Development of public bathrooms

Bathing should be seriously discussed, which started a long time ago ... The concept of public bathhouses should have started in the Song Dynasty. At that time, there were bathhouses in the north and south, and even some dignitaries had bathhouses at home, so they also came to public bathhouses to take a bath.

In Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi didn't like bathing, which made Tang Yin black, which worried his disciples. The doctor said, "This is dirt accumulation. Don't worry. " At that time, he and Wu Chongqing were both animal husbandry judges. At that time, Han Zhiguo was in the museum, and the three of them were very nice, because they knew that they all bathed at the same speed every month or two. I will focus on home, and each of them will have a new dress. This is Jing Gong Fan, nicknamed "Folding and Washing". Wang said, "When you come out of the shower, you wear new clothes and never ask." .

It can be seen that the adults who serve your servants are also willing to take a bath collectively. At that time, the concept of a big bathhouse was found in the homes of ordinary people and dignitaries.

If you travel to the Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago, you may be able to take a bath in the bronze bathtub of King Shang Tang. However, bronze is too expensive, and wooden pots are gradually replaced and become the standard for bathing. By the pre-Qin period, the bathroom equipment in the palace was quite large, with water supply, heating and drainage systems. There is a 40-square-meter luxury bathroom on the site of No.1 building in Xianyang, Qin Dou, which is larger than the standard room of a four-star hotel. The indoor swimming pool is 3.2 meters long and 2.7 meters wide. There is a slope at the bottom of the pool, so you can lie comfortably. The fireplace by the pool turns winter into spring, so it's not more comfortable to have a drink to replenish water after soaking.

Shampoo may not be silky, but as long as it doesn't fall before the Han Dynasty, you can still find a substitute. "Zuo Zhuan" Du pre-notes a cloud: "Pot, rice soup, you can wash your hair." In other words, men and women at that time washed their hair with Taomi water, which was very clean.

After Wei and Jin Dynasties, people also invented a kind of "bath bean", which was made of bean powder and medicine, which was both decontamination and skin care. Sun Simiao, the "drug king" of later generations, called it "washing your face with your hands will make you look like snow in 10 days and coagulate your fat in 30 days".

The royal family is so particular about it that it is natural that they can't stand the ministers running around the palace all day getting dirty. In fact, since the Han dynasty, the state has stipulated that all subjects should wash their heads once every three days and take a bath once every five days. Civil servants are shut up in the office all day, work during the day and sleep at night, and go home for a bath every five days, which is called "bathing". In the Tang Dynasty, the "boarding system" was changed to the "day study system", but the five-day rest and bathing system remained. However, judging from Mr. Bai Juyi's style of not being ashamed but proud of taking a bath, no one took the rules about taking a bath seriously. First of all, at that time, the obsessive-compulsive disorder of "cleanliness" had not yet been born, and everyone was the same. Nobody feels dirty. I finally took a day off without traveling or taking a shower! Secondly, even if you want to enjoy the refreshing feeling after taking a shower every once in a while, there is no such condition in the palace, and neither can male and female servants! Spend a few "soup money", you can take a hot bath, and you can also enjoy various services: rubbing your back, shaving your hair, pedicure, and even doing a full-body spa. The price list of a bath in the metropolis of Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing) is recorded in the Interpretation of Putong Proverbs: bathing 5 yuan, scratching 2 yuan's back, combing 5 yuan's hair, shaving 2 yuan and pedicure 5 yuan, the whole set 1 * * 19 yuan-hum, and the package is not discounted. However, it can only keep your man clean. Women under feudal ethics can't easily appear in public. As the saying goes, "you can't get out of the front door, you can't get out of the second door", let alone meet naked in public. Therefore, for a long time, most public toilets only serve male guests, and occasionally a female pool is set up. Patrons are usually officials' wives or romantic women. If you are born in an ordinary family, you can only flinch. At that time, you didn't care about the beautiful ancient teenagers with long hair, just wanted to kneel down and shout Feng: Why isn't there a home with 24-hour hot water? Bathhouses in old Beijing are mostly due to local characteristics. Degang Guo talked about the bathhouse ecology of the unloading workers in the old railway station, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was more of a courtyard ecology. Neither of them had a choice. The public bathhouse in the courtyard head of the old hutong has been endowed with more and more profound significance. On the one hand, it is difficult to take a bath at home, on the other hand, it is an opportunity to get along with neighbors.

Toilets in Northeast China are heavier and steeper than those in Beijing. They were so hot that they almost stood up to take a shower and wipe themselves. The advantage of this is that even if they suddenly walk into the wardrobe at the tuyere, they won't feel uncomfortable. On the contrary, they are quite relaxed and sober. Present situation abroad

Iran has a long history of bathhouses, which may soon disappear. People come here to take a bath and massage under beautiful arcades and brick walls, but because fewer and fewer people go, the bathhouse may not open.

Some bathhouses (also called "bathhouses") have a history of several centuries, but the business of bathhouses is getting worse and worse because most people can take a bath and soak in their own homes conveniently. The remaining rooms are in the old city, mainly manual workers and tourists.

Mahdi Sajjadi, president of Tehran Bathroom Owners Association, said: "Now there are only three or four public bathhouses left in Tehran."

In the past, the bathhouse was not only a place for you to take a bath, shave or get a massage from "dallak" (dallak would rub the guests' backs with fingerless bath towels), but also people would gather here to discuss current events and debate ideas at that time.

Now, bathhouse owners like Gholam Ali Amirian, 70, have worked in this bathhouse with a history of about 850 years for 40 years, and they are worried that these bathhouses may dissipate like steam in a hot pool.

Amirian said: "About 35 years ago, before the Islamic Revolution in Iran, we had many guests. When the door opened at 4 o'clock in the morning, there were already many people waiting in line. At that time, there were five people working here, and there were more than 50 guests every day. Now there are only three guests on average every day. "

Sadjadi suggested that the government provide low-interest loans to the owners of bathhouses, redecorate the interior of bathhouses and transform them into tourist attractions. But so far, due to the increasing economic pressure, the government has not taken any action.

Domestic status quo

1935, there were 123 old bathhouses in Beijing alone. Since the economic marketization in1980s, two thirds of traditional hutongs in Beijing have been demolished to make way for new residential areas. Now, the government is focusing on the transformation of the old city. It seems that it is going to tear down this old-fashioned public bathhouse, which is believed to be the last one in Beijing. The "Shuangxingtang" (Nanyuan Bathroom) located in Nanyuan shantytown was established in 19 16 by Wang Shuangkui, son of Manchu in Huangqi. After the founding of New China, Shuangxingtang was renamed as Nanyuan Bathroom. I don't know how this came about.