Agriculture in proverbs

Proverbs are the crystallization of people's long-term production and life practice, and they are special languages full of life interest and philosophy. Collecting and tasting these folk proverbs can get a lot of enlightenment and benefits. Below, I have compiled this proverb for you. Welcome to reading.

Leiyang is an important birthplace of farming culture in China. For thousands of years, the industrious and simple Leiyang people worked at sunrise and stopped at sunset, and worked hard on this land, forming their own dialect characteristics, leaving many proverbs, proverbs and slang. By carefully collecting and sorting out the language crystallization of these working people, we can find many farming customs in Leiyang.

? Farmers don't work hard when the weather is fine in early spring. ? The sun is shining in the early spring, and everything is harvested? . Leiyang dialect? How are you? Nianqiang. Leiyang begins in spring, usually on the first day of the first lunar month, which is the Spring Festival season. The temperature rose slightly to 10? Most importantly, the rain increased, the soil thawed, the snow melted and everything began to recover. At this time, the tender buds of weeping willows just came out, tender and soft, and the grass eager to drill out of the soil brought a school? Do you know when spring came to this world? Scenery. When the north is still frozen thousands of miles away, the busy season of spring ploughing in southern Hunan is coming. People in Leiyang are most concerned about Niu Kaichun. In beginning of spring, on this day, the morning glory came to the field, set off firecrackers, burned paper, and put paper wrapped in red paper in the field, so that the buffalo could plow the field three times before the spring was completed. When spring begins, it means that spring has come and you can plow the fields. The sunny weather in early spring indicates good weather and abundant crops. As can be seen from these two slang words, folk customs prohibit it from raining or even snowing in spring.

? The seeds of paulownia are soaked in grain after flowering. ? Paulownia trees have blossomed, and there is no frost and snow. Soaking seeds at this time will not rot the seeds. In the old society, Leiyang generally only planted one-season rice, and indica rice varieties were widely planted in the county. The water conservancy conditions are extremely poor, and the seedling season is late, which is a popular folk proverb: The poor don't cheat the rich until the vernal equinox (March 20th or 2 1)? . It means that seedlings will be raised in mid-March. ? Tian Tian went to Duanyang, cut the grain and went to Chongyang? That's the reason. Change from 1958 to double cropping rice. It's May Day after inserting early rice, and August Day after inserting late rice. ? This advances the soaking time of early rice seeds. In order to catch up with the season, farmers in Leiyang set off fireworks in rice fields to raise the temperature. It turned out that it was not possible. Finally, they groped for the film to raise seedlings and solved the problem. Seedling raising is divided into three stages: first, soaking seeds in time, breaking chest with warm water, and accelerating germination. Second, the seeds fall into the mud. In the first few days, the water was shallow and the water didn't soak in the bud. Wait until the seedlings turn blue, then slowly add water and cover them with one layer at most. Third, careful management, after the seedlings grow up, uncover the film, bask in the sun, water dew and remove weeds. The so-called:? Thunder and thunder in the first month, rain in February, traffic in March and water accumulation in April? The season is crucial. If you miss it, you can't make up for it.

Speaking of Putian, Leiyang has two folk sayings:? Instead of letting the pulp cool overnight, let the seedlings grow for three days. ? Women are afraid of being students, while men are afraid of retrogression. ? The previous sentence reminds people that when plowing, it is best to rake the field on the same day, not inherently. Mud water can fix the roots of seedlings on the same day. The last sentence shows that Tian Tian is a coolie. In the past, in addition to eating and drinking, I had to bring four duck eggs home after work every day to make up for the fatigue of the day. The hardest part of farming is fighting, which is a technical job. No matter how big the venue is, put a pole at one end of the venue and a pole at the other end. At two o'clock and one line, the farmer watched the pole go backwards. Vertical lines and horizontal lines are aligned, and the poles are aligned, even if they are straightened.

? Spring struggles for the sun, and summer struggles for the sun. ? Next, it will enter the field management period. I am very busy during this period, so I have to worry about water management, topdressing, pest control and weed control. Water management is very particular, such as rooting period, opening period, stem pulling period, flowering and heading period, fruiting and filling period, and waiting for harvest period. The water depth is different in different periods. There are two kinds of fertilizers, one is human and animal manure, and the other is fertilization. Pests are mainly controlled by locusts, moths and rice planthoppers. Crop diseases and insect pests in Leiyang, according to historical records? In the second year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty (1852), the grain was as yellow as fire, and nine times out of ten it was harvested, and the people were hungry and cold. From 193 1 to 1935, locusts occurred continuously in this county, which was very harmful. There is nothing the county government can do, so it can only let the county people catch locusts in spring and hand them over to the provincial Changsha locust catching bureau for a reward. In 36 years of the Republic of China, Leiyang suffered a serious locust plague and was listed as one of the 23 counties in the province. Hunan Branch of the General Administration of Rehabilitation of the National Government subsidized 600 tons of flour for pest control. The method of manual capture has little effect. ? It can be seen that people used to catch insects by indigenous methods. It was not until the founding of New China and the emergence of pesticides in the 1960s and 1970s that people began to spray pesticides with sprayers, and pests were effectively curbed. Unfortunately, pesticides are easy to pollute the ecological environment. Weeding usually begins about half a month after weeding, and works irregularly to ensure the smooth growth of seedlings. As the saying goes:? Diligent is lazy, not lazy is lazy; Lazy and diligent, you will be diligent if you are not diligent. ? During this period, people should be diligent and often go to the ridge to inspect and pay attention to the growth of rice seedlings.

Leiyang belongs to hilly landform, with more paddy fields and less dry land. Dry land soil is divided into clay sand and red loam according to soil quality; According to geographical location, it is divided into mountain soil, garden soil and mainland soil. Different soil quality and location affect the variety and yield of crops. In the 11th year of Guangxu, Leiyang County Records recorded that the main varieties of cash crops in Leiyang are cotton, tea, tobacco, beans, ramie, peanuts, sesame, rape, daylily and so on. . At present, dryland crops in our city are mainly divided into three categories: first, food crops, called miscellaneous grains, including sweet potatoes, wheat, sorghum, corn, millet and beans, especially beans, including soybeans, mung beans, peas, Mi Dou, snow beans, lentils and jade beans. Second, cash crops, mainly cotton, tea, fruit, dry tobacco, medicinal materials, daylily and so on. In the past ten years, Leiyang has vigorously developed tobacco leaves, and more and more farmers have planted tobacco leaves, which has become an important source of rural economy. The third is vegetable crops, including radish, Chinese cabbage, noodle potato, taro, onion and garlic, laokou, pepper, eggplant, wax gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, loofah and watermelon. In the past, the best cotton in Leiyang was produced in East Lake, so there was a place called? Cotton weighs a million pounds. ? As the saying goes in Leiyang:? Raise fish in the pond and throw them into the barn to make a barn. ? It means that it is better to grow taro than fish. It can be seen that Leiyang people attach great importance to growing vegetables, but are unwilling to raise fish. In the old society, taro was widely planted in Leiyang countryside. Since the reform and opening up, potato varieties and taro have been introduced with high yield, and people have turned to widespread potato cultivation. Leiyang once had a proverb: seven bites and eight garlic. ? It is said that in July of the lunar calendar, elders are common in rural areas, and in August, kind of garlic. Shantou, formerly known as Shantou, is a traditional specialty of Leiyang. Stems erect, branched, green or greenish, with fine stripes. Leaves alternate, with long stalks, stipules membranous and yellowish brown. Leaf blade broadly triangular, apex acute, base heart-shaped, entire. Invigorating the stomach and qi, dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, eliminating dampness and relieving pain, detoxifying and reducing swelling have always been loved by people. Salty onion, made of fresh Leiyang Tricholoma with excellent texture, is white and translucent, with tender meat and crisp taste. It is a good food to go with porridge next time. The first year's production capacity of flue-cured tobacco in Leiyang is 1000 tons, which is exported to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and other places, and the demand for products exceeds the supply.

In Leiyang countryside, there has always been a tradition of raising pigs, chickens, ducks, cattle and dogs. ? Save money by raising pigs, and kill pigs in the New Year. ? Raising pigs is no coincidence. ? In the old society, people were down and out. Every household has one or two pigs, cooked with chaff, leftovers and weeds, and raised slowly. ? Save change to make money to raise pigs for the New Year? . Wait until the Spring Festival, kill a pig, sell some money, add a new dress for the children, make some new year's goods, and have a lively New Year. After the founding of New China, the socialist system was established, capitalism was cut off, and private pig raising was not allowed. After the reform and opening up, people began to raise pigs in general, and there were also many professional pig farmers and households with ten thousand yuan. ? Raising chickens and ducks, the money is only enough. ? A cock is twenty-one, a duck is twenty-eight, a goose has a long neck, and it takes thirty-two days to see its mother. ? Every family in Leiyang raises chickens. It used to be said that raising chickens is a salt altar. Rural people raise chickens, lay eggs and sell them, and buy salt for the whole family. Moreover, they basically raise hens and only raise a rooster. There are also many duck farmers. Either they don't keep ducks, but they keep a flock of twenty or thirty ducks, hundreds more. They go out for food in the morning and get home at dusk. That lively scene has made many people who grew up in the countryside miss it so far. ? The cowshed is built on a high shore, and the fat water does not flow out of the field. ? Agricultural mechanization was not realized in the past. Many people raise cattle, including buffaloes and yellow cattle, grazing in the morning and collecting pens in the afternoon. Many rural children used to be cowboys. ? Cattle eat a hundred kinds of grass, and everything is fat. . Usually raised in a cowshed, when the farm is busy, there will be several laborers to raise the cows. Cattle are the lifeblood of farmers. There used to be a custom in Leiyang to buy cattle from other places. When entering the Bay Village, a piece of red cloth was wrapped around the horn of the cow and led to the main hall for three times. Three days after a cow gives birth to a calf, Catholic families will send red eggs or rice cakes to people in Bay Village to celebrate. As for keeping dogs, it is a common phenomenon in the vast rural areas of the country. ;