Several Tang poems

Ludwig van Beethoven, Ludwig van Beethoven.

Brief introduction of Beethoven's life

"As long as I have a chance, I will resist my fate"-Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827), a great German composer and one of the representatives of the Viennese classical school, plays a decisive role in the development of world music and is known as the "Saint of Music". Beethoven1770 65438+February 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near France on the Rhine. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Court Orchestra, and his father is the court tenor. Beethoven showed his musical genius in his early years. His father is eager to train him to be a genius like Mozart. He was forced to learn piano and violin in his early years. At the age of eight, he began to perform in concerts and tried to compose music. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic.

At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was already dead. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly won the title of the most outstanding performer in Vienna (especially improvisation). After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era.

1789 The thought of French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him a lot and laid the curtain for his humanistic world. -I firmly believe in human equality, pursue justice and individual freedom, and hate the oppression of feudal autocracy. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical Music School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same "era" as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always leaves his fate to chance. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart suffered no less mental pain than Haydn. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. But in his music, from behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality, we can often feel a trace of pain, melancholy and sadness. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. However, during this period, he had a further understanding of social and political issues, and he could also achieve the goal he tried to explore. 1802- 18 12 years, his creation entered a mature period, which later became his "heroic era".

The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age.

Beethoven's life was very bumpy. From the age of 26 (1796), he felt his hearing was getting weaker and weaker, and he was deaf in his later years. It was not until 180 1 that he was sure that his ear disease could not be cured that he told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, Beethoven overcame many difficulties with strong will and began to write his optimistic "heroic symphony". The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of the heroic era.

In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, even though he was completely deaf, his health deteriorated, his life was poor and his spirit was poor.

Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He died without a relative by his side, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..."

Beethoven is one of the greatest composers in the history of world art. His creation embodies his giant personality and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent, simple and distinctive, rich in music content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience. Beethoven's music embodies the pain, joy, struggle and victory of the people of his time, so it always inspires people in the past and inspires their fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel kind and inspiring.

Beethoven's works include Moonlight, Ninth Symphony, First Symphony, Sonata, Symphony of Destiny and Solemn Mass. These are beautiful movements that get rid of classicism and show freedom and enthusiasm.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Beethoven's English

Ludwig van Beethoven (IPA: [? l？ Television? va:n？ be:tov？ N], baptized 17 years1February1770 [1]–1March 26th, 827) is a German composer. He is recognized as one of the greatest composers in the history of music and a major figure in the transition period of western classical music from classical to romantic. His and Brother Niu's fame inspired-and in many cases threatened-subsequent generations of composers, musicians and listeners. Although he is mainly known as a composer today, he is also a famous pianist and conductor, and an excellent violinist.

Born in Bonn, he moved to Vienna in his early twenties, where he settled down and studied under joseph haydn, and soon gained a reputation as a pianist. When he was in his twenties, he began to lose his hearing gradually. However, even though he was almost completely deaf, he still created famous masterpieces all his life. Beethoven was one of the first composers to work as a freelancer-arranging to subscribe to concerts, selling his works to publishers and getting financial support from many wealthy patrons-instead of being permanently employed by churches or aristocratic courts.

[Edit this paragraph] Creative career

His grandfather was originally from the Netherlands, and after moving to Germany, he was a local court musician. My father is a tenor and my mother is the daughter of a court chef.

Beethoven grew up in the period of "enlightened autocracy" in Joseph II, and the rulers in Bonn also implemented some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the Enlightenment in Germany at that time.

Beethoven grew up in such an environment in his childhood. However, Beethoven's childhood was very unhappy, and his alcoholic father ruined his family business. He tried to turn four-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow.

He wanted his son to be a Mozart prodigy, so he not only forced his children to practice the piano, but also often dragged them out of their deep sleep and played the piano when they came home after drinking in the middle of the night. Beethoven, who was under eight years old, was forced to perform in front of Cohen's audience. Beethoven began to work in a theater band at the age of eleven. This kind of hard childhood life made Beethoven embark on an independent road of making a living by music very early, and at the same time developed his tenacious and stubborn character.

From 178 1, Beethoven studied Bach's Piano Music with Equal Rhythm and its composition method with the orchestra conductor Naif while working in the theater.

Naif is a very cultivated composer and conductor, and he tends to the Enlightenment. He contributed to the development of German national operas and oratorios.

Beethoven learned from this teacher, realized the importance of learning German folk music tradition, and accepted the influence of the Enlightenment under the naive guidance.

He was very interested in the progressive literature of Germany at that time.

Beethoven's skillful skills as a pianist left a deep impression on everyone. He is not only a successful performer, but also an excellent teacher.

He soon became a prolific composer. His works are so popular that he can easily sell them to publishers when he is about 25 years old.

Beethoven showed signs of deafness when he was nearly 30. It is conceivable that the young composer was nervous about this ominous sign. At that time, he thought of suicide.

Beethoven continued to create a large number of musical works. But with the passage of time, he paid less and less attention to the music that the music audience liked at that time. But he kept succeeding.

Beethoven was completely deaf when he was nearly 50. As a result, he stopped performing on the stage and even became more lonely and eccentric. He is not as prolific as before, and his works give people a feeling of grovelling. At that time, I mainly composed music for myself and some ideal future audiences. It is said that he once told a critic that his works were "not for you, but for future generations".

If the most talented composer beyond time and space has been deaf, it is better to say that fate is the most ruthless mockery; If Beethoven ignored the pain of deafness and continued to ensure the quality of his works with superhuman perseverance, it would be an inspiring and almost incredible achievement. But the fact is more unexpected than expected: in fact, Beethoven wrote music beyond the level of his early works in those years when he was completely deaf. It is generally believed that the works he created in his later years are the greatest masterpieces of his life. 1827 died in Vienna at the age of 57.

Beethoven composed a large number of works, including 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos, 10 piano and violin sonatas, a series of string quartets, vocal music, drama music and many other music. But compared with the quantity of his numerous music, quality is more important. His works organically combine perfect imagination with unrestrained feelings. Beethoven touched people's heartstrings with his own performance, and people no longer think that instrumental music is a secondary art.

Beethoven is a creative composer, and he has exerted an immortal influence on many changes in music. He expanded the size of the orchestra, increased the length of the symphony and expanded their fields. He proved that the piano has a wide range of uses and contributed to making it a first-class musical instrument. Beethoven represented the transition of music from classical to romantic. His works inspired a lot of romantic music.

Beethoven had a great influence on many later composers, including people of different styles, such as Brahms, Wagner, Schubert and Tchaikovsky. He also paved the way for Berlioz, Gustav, Mahler, Strauss and many others.

It seems obvious that Beethoven should rank ahead of any other composer in this volume. Although johann sebastian bach is almost as famous as him, Beethoven's music has a wider range and more audiences than Bach's, and many of Beethoven's innovations have a far-reaching influence on the later music development than Bach's works.

Generally speaking, it is easier and clearer to express political and moral thoughts in language than in music, so literature is a more influential art field than music. It is precisely for this reason that Beethoven is the most outstanding figure in the history of music, but he is still lower than Shakespeare (very wrong, music is the highest form of art! Music is invisible and only exists in time. All art forms tend to develop in the form of music. In a sense, music has surpassed all art forms. When comparing Beethoven and Michelangelo, I am deeply influenced by the fact that most people spend more time listening to music than watching paintings and statues. Therefore, I think, generally speaking, music composers have more influence than painters and sculptors if they enjoy the same reputation in their respective fields. In short, it seems more appropriate to rank Beethoven between Shakespeare and Michelangelo on the whole.

Beethoven's symphony is the best symphony. The structure of the third symphony is the most rigorous and complicated, the thought of the fifth symphony is the most profound, and the momentum and scale of the ninth symphony are the most magnificent, which also points out the direction of music development for future generations. He focused on the heroes who expressed the revolutionary struggle, and put the heroic theme in the first place in symphony creation. From Beethoven's Third Symphony, Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Seventh Symphony and Ninth Symphony, we can see that these works depict the hero's activities and thoughts, the hero and revolutionary struggle, the hero and nature, the hero and people, the hero and victory, the hero and his inner world. In different ways. The tone of these heroes shapes heroes.

Beethoven's symphonies are mostly written in the form of extended sonatas. His creative ideas are broad, magnificent, profound, vivid and diverse, and he has achieved a high degree of unity in the handling of music forms. In his creation, he changed the minuet in the third movement of the original symphony into a scherzo, applied the dramatic expression of the victory of human conflict and struggle in opera to the symphony, and even added a chorus part to the ninth symphony, which expanded the expressive force and ability of the symphony. In addition, in symphony creation, Beethoven made bold innovations in orchestration, established the position of clarinet in the band, used four trombones in the ninth symphony, and so on, forming a novel style, creating a new field, fully expressing his inner world with this innovative music form, reflecting the progressive trend of thought of society at that time, and developing the music of European classical music to the peak, creating 65,438 pieces.

However, Beethoven's last years were the most miserable and painful years in his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him poor and lonely, and he died in Vienna on March 1827.

It is said that at the last moment of Beethoven's life, it rained heavily and thunder rumbled. He raised his withered arm and made a final hard blow to the sky. This spirit of endless fighting is all concentrated in his immortal masterpiece.

Beethoven is one of the greatest creators in human art. On the one hand, he has outstanding music, fiery rebellious temperament and strong personality like a giant.

On the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts derived from social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician.

Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movement and the most progressive ideas of that era.

Combining profound philosophy with touching artistic images, he wrote a series of symphony works with the theme of times and personal destiny.

It shows the spiritual course from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to happiness in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. His nine symphonies shine like pearls forever.

Through the study and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially the analysis of four of them (namely, the third, fifth, sixth and ninth symphonies), we can not only understand the basic characteristics of all Beethoven's creations and their great and naive thoughts,

Moreover, we can understand the great innovation in symphony creation, and we can see how the symphony has transitioned from Haydn and Mozart to a new development period represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn.

As early as Beethoven's life, he was recognized as a musician of world significance. He is not only a great classical composer, but also a pioneer of romanticism. When Beethoven died in 1827, many friends and admirers came to offer their condolences.

Beethoven was buried in Waehringer Friedhof. Grillparzer, a great literary master, once said in his eulogy, "Beethoven gave everything to everyone, but he didn't get anything from them, so he stayed away from everyone."

For Beethoven's grave, Schubert was buried here with him in 1828. In memory of this talented young musician Schubert, a Schubert Park was built next to Weilingge's grave.

Today, this Schubert Garden in Weiling Street is a place where many tourists hang around. Ludwig? Where is it? Beethoven's body Beethoven was born in Germany, but he has never left Vienna since he left Germany at the age of 22. He left many relics in Vienna.

Pasqualatihaus, pask Vallati building

1., Moelker Bastei 8, Tram D, 1, 2: Tol, Schouten

Tel: 535 89 05

Tuesday to Sunday 10:00- 13:00

14:00- 18:00

Named after the owner of the house, this building was built between 179 1 and 1798. Beethoven lived here many times from 1804 to 18 15. Here, Beethoven experienced the heyday of his creation. His fourth symphony, fifth symphony and sixth symphony, fourth piano concerto and opera Federio were all written here.

Heiligenstadt-Willbank

19.，Probusgasse 6

Tram No.37: Gvegas

Tram 38A: Armbrustergasse

Tel: 370 54 08

Tuesday to Sunday 10: 00- 13: 00, 14: 00- 18: 00.

Heiligenstadt was once far away from the walls of Vienna, but now it is an elegant villa area in the north of Vienna. Here, in despair of hearing loss, Beethoven left a will at 1802 and 10 respectively, and this former residence is now open to the public.

Hero house Eroica-Haus

19. No.92, Haopu Street, Dobringer

Tram No.37: Gass, Pokorni

Tel: 505 87 47

Friday: 15:00- 18:00 or make an appointment by phone.

Not far from the will house, there is also Beethoven's former residence, the Hero House, where Beethoven wrote a heroic symphony. Beethoven's other symphony "Pastoral" was also written in a nearby place. This former residence has now become a very famous new wine hotel. On the path full of suburban customs, visitors can appreciate the atmosphere created by Beethoven. Here, people call the path that Beethoven walked "Beethoven Path", and at the end of the path, there is a "Beethoven rest place".

Beethoven monument

1., Beethoven Square

Waehringer street

Opposite the Vienna Concert Hall, there is a Beethoven monument, hence the name of the square. Built in 1880, this monument depicts a sitting statue of Beethoven surrounded by nine little angels, symbolizing the great musician's nine symphonies.

Beethoven's Tomb (Willinger Cemetery)

Waehringer Street 18

Tram no.38

1827, Beethoven died and was buried in the Weilingge cemetery in the northern suburb of Vienna. 1828, Beethoven's good friend Schubert died and people buried Schubert here. 1888, the coffins of two musicians were moved to the central cemetery together. Now Beethoven's tomb is in the 29 th tomb in the 32 A area.

[Edit this paragraph] Main works:

Symphony:

Beethoven's symphony no.1 in c major

Beethoven's Second Symphony in D Major

Beethoven's Third Symphony in E-flat Major (Hero)

Beethoven's symphony no.4 in b flat major

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony in C Minor (Destiny)

Beethoven's Symphony No.6 in F Major (Pastoral)

Beethoven's symphony no.7 in a major

Beethoven's Symphony No.8 in F Major (Pathetique)

Beethoven's Symphony No.9 in D minor [Chorus (Ode to Joy)]

Concerto:

Beethoven violin concerto

Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.1 in C Major

Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3 in C Minor

Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.5 in E-flat Major (Emperor)

Overture:

Beethoven's overture to fate

Overture to Beethoven's Colio Land

Beethoven's "Leonora Overture"

Overture to Beethoven's Philadelphia Symphony

Beethoven's Egmont Overture

Others:

Beethoven's violin romance in g major

Beethoven's violin romance in f major

Beethoven's piano sonata pathetique

Beethoven's Piano Sonata Moonlight Sonata

Beethoven's Piano Sonata Passion

Beethoven's Piano Sonata Dawn

Beethoven's Piano Sonata "Pastoral"

Beethoven's piano sonata Tempest

Beethoven's Piano Music "To Alice"

Beethoven's Piano Music ((Moonlight))

Playing and Etudes:

Op. 49 bis (in g major)

1(g minor)

Op. 79 (in g major)

Op. 1, totally 14 (in e major)

Op. 2,1(in f minor)

Op. 14 bis (in g major)

Op. 10 No.2 (in f major)

Op.110 (in c minor)

Op. 10 No.3 (in d major)

Op.13 (pathos in c minor)

Op. 26 (in A flat major)

Op. 27, 1 (in e flat major)

Op. 28 (in d major)

Op. 22 (B flat major)

Op. 2 bis (in a major)

Op. 2 No.3 (C major)

Op. 78 (in F sharp major)

Op. 90(E minor)

Op. 7 (e flat major)

Op. 3 1 3 (e flat major)

Op. 54 (in f major)

Op. 3 1 No.2 (in d minor)

Op. 27 bis (Moonlight in C sharp minor)

Op. 31(in g major)

Op.109 (in e major)

Op. 1 10 (flat major)

Op. 8 1a (farewell in e flat major)

Op. 53 (Walstam in Major)

Op. 57 (Passion in F minor)

Op.101(in a major)

Op.111(in c minor)

Op. in b flat major 106 (hammer piano)

Related literary works, film and television works:

1 "john christopher"

2 Who's Who (romain rolland)

3 "Copying Beethoven"

4 "Beethoven, the Music Giant" (included in the middle school textbook)

[Edit this paragraph] Beethoven's rebellious spirit and personality example of advocating freedom

1807, Beethoven lived in the home of Duke Li Xi Novsky. One day, a large group of guests came to the duke's house. They were all French officers sent by Napoleon to occupy Vienna at that time. The duke wanted to invite people to listen to music, so he sent someone to invite Beethoven, but he didn't explain the situation to Beethoven. Beethoven didn't understand and came here with his newly written Sonata of Passion. When I walked into the living room, I saw a group of occupation troops. Beethoven immediately rejected the duke's request. The duke became angry from embarrassment and even ordered Beethoven to play with a straight face. Beethoven was furious at Li Xi Novsky's shameless traitorous behavior. Although it was raining cats and dogs at night, he left angrily and smashed a bust that the duke had given him before. The next day, the duke received such a letter: "Duke! Your position is based on accidental birth. I became Beethoven because of myself. There are many dukes now and there will be many in the future, but I will always have only one Beethoven! "

Perhaps the actual situation is more violent than the information contained, but Beethoven's friends managed to cover it up. In Wegler's database, Wegler and Beethoven, a friend of the Brulin family, have a letter1written to Wegler by Reese on February 28th, 837, which mentioned: "If Count Hoops and others are not present, I'm afraid there will be a fight. Beethoven has raised a chair to prepare for a head-on attack from Prince Ryanovsky, because Beethoven was hiding in the room and bolted the door, but the prince knocked it down. Fortunately, Hopdorf stood among them and quarreled because Beethoven refused to play for several French officers invited to dinner by Ricky Novsky.

But Beethoven liked them; He said something to express his gratitude to them, but this gratitude does not authorize anyone to interfere with his freedom.

[Edit this paragraph] Other stories of Beethoven

& lt childhood >

Beethoven's grandfather and father were both court singers. Most of the time, his father is drunk, and he is not very good to his family. He never even asks if his family is well fed and warm. At first, a kind grandfather can save this family from too much suffering; On the other hand, the musical talent of his eldest grandson also makes the old man feel very gratified. But when Beethoven was only four years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and let him practice there for hours, slapping him whenever he played wrong. Neighbors often hear children sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and old Beethoven used to drink in the pub outside until midnight, and then went home to drag little Ludwig out of bed and start classes, sometimes until dawn. To make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age. When I was eight, I took him out to a concert when I was six. But there are no child prodigies in the world. Despite a lot of efforts, the old Beethoven never turned his son into another young Mozart. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was too unfortunate. Mozart received a good education in his childhood, and his training time was pleasant and quiet. He had a loving father and a beloved sister. Beethoven, on the other hand, won the respect of his hometown people for his performance, but his world-wide travel performance was far less amazing than Mozart's.

cling obstinately to one's course

Beethoven didn't want to be the darling of the living room. He would rather stay in his own residence and be able to get in and out, get up, dress and eat at will. He likes to fiddle with trifles in the room according to his own interests. Once, in order to get some air and see the scenery outside the window, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He is always in trouble with the landlords and always walks around. Whenever he creates a climax, he always throws pots of water on his head to cool down until the water soaks through the downstairs room-we can imagine the feelings of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so often that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano, but just sits on the floor and plays the piano. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays the rent of four apartments at the same time. This is probably the reason why although he earns a lot of money, he always has no savings!

deaf

When he really felt that he was going deaf, he was almost desperate. Life doesn't seem worth living: what is more unfortunate for a musician than not hearing the sweet voice that he likes to listen to and live by? At first, only a few old friends, such as Dr. Wigler and Stephen von Braeuning, knew about his misfortune. He gave up going to the palace to listen to the cheerful concert he liked very much. He was afraid that people would notice his deafness and thought that an deaf musician could not write a good work. Don't! He remembers all the music he wants to write. "I want to hold my destiny by the throat!" "Maybe it's not as difficult for him to create music when he is deaf as other musicians. In his view, music is not only to arrange various themes or sound patterns with charming voices, but also a language to express the deepest thoughts.