestrians can't return. ? And then what? Is it difficult to get back? , in the end? Deeply impressed? One of the reasons. ? Will you come back? As a question, it should have been raised to pedestrians at parting, but here it is allowed to float to people's hearts when pedestrians have gone and the sunset closes the door, which has become a suspense that no one cares about. This is not the usual farewell sentence, but? How about seeing each other off? The affectionate expression behind shows that the people in the poem are still shrouded in thoughts until dusk. Although I just broke up, I am looking forward to coming back soon, but I am afraid that I will not come back for a long time. As I said before, from sending to sending, from? How about seeing each other off? Arrive? Gaichaifei? Skip two classes in the middle; Here, I bid farewell to the evening of Sunday, think of the spring grass in the coming year, and ask if I will come back then. This is another jump from now to the future, and the jump time is longer.

This farewell poem is not a farewell to pavilions, but a step further, writing the hope of reunion after parting. This is beyond the general farewell poem. At first, the farewell scene was hidden. Send? Putting pen to paper, and then writing goodbye, the loneliness of going home is getting stronger and stronger, paving the way for the meaning of expecting it to come again, so I think that the spring grass will be green again regularly, but it is difficult to return to people. The feeling of parting is beyond words. Heart inside, taste outside, really ingenious, superior.

Wang Wei is good at extracting seemingly ordinary materials from life and expressing deep and sincere feelings in simple and natural language, which is often fascinating. This poem "Farewell in the Mountains" goes like this.

Characteristics of Wang Wei's poems: Wang Wei (70 1 year -76 1 year, 699? 76 1 year), the word Mo, Han nationality, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), ancestral home in Qixian, Shanxi, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Shi Fo? Known as. Su Shi's evaluation of it is: poetry is like charm, with pictures in it; Look at the picture. There are poems in it. ? In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was a scholar and was appointed as Tai Lecheng. Wang Wei is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Today, there are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains. Wang Wei is proficient in Buddhism and is greatly influenced by Zen. Buddhism has a Vimalakīrti Jing, which is the origin of Wang Wei's name and ci. Wang Wei's poems, paintings and calligraphy are very famous, very versatile and proficient in music. With Meng Haoran? Wang Meng?

Life: Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), whose name is Moju, is well known all over the world? Wang Youcheng? , a famous poet and painter in Tang Dynasty. Is it also called because of its deep belief in Buddhism? Shi Fo? . Born in Zhou Pu (now Yuncheng yongji city) in 70 1 year. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Zhong Jinshi was appointed as Tai Lecheng, and was demoted as the treasurer of Jeju Army because of the involvement of actors who danced yellow lions. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was in power, and he was appointed as the right to collect remains. The following year, he was transferred to supervise the suggestion and was ordered to go out to offer the capital to Liangzhou. ...

Evaluate the world? Li Bai is a genius, Du Fu is a native talent, and Wang Wei is a talent? In other words, later generations also called Wang Wei Shi Fo. This title not only expresses the Buddhist meaning and religious tendency in Wang Wei's poems, but also affirms Wang Wei's lofty position in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei is not only recognized as Shi Fo, but also a master of Nanshan literati painting (Qian Zhongshu called him "the first painting in the prosperous Tang Dynasty"). He is also proficient in temperament, good at calligraphy and seal cutting, and is a rare all-rounder

Wang Weishi was famous both before and after his death. History calls it? Renowned in Kaiyuan and Tianbao, I met you in the air, and Ning and Xue Wang were my teachers and friends. ("New Tang Book" this biography). Tang Daizong once praised it? Wenzong in the world? Answer the imperial edict to the king's desk. Du Fu also called him? Is the atlas full? (Eight of the twelve songs of Boredom). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Si Kongtu praised it. The taste is clear and complicated. What if it is clear and profound? (Comment on Poetry with Wang Jia). Did the ancients praise Wang Weiwei? Shi Fo? , and? Poet saint? Du fu? Poet fairy? Li Bai mentioned it together. As far as ideological content is concerned, Wang Wei's poems are far from comparable to those of Li and Du Fu. In terms of art, Wang Wei did have his unique achievements and contributions. In the Tang Dynasty, the poems of Liu Changqing, Ten Talents in Dali, Yao He and Jia Dao were all influenced by Wang Wei to varying degrees. Until the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen admired verve, but actually regarded his poems as worship. However, this school of poetry is often sentimental and lacks social content. ▲

Comment on poetry 1. Landscape pastoral poetry

Most of Wang Wei's poems are idyllic, depicting natural beauty and revealing leisure interest in his leisure life. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. Wang Wei became increasingly depressed after middle age and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claims to be? When you feel silence, you will have more leisure in your life? ("Fan Fu Busan Walking Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei the Five Wonders of Ming Dynasty? But into meditation? , and said "birdsong creek", "Xinyi pier" two poems,? I have forgotten my life experience, and all my thoughts are silent? ("Poetry") is an obvious proof. Legend of Snow Scene is Wang Wei's works with other themes, such as Farewell and Travel. There are often beautiful sentences about landscape writing, such as? Led by distant trees, towards the sunset shining on distant towns? (Money is tied home after failing the list)? After Shan Yu overnight, hundreds of silky waterfalls will appear on every mountain top? (Bao Zizhou made Li)? As the sun sets, the rivers and lakes are white and the tide rises all over the sky. ("Jixing Guizhou"),? The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen? ("Go to the fort") and so on. , are all famous sentences through the ages.

2. Frontier Army Poems

Join the Army, Travel in Longxi, Yan Fenke, Hunting Observation, Frontier Conquest and Frontier Conquest are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. "Hunting" vividly describes the hunting scene. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork. These works are generally believed to have been created by Wang Wei in his early days. There are also some poems, such as Fu on Four Sages, Fu on Allegory, Fu on Unfortunate Encounter, etc., which were written when eunuchs relegated to Jeju. The fifth of Six Chances, Zhao Nv Yan Ya, expressed indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich nobles dominated the official career and the talented people were frustrated, and reflected some dark sides of feudal politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Luoyang Galand Ji, Xi Shi Yong and Zhuliguan express their feelings and satire on the dignitaries through comparison. Women's sufferings are described in Mrs Xi and Ban Jieyu. They are sad and have certain social significance. Some lyric poems describing daily life, such as farewell, are given to relatives and friends? Friend, I've been watching you go down the mountain, okay? Vacation in the mountains reminds me of my brother in Shandong, acacia, and miscellaneous poems? You are from my old country. Wait, population has been talked about for thousands of years; "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" and "Acacia" were broadcast as music at that time and were widely sung. These poems are all five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains, with sincere feelings, beautiful and natural language and simple and profound beauty, which can be compared with Li Bai and Wang Changling and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Key words of the style of featured works: painting shadows and shapes, vivid and vivid, with both form and spirit. "There is a picture in the poem, and there is a poem in the picture". Wang Wei created a fresh, simple, natural and refined style. There are paintings in poems, poems in paintings and Zen in poems? Artistic conception has set an unstoppable banner in the poetry world.

1. Poetry is like a picture scroll, beautiful.

Su Shi once said:? There are pictures in poems, and there are poems in paintings. (Dongpo Zhi Lin). Wang Wei is versatile. He brought the essence of painting into the world of poetry and painted vivid works for us with spiritual language and beautiful brushwork. His landscape poems pay attention to coloring and creating momentum, such as? An egret flies over the quiet swamp, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer? After a heavy rain, I was in my cabin in Wangchuan. Grass in the rain

The color is green, and the peach blossoms on the water are burning. ? (Wangchuan Bie Ye)? Off-site white water, after Bifeng came out of the mountain? ("New Sunshine Wild Hope")

Wang Wei's landscape poems are about structural pictures, which make them rich in levels, far and near, and even have both movement and sound, good in sound and color, more dynamic and beautiful in music, such as? Pine contains the sound of the wind, and flowers reflect the shadows in the pool? ("Lin Yuan is a gift for my brother")? Towering mountains, towering trees, cuckoo singing in the depths of Qian Shan. The spring rain in the mountains has not stopped all night, and the trees on the treetops are spring. ? ("Letter to Commissioner Li of Zizhou"? Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. ? (Overlooking the Han River)? Autumn grass rings, cicadas in the mountains are sad. (Working in the mountains in early autumn) Another example is an autumn night in the mountains: an empty mountain after the rain, standing in the autumn evening. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time. There are close-ups of distant views, looking up and looking down, cool colors and warm colors, and voices and sounds, which fully integrate the beauty of painting, music and poetry. Wang Shanshui's poems are characterized by quiet humanity. Ruzhulou: I am leaning alone in the dense bamboo, playing the pipa and humming a song. The voice is too low, and no one can hear me except my partner Mingyue. The quiet bamboo forest and the bright moonlight made the poet furious, screaming in the sky and depressed. But there are so many thoughts, only the bright moon knows each other.

The remoteness of verve is the soul of painting in Wang Wei's poems. Chai Lu says:? There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice, and the sun shone on me from the green moss. ? In the poem, the author deliberately describes that he was alone in an empty mountain and deep forest, and saw a beam of oblique rays of the sunset shining through the gap in the forest and sprinkled on the moss in the forest. The poet captured the most fascinating moment in the vast and complex natural scenery, and painted a quiet and peaceful picture with simple pen and ink, which was far-reaching and fascinating.

2. Scenes blend together, just like nature itself.

Wang Wei's landscape poems are picturesque, and many of them are full of affection. Many of Wang Wei's landscape poems are full of strong local flavor and life interest, showing his leisurely life and quiet state of mind. For example, the sixth verse of the seven pastoral poems: Pink and rainy, willow green and smoky. The flowers fell at home, but the servants didn't clean them, and the guests in Ti Ying Mountain were still sleeping. ? I sent a message to Peidi from my cabin in Wangchuan, saying: The mountain is cold and blue now, and the autumn water has flowed for a day. At the door of my thatched cottage, leaning on my cane, I listened to the cicadas singing in the evening breeze. Sunset lingers at the ferry, and the smoke from supper rises from the house. Oh, when will I make a wish to the great hermit again and sing a wild poem under five willows? . ? Express your feelings of diluting idleness in the beautiful scenery and rich pastoral atmosphere. There is such a farmhouse on the Weihe River: In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path. A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves. Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially. No wonder I yearned for a simple life and sang "Decline" in disappointment. ? Write from the details, capture the typical plot and express infinite affection.

Wang Wei's love writing also talks about the separation of lovesickness and the care and comfort between friends. In the poem "Qi Shang Farewell Zhao", I wrote: Laugh when we meet, and cry when we send each other. My grandfather confessed that I was already sad to leave, and I was more worried about the city. In the cold season, the distant mountains are clear and bright, and at dusk, the river inverts. Untie the rope. Go away and watch you. I'm still standing for a long time. Rich and affectionate, come to the front.

In Wang Wei's poems, scenery is used to express feelings, and scenery is used to set off feelings, which makes his scenery full of aftertaste and lyricism. Such as "Lin sent Li to pick up the skeleton": Lin Gaotai sent farewell to Chuanyuan. The faint bird returns, and the pedestrian walks. ? No words to write love, just copy the scenery. Send Yang Changshi to Zhou Guo: Birds travel thousands of miles and apes crow at twelve o'clock. ? It is not only a landscape language, but also a sentimental name. It combines the desolate scenery of the road with the sadness of travelers, which is natural and implicit and memorable.

In Wang Wei's poems, many people express their feelings directly, which often appears natural and smooth, with implicit meanings. Such as "Send Yuan 20 An Xi": Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow. Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west. Care and consideration are beyond words.

The beauty of Wang Wei's love writing lies in his simple and popular description of the real scene, which contains deep and graceful feelings. One of his "Acacia", with a small red bean, is a classic of "Acacia".

Wang Wei writes about love with many metaphors. Such as "Two Miscellaneous Poems": I live by the river, with my door facing my mouth. There are often Jiangnan ships, sending

Not at home. You have just come from our hometown, and we must understand the world. When you passed my window, did the plum blossom bloom its first cold flower? . I have seen cold plum hair and heard birds singing. Looking forward to the spring grass, I am afraid of my previous life. Not the whole article? Acacia? This word, seemingly handy, is actually meaningful. Borrow? Han Mei? 、? Spring grass? Metaphorically, the feeling of lovesickness is vividly on the paper.

3. Poetry is full of Zen, elegant and ethereal.

On the contrary, many of Wang Wei's poems are cold and quiet, far from the world, full of Zen, and the artistic conception of mountains and rivers has gone beyond the ordinary plain natural aesthetics and entered a religious realm, which is the inevitable embodiment of Wang Wei's Buddhist cultivation. Wang Wei lived in an era when Buddhism flourished. Scholar-officials learning Buddhism is very popular. Several times of political dissatisfaction and seclusion in his life made Wang Wei concentrate on studying Buddhism in order to despise fame and fortune and get rid of his troubles.

Some poems can be traced back, such as Crossing Ji Xiang Temple: I don't know the way to Jixiang Temple, but I wander under the mountains and clouds for miles. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon. ? Some poems are ethereal, and there is no need for Zen. Like a gazelle, there is no trace. For example, I will walk until the river blocks my way, then sit down and look at the rising clouds. One day, I met an old woodcutter, laughing and never coming back (I was in the seclusion of Zhongnanshan), and the wind blew my belt, and my pipa was as bright as the mountains and the moon. You ask me good or bad luck? Listen, there is a fisherman singing on the lake! (Answer to Deputy Governor Yin Zhang) It is full of Zen machines that are close to nature, body, materialization and fate. Another example: there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. Sunlight enters the grove and reflects to me from the green moss (Chai Lu); The hibiscus flowers at the end of the wood are full of red calyx, and flowers bloom and fall one after another. (Wu Xinyi); People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. Everything is silent and inaction, illusory and impermanent, without purpose, without consciousness, without joy in life and without sadness in death, but everything is immortal and eternal, just like Hu Yinglin's poems and Yao's poems: Make people? After reading, I forget my life experience, and all my thoughts are silent. Doesn't mean I'm in rhythm. Is there such a wonderful interpretation? .