Knowledge about defending against natural disasters ~

Typhoon warning signal is divided into four levels according to approaching time and intensity, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Typhoon blue warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical depression within 24 hours, with an average wind force of above 6 or a gust of above 7; Or it has been affected by the tropical depression, with an average wind force of 6-7, or a gust of 7-8 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, prepare for shelter;

2. Pay attention to the latest news and windproof notice of tropical depression reported by relevant media;

3, doors and windows, coamings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by tropical depression.

(2) Typhoon yellow warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical storms within 24 hours, with an average wind force of more than 8 or a gust of more than 9; Or it has been affected by tropical storms, with an average wind force of 8 ~ 9, or a gust of 9 ~ 10 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, entering a windproof state, it is recommended that kindergartens and nurseries be closed;

2. Close the doors and windows. Residents and ships in dangerous areas and dangerous houses should take shelter from the wind, and notify outdoor operators such as high altitude and water to stop their operations and evacuate the operators in dangerous areas;

3, cut off neon lights and dangerous outdoor power supply;

4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

Other typhoon blue warning signals.

(3) Typhoon orange warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by a strong tropical storm within 12 hours, and the average wind force may be above 10, or the gust 1 1 above; Or have been affected by a strong tropical storm, the average wind force 10 ~ 1 1, or the gust112 may continue.

Defense guide:

1, entering an emergency windproof state, suggesting that primary and secondary schools be closed;

2. Residents should not go out at will to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home;

3. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be on duty, closely monitor the disaster situation and implement countermeasures;

4. Stop large-scale indoor assembly and evacuate people immediately;

5. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision;

Other yellow warning signals are the same as typhoon.

(4) Typhoon red warning signal

Meaning: It may be or has been affected by the typhoon within 6 hours, and the average wind power can reach more than 12, or it has reached more than 12 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. It is recommended to suspend business and suspend classes (except for special industries) when entering a special emergency windproof state;

2. Personnel should stay in a windproof and safe place as far as possible, and relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

3. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that strong winds will blow suddenly, and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind;

Other orange warning signals of the same typhoon.

Second, the rainstorm warning signal

The rainstorm warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively. The competent meteorological departments at the provincial level in Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may formulate rainstorm warning standards according to the actual situation and report them to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval before implementation.

(1) Yellow rainstorm warning signal

Meaning: within 6 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Parents, students and schools should pay special attention to weather changes and take preventive measures;

2. Cover the articles that are aired in the open air, and the relevant units should do a good job in drainage and flood control in low-lying and waterlogged areas;

3. Drivers should pay attention to road water and traffic jams to ensure safety;

4. Check the drainage system of farmland and fish ponds to reduce the water level of easily flooded fish ponds.

(b) An orange rainstorm warning signal

Meaning: within 3 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1, the outdoor operation shall be suspended in the open air, and stay indoors or in a safe place to avoid the rain as much as possible;

2. Relevant emergency departments and rescue units should strengthen their duty, closely monitor the disaster situation, cut off dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, and implement countermeasures;

3. Traffic management departments should implement traffic guidance or control in areas with accumulated water;

4. Move dangerous areas and dangerous residents to safe places for shelter from the rain;

Others use yellow rainstorm warning signals.

(3) Rainstorm red warning signal

Meaning: The rainfall in 3 hours will reach 100 mm or above, or it has already reached 100 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should stay in a safe place, and outdoor personnel should immediately take temporary refuge in a safe place;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

3. Schools, kindergartens and other relevant units with students and employees should take special protective measures, and units in dangerous areas should suspend classes or suspend business and immediately move to safe places for temporary refuge;

Other rainstorm orange warning signals.

Third, the high temperature warning signal

The high temperature warning signal is divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively. Provincial meteorological authorities in arid areas may formulate high-temperature early warning standards according to actual conditions, and report them to China Meteorological Bureau for approval before implementation.

(A) high temperature orange warning signal

Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 37℃ within 24 hours.

Defense guide:

1. Try to avoid outdoor activities at high temperature in the afternoon, give guidance to the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled, and take necessary protective measures;

2, the relevant departments should pay attention to prevent excessive electricity consumption, wires, transformers and other power equipment load is too large and cause a fire;

3. Operators working outdoors or under high temperature conditions should take necessary protective measures;

4. Pay attention to work and rest time, ensure sleep, and prepare some commonly used heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs when necessary;

5, the media should strengthen the propaganda of heatstroke prevention and cooling health care knowledge, and all relevant departments and units should implement heatstroke prevention and cooling safeguard measures.

(2) High temperature red warning signal

Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 40℃ within 24 hours.

Defense guide:

1, pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and minimize outdoor activities during the day;

2, the relevant departments should pay special attention to fire prevention;

3. It is suggested to stop outdoor open-air operation;

Other high temperature orange warning signals.

Fourth, the cold wave warning signal

The cold wave warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by blue, yellow and orange respectively. The gale standard in the cold wave warning standard can be formulated by the provincial competent meteorological department with reference to the following standards according to the actual situation, and reported to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval.

(A) cold wave blue warning signal

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature drops by more than 8℃, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force reaches above 6, or the gust is above 7; Or it has dropped by more than 8℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm, and tropical crops and aquaculture varieties should take certain cold-proof and windproof measures;

2. Fasten doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by strong winds, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by cold waves and strong winds;

3. The ship should take shelter from the wind at the shelter, and notify outdoor operators such as high altitude and water to stop working;

4. Pay attention to the latest information about gale cooling reported by the media, so as to take further measures;

5. Be prepared for cold wave and windy weather in production.

(2) Cold wave yellow warning signal

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature drops 12℃ or above, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind force reaches 6 or above or the gust is 7 or above; Or it has dropped above 12℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, do a good job of cold, warmth and wind protection for people (especially the old, weak, sick and disabled);

2, do a good job of livestock and poultry cold and windproof, tropical and subtropical fruits and related aquatic products, crops and other breeding varieties to take cold and windproof measures;

Other blue warning signals of the same cold wave.

(3) Cold wave orange warning signal

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature drops 16℃ or above, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind force reaches 6 or above or the gust is 7 or above; Or it has dropped above 16℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, strengthen the cold, warm and windproof work of personnel (especially the old, weak, sick and disabled);

2. Further improve the cold, warmth and windproof ability of livestock and poultry;

3 agriculture, aquaculture and animal husbandry should actively take measures to prevent frost, freezing and strong winds to minimize losses;

Other cold wave yellow warning signals.

Five, fog warning signal

The fog warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) foggy yellow warning signal

Meaning: Fog with visibility less than 500 meters may appear within 12 hours, or fog with visibility less than 500 meters and greater than or equal to 200 meters has appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Drivers should pay attention to the change of dense fog and drive carefully;

2. Pay attention to the traffic safety of airports, expressway and ferry terminals.

(2) Fog orange warning signal

Meaning: Dense fog with visibility less than 200 meters may appear within 6 hours, or dense fog with visibility less than 200 meters and greater than or equal to 50 meters has appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, dense fog has obviously reduced air quality, so residents need proper protection;

2. Due to low visibility, drivers should control the speed to ensure safety;

3, the airport, expressway, ferry terminal to take measures to ensure traffic safety.

(3) Fog red warning signal

Meaning: Strong fog with visibility less than 50 meters may appear within 2 hours, or strong fog with visibility less than 50 meters has appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Airports in areas affected by heavy fog are suspended from taking off and landing, and expressway and ferries are temporarily closed or suspended;

2, all kinds of motor vehicles should take effective measures to ensure safety.

Six, thunderstorm gale warning signal

Thunderstorm and gale warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) blue warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 6, or a gust of more than 7 accompanied by lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 6-7, or gusts of 7-8 accompanied by lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, prepare for wind and lightning protection;

2. Pay attention to the latest news about thunderstorm and gale reported by the media and the notice about wind prevention, so that students can stay in a safe place;

3, doors and windows, coamings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, personnel should leave the temporary structures as soon as possible, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by thunderstorms and strong winds.

(2) Yellow warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or above, or a gust of 9 or above accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9- 10 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, properly keep the valuable electrical equipment vulnerable to lightning, and put it in a safe place after power failure;

2. Residents in dangerous areas and dangerous houses, as well as ships, should take shelter from the wind. Never shelter from the rain under trees, telephone poles or tower cranes. You should turn off your cell phone when there is lightning.

3, cut off neon lights and dangerous outdoor power supply;

4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

5, high altitude, water and other outdoor workers to stop work, the danger zone personnel evacuation;

Other blue warning signals for thunderstorm and gale.

(3) orange warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 2 hours, and the average wind power may be above 10, or the gust 1 1 above, accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, the average wind force 10- 1 1, or gust112 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should not go out and ensure to stay in the safest place;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

3. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring and collision;

Other yellow warning signals for thunderstorms and strong winds.

(4) Thunderstorm and gale red warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 2 hours, and the average wind power can reach more than 12 with strong lightning; Or it has been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, and the average wind force is above 12 with strong lightning, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, enter a special emergency windproof state;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

Other orange warning signals for thunderstorms and strong winds.

Seven, strong wind warning signal

The warning signal of gale (except typhoon, thunderstorm and gale) is divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) gale blue warning signal

Meaning: it may be affected by strong winds within 24 hours, with an average wind force of 6 or above or a gust of 7 or above; Or it has been affected by strong winds, with an average wind force of 6-7, or a gust of 7-8 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, prepare for shelter;

2. Pay attention to the latest news about strong winds and notices about wind prevention reported by the media;

3, easy to be blown by the wind doors and windows, coaming, scaffolding, temporary structures, etc., properly placed outdoor items susceptible to strong winds.

(2) Gale yellow warning signal

Meaning:/kloc-It may be affected by strong winds within 0/2 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or above or a gust of 9 or above; Or it has been affected by strong winds, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9- 10 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, entering a windproof state, it is recommended that kindergartens and nurseries be closed;

2, close the doors and windows, dangerous areas and dangerous residents and ships should take shelter from the wind, and notify outdoor workers such as high altitude and water to stop working;

3, cut off neon lights and dangerous outdoor power supply;

4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

Other gale blue warning signals.

(3) Gale orange warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by strong winds within 6 hours, and the average wind force can reach 10 or above, or the gust 1 1 above; Or have been affected by strong winds, with average wind force 10- 1 1, or gust112, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, entering an emergency windproof state, suggesting that primary and secondary schools be closed;

2. Residents should not go out at will to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home;

3. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be on duty, closely monitor the disaster situation and implement countermeasures;

4. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring and collision;

Other yellow warning signals for strong winds.

(4) Gale red warning signal

Meaning: There may be gale with average wind power 12 or above within 6 hours, or gale with average wind power 12 has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. It is recommended to suspend business and suspend classes (except for special industries) when entering a special emergency windproof state;

2. Personnel should stay in a windproof and safe place as far as possible, and relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

Other gale orange warning signals.

Eight, sandstorm warning signal

The warning signal of sandstorm is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) the yellow warning signal of sandstorm

Meaning: Sandstorm weather may appear within 24 hours (visibility is less than1000m) or it has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, prepare for wind and sand prevention, and close the doors and windows in time;

2, pay attention to carry masks, scarves and other dust supplies, so as to avoid dust damage to the eyes and respiratory tract; Do a good job of sealing up precision instruments;

3. Reinforce structures that are easily blown by the wind, such as hoardings, scaffolding and temporary structures, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by sandstorms.

(b) orange warning signal of severe sandstorm

Meaning: Strong sandstorm weather (visibility less than 500m) may occur within 12 hours, or it has already occurred and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Pedestrians who cover their heads with scarves to defend against sandstorms should ensure good sight and pay attention to traffic safety;

2. Pay attention to riding bicycles as little as possible, and don't stay on billboards, temporary structures and ancient trees when it is windy; Drivers should pay attention to the changes of sandstorms and drive carefully;

3. Pay attention to the traffic safety of airports, expressway and ferry terminals;

4, all kinds of motor vehicles to take effective measures to ensure safety;

Other sandstorm yellow warning signals.

(3) Extra strong sandstorm in red warning signal.

Meaning: Extreme sandstorm weather (visibility less than 50 meters) may occur within 6 hours, or it has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should stay in windproof and safe places, and do not engage in outdoor activities; Postpone going to school or leaving school until the particularly strong sandstorm is over;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

3. Airports in areas affected by extremely strong sandstorms have suspended aircraft take-off and landing, and expressway and ferries have been temporarily closed or suspended;

Other orange warning signals of sandstorm.

Nine, hail warning signal

The hail warning signal is divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively.

(1) Hail orange warning signal

Meaning: There may be hail with lightning weather within 6 hours, and it may cause hail disaster.

Defense guide:

1, pay attention to the weather change, and prepare for hail suppression and lightning protection;

2, proper placement of outdoor items, cars, etc. , vulnerable to hail;

3. Old people and children should not go out and stay at home;

4. Drive poultry and livestock to a safe place with a canopy;

5. Don't enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes and other buildings or under big trees, and turn off your mobile phone when there is lightning;

6. Prepare for artificial hail suppression and wait for the opportunity to implement artificial hail suppression.

(2) Hail red warning signal

Meaning: There is a great possibility of hail with lightning weather within 2 hours, which may cause a great hail disaster.

Defense guide:

1, outdoor pedestrians immediately take temporary refuge in a safe place;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

Other hail orange warning signals.

Ten, snow disaster warning signal

Snow disaster warning signals are divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) The yellow warning signal of blizzard

Meaning:/kloc-There may be snowfall within 0/2 hours, which may affect traffic or animal husbandry.

Defense guide:

1, relevant departments should prepare for snow prevention;

2. The transportation department should prepare for road snow melting;

3, agricultural and pastoral areas to prepare food and grass.

(b) Snowstorm orange warning signal

Meaning: There may be snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry within 6 hours, or there has been snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, relevant departments should do a good job in road cleaning and snow melting;

2. Drivers should drive carefully to ensure safety;

3. Drive wild livestock into the fence to feed;

Other yellow warning signals of the same snowstorm.

(3) Red snowstorm warning signal

Meaning: There may be snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry within 2 hours, or there has been snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, close road traffic if necessary;

2. Relevant emergency departments should be ready to start the emergency plan at any time;

3. Do a good job in disaster relief in pastoral areas;

Other orange warning signals of the same snowstorm.

Eleven, road icing warning signal

The warning signal of road icing is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) road icing yellow warning signal

Meaning:/kloc-There may be road icing that has an impact on traffic within 0/2 hours.

Defense guide:

1, transportation, public security and other departments should be prepared to deal with it;

2. Drivers should pay attention to the road conditions and exercise safely.

(b) orange warning signal for road icing

Meaning: There may be road icing that has a great impact on traffic within 6 hours.

Defense guide:

1, pedestrians should pay attention to anti-skid when going out;

2, the public security department pay attention to command and guide the exercise of vehicles;

3. Drivers should take anti-skid measures, obey orders and go slow;

Other yellow warning signals for icing on the same road.

(3) The road is frozen in red warning signal.

Meaning: There may be or has been road icing that has a great impact on traffic within 2 hours.

Defense guide:

1. Relevant emergency departments should be ready to start the emergency plan at any time;

2. Close the icy road traffic when necessary;

Other orange warning signals for icing on the same road.

Website of China Meteorological Bureau August 25, 2004