What are the manifestations of cardiac shadow abnormalities in simple mitral stenosis in rheumatic heart disease on three-dimensional cardiac images?

Hello, the abnormal cardiac shadow of simple mitral stenosis caused by rheumatic heart disease appears as follows on the three-dimensional cardiac X-ray:

There are no abnormal symptoms in early cases. Those with mild stenosis only show left atrium enlargement and mild congestion in the lungs. For patients with moderate or above moderate stenosis, radiographs may show narrowing of the aortic arch, protruding pulmonary artery cone, enlargement of the left atrium and right ventricle, as well as deepening of the hilar shadow and widening of the right descending pulmonary artery, exceeding the normal value of 1.4cm. Double shadows of the left and right atria can often be seen on the right edge of the heart, and the cardiothoracic ratio increases to 60% to 80%. Sometimes a thin straight horizontal line can be seen at the costophrenic angle, especially on the right side, called the intercostophrenic line (or Kerley B line). This is due to pulmonary lymphatic stasis. Patients with pulmonary hypertension sometimes have spots containing hemosiderin in the lung fields. In patients who are older (over 40 years old) and have strong physical labor, the aortic arch may not shrink. For patients with simple mitral stenosis, unless they have been manual workers or athletes in the past, and the left ventricle is generally not enlarged, other pathologies such as mitral regurgitation should be considered. Barium esophagographyj In the right anterior oblique view, it can be shown that the left atrium is enlarged and compresses the lower esophagus, causing the latter to move to the posterior side. In the left anterior oblique view, in addition to showing the elevation of the left common bronchus, which can indicate left atrial enlargement, it can also be observed whether there is a triangular transparent zone between the back of the diaphragm and the lower esophagus, which is helpful for judging left ventricular enlargement; It has certain reference value. Sometimes calcification of the mitral valve can be found on enhanced fluoroscopy of radiographic images. If there is a systolic pulse of the left atrium, it means that the mitral valve has severe regurgitation, which is particularly obvious on carbon dioxide imaging.

I hope the above reply will be helpful to you.