When did Yuan Longping discover hybrid rice?

/kloc-0 began to study hybrid rice in 1964, and/kloc-0 cultivated miracle rice (IR8) in Yuan Longping, IRRI Philippine International Rice Research Institute in 1966. Nanyou 2 [47-48], the first strong hybrid rice combination, was bred on 1974. 1975 hybrid rice seed production technology was successfully developed, which laid the foundation for large-scale popularization of hybrid rice [47-48]. 1985 put forward the strategic idea of hybrid rice breeding and pointed out the direction for the further development of hybrid rice [47-48].

1986, Yuan Longping put forward the hybrid rice breeding strategy, which divided the hybrid rice breeding method into three strategic development stages: three-line method, two-line method and one-line method, that is, the breeding program developed from complex to simple and efficient; Judging from the utilization level of heterosis, it can be divided into three strategic development stages: the utilization of heterosis among varieties, the utilization of heterosis among subspecies and the utilization of distant heterosis, that is, the utilization of heterosis is developing in an increasingly strong direction. According to this idea, every time hybrid rice enters a new stage, it is a new breakthrough, which will promote rice production in by going up one flight of stairs. This strategic concept points out the direction for China to explore new hybrid rice after the successful research and development of three-line hybrid rice.

1On July 6th, 987, Yuan Longping students Li Bihu and Deng Huafeng discovered a photosensitive sterile rice in the three-line indica rice breeding materials of Anjiang Agricultural School. After two years and three generations of propagation and observation in different places, the agronomic characters of this material are neat and consistent, the sterile plant rate and sterility reach 100%, and the fertility transformation is obvious and synchronous. This new achievement has opened up a new situation for the transition of hybrid rice from "three-line method" to "two-line method" In the same year, he put forward the "development strategy of hybrid rice", that is, using heterosis among plants on the basis of three-line method; Utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies based on two-line method: Utilization of distant heterosis based on one-line method [4].

From 65438 to 0987, the national "863" plan took the research of two-line hybrid rice as a special topic, and Yuan Longping formed a two-line hybrid rice research cooperation group to carry out Chinese-style collaborative research. After 9 years' hard research, the 1995 two-line hybrid rice was successful, which increased the yield by 5% ~ 10% compared with the three-line hybrid rice at the same maturity stage, and the rice quality was generally good. In recent years, the planting area is about 6000 mu. Two-line hybrid rice was originally created by China, and its success is a major breakthrough in crop breeding, which once again embodies the wisdom of China hybrid rice scientists headed by Yuan Longping, and keeps the research level of hybrid rice in China at the world leading level [4].

1997, Yuan Longping put forward the morphological model and breeding technical route of super-high yield hybrid rice to improve photosynthesis efficiency, and began the research of "China super hybrid rice". This is a world-class problem. Through tackling key problems, the first large-scale demonstration in 2000 achieved the goal of 700 kilograms per mu, which was about 50 kilograms higher than the existing high-yield hybrid rice. Especially in Yongsheng, Yunnan, the yield per mu is as high as 1 137.5 kg, and the first super hybrid rice promotion area is 30 million mu.

Since 200 1, Yuan Longping has guided the breeding of the second generation super hybrid rice with an yield of 800 kg per mu and excellent rice quality, and achieved the goal of the second generation super rice one year ahead of schedule in 2004. In 2006, the second generation super hybrid rice was popularized, and the planting area of 20 1 1 reached 8 million mu, which was more than 50 kg/mu higher than the large-scale production of the first generation super rice. Not satisfied, Yuan Longping further put forward the goal of combining conventional breeding with biotechnology, and tackled key problems in the third phase of large-scale demonstration of super hybrid rice with a yield of 900 kg per mu. Through hard work, the demonstration of 20 1 1 and 20 12 super hybrid rice in the third phase reached 926.6 kg and 9 17.7 kg respectively, marking the third super hybrid rice in China. In 20 13, the fourth phase of the target study of super hybrid rice yield per mu 1000 kg was started. 20 13 On September 29th, the fourth demonstration film of super rice "Y Liangyou 900" achieved an average yield of 988. 1 kg per mu in Niuxing Village, Yanggu 'ao Township, Longhui County, Hunan Province, setting a world record [4]. In 2006, Yuan Longping put forward the high-yield project of "planting three crops and producing four crops", that is, using the technical achievements of super hybrid rice, striving to produce four acres of grain from three acres of land. In 2007, it was first implemented in 20 counties in Hunan, and achieved very good results. It is planned to spread 60 million mu of grain throughout the country and produce 80 million mu of grain, which is equivalent to increasing 20 million mu of grain arable land and can feed more than 30 million people. By 20 12, the high-yield project of "planting three crops and producing four crops" has been extended to 50 counties and cities, covering an area of 8.822 million mu, increasing rice production by 962 million kilograms. By the end of 20 12, the accumulated demonstration and promotion area was more than 20 million mu, with an increase of more than 2 billion kilograms, which made new contributions to the sustained and stable increase of grain production [4]. On September 29th, 20 13, it was confirmed by the National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center that the average yield of rice in the fourth national demonstration film "Y Liangyou 900", which was tackled by the scientific research team of Academician Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, reached 988. 1 kg, setting a world record [4].

2016165438+1October 19 Yuan Longping, academician of China Academy of Engineering, Luo, academician of China Academy of Engineering, yield measurement and acceptance experts and related technical experts came to Xingning to conduct yield measurement and acceptance of key projects of the green and high-efficiency model with a yield of 3,000 kg per mu of double-cropping rice in South China. The average yield per mu of late rice measured in the field is 705.68 kg (dry valley). Similarly, under this model, the average yield per mu of early rice was 832. 1 kg+0,537.78 kg, and the yield per mu of double-season super rice was 1537.78 kg, which set a world record for double-season rice.

2065438+On May 22, 2008, the demonstration field of organic film mulching direct seeding experiment in Sanya Rice National Park passed the acceptance test, and the yield per mu was 1065.3kg, setting a record for rice yield per unit area in Hainan Province.

On June 2, 2020, the yield per mu of hybrid rice 165438+ led by Yuan Longping from Zhuqing Village, Hengnan County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province reached 1530.76 kg, including 665438 kg of early rice and 9 16548 kg of the third generation hybrid late rice variety. More important than figures is that this yield calculation fully shows the characteristics of the third generation hybrid rice which is more suitable for actual production, thus contributing to further ensuring national food security. [50]

"The characteristics of high yield, disease resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance are the common advantages of the third generation hybrid rice compared with the previous two generations, and also the key reason why the yield per mu of this crop exceeds 1500 kg under extreme weather adverse conditions." (Li, researcher of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center and host of the third generation hybrid rice project)