Where did the formation originate?

Compared with the time when football just originated, today’s football has made great progress in terms of player ability, tactical literacy, business influence, etc. Among them, the development of formations is more interesting. Let’s find some information now. Let’s discuss

1. 1-0-9 and 2-2-6 formations

These two formations were produced in the 1860s and 1970s and are the origin formations of football games. . Its basic tactical idea is the one-sided pursuit of offense. "Swarm" kicking and dribbling are the characteristics of the game scene. Therefore, in terms of the role of the formation at that time, there was no obvious significance in organizing the players. The 10 players except the goalkeeper chased the ball on the court like hunting animals. Without the guidance of scientific research and rigorous tactics, everyone had only one purpose, which was to kick the ball into the net.

Representative: Britain in the early 1970s and 1980s

2.2-3-5

With the development of passing in the evolution of football, the field The organization of the players became increasingly important, so the 1-2-3-5 formation was born. The main function of the central midfielder in this formation is to attack, while the two wing midfielders participate in defense, mainly guarding against the opponent's two wingers. The basic idea of ??this formation is that offense still dominates. It starts with partial passing and coordination, and gradually forms and develops into this formation.

Representative: In 1900, the English FA Cup won by the English Bully team

Three.3-2-2-3 (W-M) formation

The W-M formation was created by Chapman, the head coach of the British Arsenal team, after the offside rule was changed in 1925. The basic idea of ??this formation is to try to disrupt the opponent's offense through solid defense. The first principle is "safety first." Because this formation has been very effective since it came out. Therefore, it was not only quickly accepted in the UK, but also quickly spread to Europe and even the world. In 1938, Italian coach Pozzo led the team to France to defend the title. He also used an old-style deep-lying center and added a sniper on defense. This Italian-style WM tactic made the center back in "WM" more aggressive. sex. In the next 20 years, "WM" became the mainstream tactic, and many changes during this period were partial reforms in this aspect. Lapan, the coach of the Swiss and Austrian teams, further developed this tactic. He asked the two inside forwards to shrink to the center, and the two central defenders had a clearer division of labor. Block the opponent's inside forward's attack when passing the ball from the side. In the midfield, one player is withdrawn to form the core of the team's offense with the deep-lying center, while the four forwards are responsible for the offense full-time. Later, the Austrian team even regarded "WM" as a magic weapon to win, and they continued to use this tactic until 1954.

The main feature of this formation's defense is the constant switching of zone and man-to-man marking. When it is close to the goal, it is man-to-man defense, and when it is far away from the goal, it is loose man-to-man defense. When attacking, leave the central midfielder and two fullbacks to defend. Its offensive characteristic is that the two inside forwards withdraw later. As the key organizer of the offense, the center and the two wingers are responsible for the main task of scoring goals. Although this formation is based on strengthening defense as the basic idea, and it does play a certain role in preventing the increase in the number of goals after the change of the offside rule, due to the small number of defenders during the attack, it is difficult to launch a quick counterattack when encountering the opponent, especially 30 When the Hungarian team adopted a four-forward system in the early 1900s, the defense seemed too weak. Therefore, in 1958, the Brazilian team created another new song in the evolution of the formation with the 4-2-4 formation.

Representative: Chapman, head coach of Arsenal in the Premier League in 1925/1934, Italy won the World Cup in 1938/Switzerland, Austria and Hungary in 1954

IV.4-2- 4 formation

This formation is a formation with an extremely balanced arrangement of offensive and defensive players. In the use of this formation, the two forwards are the backbone connecting the previous and the next. When attacking, they actively organize and support, and when defending, they quickly intercept. Due to the frequent activities, this formation has special requirements for the physical strength and technical comprehensiveness of the two forwards. The weakness of this formation is that the midfield is relatively weak. This is especially true when the two vanguard players lack physical strength and overall skills. This formation also requires the forwards and defenders to actively support the midfielder's offense and defense at different stages of offense and defense. The position of this formation is relatively flexible. It requires players to maneuver and adjust their positions according to the battle situation, and at the same time, they always maintain overall organization during position changes. In the 1940s, the Brazilian team used a variant of the "tower" in W-M and evolved it into a 4-2-4 formation.

This formation is a fusion of Italy's chain defense and Austria's carpet attack. A combination of man-to-man defense and zone defense. Depending on the opponent's situation, try to gain a defensive advantage or an offensive advantage on the field. When defending, Brazil uses the advantage of its two central defenders to resist the opponent's attack, and when attacking, it uses the advantage of the inside forward to highlight concealment and suddenness. In addition, the Brazilians also invented the diagonal attack in the offense, and modified the M of "WM" into a ladder-like arrangement, allowing the left winger and left inside forward to retreat to form a trapezoidal position. In this way, the right wing attacks the left wing, attacking from the left wing, allowing the right wing to detour, and then back to the right wing and outflank the left wing. During this period, the center in the middle is used as a transition. In this style of attacking in the east and west, the center's role in the team is to act as a feint. However, even if the opponent's center defender sees through this strategy and goes directly to the wing, the center can break through on his own.

Representative: 1958 Brazil team

5.4-3-3 formation

In the 1960s, football formations could be said to have their own characteristics, but It is still the Brazilians who can really combine theory into practice. Moreira, the coach of the Brazilian team at the time, felt that the four-forward style of play was difficult to bring advancement to the increasingly rigorous defense of football. Instead of doing this, it was better to strengthen the strength of the midfield to prevent the opponent's counterattack. Moreira's tactics combine the style of the Italian club. He believes that the strength of the midfield can not only avoid the crisis of the defensive line, but also allow his forwards to create opportunities when the opponent is tired. This is actually a 4-2-4. An evolution, the method is nothing more than to withdraw the former forward into the midfield. The new formation has exerted its effect, and the 4-3-3 style of play has begun to have an impact in world football. Pele of the Brazilian team did not participate in the subsequent games of the World Cup due to injury. The 1962 Brazilian team that won the championship was through the defense of Santos, Mauro and Zozimo, and the midfield of Zito, Didi and Zagallo. and Garrincha, Vava and Amado. In fact, this is also a last resort. Since coach Moreira didn't have Pele's victory ace, he naturally played a slightly conservative football, but using Garrincha's counterattack speed in the frontcourt, he actually achieved the same effect: championship! As a result, the 4-3-3 formation received better evaluation in Europe at that time, because Europeans, who have always been stable, believed that only a balance of offense and defense could win victory!

Representative: Brazil won the World Cup in 1962

6.1-3-3-3 formation (sweeper)

In the mid-1960s, the International Milan welcomed the versatile coach Herrera, who combined football genius and man-to-man tactics. As a result, they won the European Champions Cup and World Club Cup in one fell swoop. This is the concrete defense that the Italians are famous for. tactics. In the 1964 European Cup, Herrera's theory was confirmed and he led the club to a variation of 4-3-3 that gained respect in Europe and the world. No one had defined this method at the time, but after the West German team used Beckenbauer in the 1970s, people discovered that the Italians had actually taken the lead in using the "libero" as early as 1964. Herrera processed one of the four defenders. He made this defender break away from the parallel position with the other three defenders and stand alone at the back of his side, responsible for the overall command and planning.

Representative: Inter Milan in 1964/West Germany in 1970

Six.4-4-2 formation

In 1966, the England team developed a more Speaking of brutal defense, the then England coach Ramsey, under national pressure, resolutely became the first leader in the world to use a two-forward style of play. Ramsey's invention was a milestone in the development of football. It became the formation adopted by almost all professional teams in this century. Firstly, it ensures that the defense has enough numbers, and secondly, the midfielder has more initiative, provides sufficient support for the two forwards, and requires higher personal abilities of the two forwards. The reason why Ramsey used two forwards was because he summarized the scene when the Hungarians ravaged the England team, which made him believe that if the England team at that time insisted on defending and retreating their players, many of the goals they conceded would not have been missed. appeared. This idea led to the emergence of 4-4-2. In the 1966 World Cup, the England team relied on a good defensive system, relying on the core defense of Banks, Charlton and Moore, supplemented by Cohen and Wilson's combination built a luxurious defense line. The frontcourt was also carefully matched by Ramsey. Hurt and Hurst served as forwards, supported by Charlton Jr., Ball, Peters and Styris.

Representative: England won the World Cup in 1966

Seven.3-5-2 formation

With the rise of total offense and total defense, the world One trend in the football wave is that the argument that the midfielder wins the world is dominant. In 1982, Brazil's famous top four midfielders and the French Iron Triangle, winners of the 1984 European Championship, had already developed in this direction. But it was the creative Argentinians who dared to challenge authority. At that time, many coaches believed that three-back was undoubtedly a suicidal performance. Argentine coach Bilardo had the trump card of new football king Maradona, and he boldly adopted The 3-5-2 formation was adopted. The 1986 World Cup in Mexico basically kicked off at noon. Altitude sickness and hot weather made it difficult to use continental football. Bilardo believed that each team only used two forwards. So it's more than enough for him to use two marking centre-backs and a sweeper. This frees up a defender into the midfield, so Argentina strengthens the pressure in the midfield on the basis of a solid defense. Therefore, it is unfair to blame England's quarter-final defeat purely on Maradona's hand of God. . The biggest feature of the five-back style of play is the complete midfield, front, back, left, center, and right. Each position in the midfield has a specific division of labor, and the team members are more complete.

Maradona and Valdano still play forward, with Batista playing deep in the midfield, Gusti and Oratico playing on both sides, and Enrique and Buruchaga taking the lead and playing in the midfield. Planning, defensively, Brown played the sweeper, Ruggieri and Kuczew played man-marking, and a beautifully conceived lineup was born. This lineup allowed the Argentines to discover the benefits of star tactics to a certain extent at the time. It was all the players who acted around Maradona at the same time, which allowed Argentina to win the World Cup at that time. The 3-5-2 style of play also set off another revolution, which led to an increase in defensive ratios. Although Bilardo uses 3-5-2, he actually emphasizes the role of defense. Among the five midfielders, the two full midfielders play the dual roles of defenders and wingers, so when attacking, it is 3-5. 5-2, while defensively it became 5-3-2. At the same time, the rise of the deep-lying midfielder made it more difficult to score goals in subsequent games. Almost by the 1990s, every club had a player similar to Argentina. Deep-lying midfield like the bearded Batista in 1986. In the 1990s, when the West German national team won the World Cup, they used 5-3-2, a variation of 3-5-2, as the mainstream. They used Matth?us's organization to allow wingers Root and Brehmer to exert their special abilities. , and at the same time used good central defense to win the championship through the defensive system of Buchwald, Kohler and Augenthaler. Argentina even pioneered the 9-0-1 tactic in 1990, allowing 9 players to participate in defense. This is exactly the opposite of the "1-0-9" tactics of 100 years ago.

Representatives: Brazil in 1982/France in 1984/Argentina in 1986/West Germany in 1990

Eight, 4-3-2-1 (4-5- 1) Formation

With the arrival of the 1990s, football tactical research has reached its limit. Many minor tactical changes are considered a success. Sacchi’s offensive football uses star tactics and the Dutch team Various combinations of offensive and defensive tactics, Italian concrete tactics and free man tactics enabled AC Milan to win the championship at that time. Sacchi has no real creations, but the experience he summarized shows that football tactics can no longer be used all over the world. If you want to win, you must have a variety of tactics. Therefore, the AC Milan team at that time could see the 4-3-3 play, 1-3-3-3 play, 4-4-2 play in the 1960s and the total offense and defense in the 1970s. It was Capello who really brought new thinking. After taking over AC Milan, Capello had already discovered the strong foundation of the club at that time and effortlessly led the club to dominate Europe at that time. After the Dutch Three Musketeers left the club, he developed a new tactic 4-5-1. Because the two forward midfielders in the midfield functioned as shadow forwards, some people called it 4-1 based on its shape like a "Christmas tree". The 3-2-1 tactic is also known as the Christmas tree formation. The characteristic of this formation is that after the defense is led by Baresi, there must be an excellent deep-lying organizer as the central nervous system, who can not only assist defense with Baresi, but also participate in the entire team's offense. Capello is an expert in defense. He discovered midfield masters such as Rijkaard, Desailly and Albertini. Even Vieira, now of Arsenal, also learned to play deep in Milan. The essence of the field. In the frontcourt, the combination of Baggio and Savicevic and Weah stand out in the forward line. This formation ensured that AC Milan's defense at that time still won the championship even though the overall age structure was older. After Capello went to Real Madrid, he used the 4-3-2-1 tactic to help the Madrid people defeat the Barcelona team that monopolized Spanish football. It is also characterized by Hierro and Redondo as the main backbone. Capello also established the "1:0" philosophy of practicality, which is indeed a very practical guideline in the commercial European professional leagues.

Representative: Capello’s AC Milan