What are the famous scenic spots in Beijing?

Located in the center of Beijing, it is 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 440 thousand square meters. Tiananmen Gate is located at the northern end of the square. The five-star red flag is flying high above the square. The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in the center of the square. The Great Hall of the People and the Museum of Chinese Revolution are far apart on the east and west sides of the square. Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and Zhengyangmen Tower stand in the south of the square. There are thousands every day. People come here to visit and take pictures. Tiananmen Square on National Day is decorated with thousands of flowers and fountains. This is the most beautiful time of the year.

Address: No.4 Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District

the palace museum

It was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also called the Forbidden City. Now it is called the Palace Museum. Twenty-four emperors ruled the country here, covering an area of 720,000 square meters. The Forbidden City is surrounded by high walls. There is also a moat (also called Tongzi River) with a width of 52 meters outside the city. There are 8704 palaces in the towering palace walls, with a building area of155,000 square meters. There are tall towers in all directions of this city. The main entrance in the south is called Wumen, the Shenwumen in the north, the Donghuamen in the east and the Xihuamen in the west. There are beautiful turrets in every corner of the city. The whole building complex is symmetrically arranged according to the central axis. Well-organized. The subject is prominent. According to its layout, it can face the outside. Wenhua Wuying Palace, with two wings, is the place where the emperor held various ceremonies and engaged in political activities. Neiyan is dominated by Gan Qing Palace, Jiaoqin Palace and Kunning Palace, as well as hall of mental cultivation, Royal Garden, Waidong Road and Waixi Road, which is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs and life. The outer courtyard building is resplendent and magnificent, and the inner courtyard building is magnificent and reasonable in layout.

Address: No.4 Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District

Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace

Located on the east side of Tiananmen Square, it was once the ancestral hall of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It used to be called the ancestral temple. It is the place where the feudal dynasty royal family sacrificed their ancestors. It is one of the most complete buildings in the Ming Dynasty. The ancestral hall is rectangular in the north-south direction. The total construction area is 139650 square meters. The layout of the whole building is quite ingenious. There are three layers of glazed brick doors, three layers of halls, halberd doors and stone bridges arranged on the central axis. Formed a solemn atmosphere. Standing in the center of the whole building complex are three magnificent palaces. The main hall at the top of the double-eaved palace is the center of this complex. Now it is the activity center of education and training, culture and entertainment, science and technology and talent exchange in the capital.

Address: East of Tiananmen Square, Dongcheng District

Beijing Liu Yin Park

Liu Yin Park covers an area of/kloc-0.9 million square meters, with a water surface of 7.33 square meters. The park has two characteristics: first, there are many varieties of willows, and there are more than 1000 willows of dozens of varieties. Second, the park has beautiful rural scenery. In the middle of the park, there are Liu Chundao, Liu Yin Pavilion, Hu Ailian Pavilion, Shuiyuexuan, Hu's rockery, Pavilion Gallery Pier and so on.

Address: No.8 Huangsi Street, Dongcheng District

Beijing Yuanmingyuan tourist area

Located in the northwest of Beijing, it was built in the 48th year of Kangxi (1709). This is a royal garden built in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. It consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, covering an area of 350 hectares. It is a masterpiece of China's architecture and garden art, and is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens".

Address: No.28, Tsinghua West Road, Haidian District

Beijing Summer Palace Tourist Area

Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, it was once a royal garden and palace in the Qing Dynasty. The park is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, covering an area of 290.8 hectares, of which the water surface accounts for about three quarters. The Summer Palace has become a world-famous royal garden with its beautiful lakes and mountains, elegant garden art and exquisite historical relics.

Address: No.9, Gongmen Road, Xinjian, Haidian District.

Beijing reclining Buddha Temple-Yingtaogou

The reclining Buddha Temple is located at the foot of Shou 'an Mountain in Haidian District, adjacent to Xiangshan Mountain. It is named after the statue of reclining Buddha in the temple. It has been 1300 years. About 500 meters northwest of the reclining Buddha Temple is Cherry Valley. This is a quiet canyon, wide outside and narrow inside. There are beautiful and steep mountains on both sides. A winding stream is crystal clear.

Address: Beijing Botanical Garden, Wofosi Road, Haidian District

Badaling great wall

Badaling is located 60 kilometers northwest of Beijing, with east longitude 1 16 65' and north latitude 40 25'. Badaling is a mountain pass in Du Jun. the Ming Dynasty

The name Badaling was first seen in a long poem by Liu Ying, a poet in the Jin Dynasty. Arrive at Badaling in the evening. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "Beikou", opposite to Nankou. Nankou is located in Changping County, the northern suburb of Beijing. From the south exit to the north exit, there is a 40-mile-long canyon in the middle. There is the famous Wan Li Great Wall Pass in the canyon, so this canyon is named "Guan Gou". Badaling stands at the highest point at the northern end of Guangou. Here, two peaks are sandwiched together and open in the middle. Not in Guancheng, but in Badaling. " Badaling Pass's special terrain has become a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. It has always been heavily guarded. Badaling has become a military strategic location. It can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. According to the records in Historical Records and the general survey of cultural relics workers in recent years, it is proved that the Great Wall was built in Badaling area during the Warring States Period. Today, there are still relics of city walls, piers and abutments, and their trend is basically the same as that of the Great Wall today and tomorrow. According to Chinese records, there were two military capitals at that time, Juyongguan and the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is said that Juyongguan was in Juyongguan, hence its name. In the south, it is absolutely valley disaster. The stone is the entrance. It worships steep walls. This is not a light feat-its water is in the south of the mountain. It is the capital of the army-"So some experts think that Juyongguan is in Badaling. Where did the name of Juyong country come from? It was Qin Shihuang who built the Great Wall, moved a group of poor farmers and prisoners from the south, and settled in the Guichuan small basin of Dujun Mountain, which was called the residence of mediocrity. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was returned to Sichuan and settled in Yongjin County (like Yanqing). The topography, landform and current potential recorded on site are the same as the geographical environment of Badaling.

/kloc-The Great Wall was built in Badaling area in the Northern Wei Dynasty 0/500 years ago. According to Shu Wei's Biography, in the seventh year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (446), Tuoba's Taiping True Army built the Great Wall in the north of Pingdu Pingcheng (now Datong). It was named "Ji Shang Sai Wei". It starts from Shanggu Du Jun (Badaling area) in the east and reaches the bank of the Yellow River in the west. Later, he came to Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty for six years (555). It also built the Great Wall. From Datong in the west, through the army to Shandong.

The Badaling Great Wall was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, knew the military importance of the Great Wall. When he became emperor, he built fortifications and prepared for war. At that time, various prefectures and counties also built cities in succession. Zhu Yuanzhang sent general Xu Da Shengfeng to build the Great Wall in the north, and stepped up training and reclamation to prevent the remnants of the Yuan Army from invading the south.

1403, Judy, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne. 1420, moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. Judy is determined to unify China. He made five personal expeditions. The army went deep into the Mongolian plateau and reached as far as possible near the Enen River in the present Soviet Union. (After 1488) The Great Wall was built on a large scale with comprehensive contents. 18 large-scale construction project, finally built a high wall. It starts from Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east and reaches Bulongji in the west of Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the west. This is what we usually call the Great Wall of Wan Li. The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty is 65,438+04,600 miles long, which passes through seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in northern China. No matter from the level of engineering technology or the strictness of fortification, it is incomparable to the previous Great Wall.

The Great Wall of Wan Li in Ming Dynasty was no longer a single high wall, but a defense system in depth. Many city walls have been built in key areas, including Pass, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hebei. There are four double-line Great Walls in Shanxi. In important traffic and military locations, several Guancheng and short walls have been built, such as Shiliyu in Yanmenguan.

Badaling is the witness of many important events in history. After the first emperor Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi from the east, he took Datong from Badaling and drove back to Xianyang. Xiao Xunxing entered the customs. Yuan Di travels between Beijing and Shangdu twice a year. Ming Chengzu's Northern Expedition. Badaling is the only place that the Qing emperor personally visited. By the time of royalty and nobility in past dynasties, there were countless literati chanting Badaling poems. Left the earliest poems. The slope is connected with water. Mountains and Clouds * * * is high. As for those ethnic disputes, there is even a magnificent historical drama on Badaling. Now, the sufferings of the old China, the history of feudalism for two thousand years, and the past events of regime change have all become a distant past. The Great Wall is 100,000 miles long and has a culture of 50 years. The times have given the Badaling Great Wall a new mission. It is like a precious historical monument. It stands on the top of thousands of mountains, shining with the light of the Chinese nation. The indomitable great quality and spirit. It has become a friendship link between people of all ethnic groups in China, overseas Chinese and international friends. It is a precious cultural heritage of mankind.

After the founding of New China. 1952, Comrade Guo Moruo, then vice premier of the State Council and director of the Culture and Education Committee, suggested restoring the Badaling Great Wall to receive domestic and foreign tourists.

Since the Qing Dynasty, Badaling Great Wall has been abandoned day by day. After the State Council decided to repair it, the relevant departments took immediate action. It was repaired many times later.

196 1 year, the State Council designated Badaling Guancheng and its city wall as national key cultural relics protection units. 1984, at the initiative of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the ancient Xiongguan was completely renewed, and 19 watchtowers were successively restored. The total length of the city wall is 374 1 m. Badaling was rated as one of the sixteen scenic spots in new Beijing. 1987. The United Nations accepted the Great Wall of Wan Li as a "World Cultural Heritage". 199 1 August. Badaling, as the essence of the Great Wall of Wan Li, received the certificate of human cultural heritage issued by UNESCO at the Palace Museum in Beijing. 191year.65438866 At the naming meeting (94 national candidate scenic spots, 480,000 valid votes), Badaling was famous for its scenic spots. With an absolute majority of 370,000 votes, it has become the top 40 tourist attractions in China.

Badaling Great Wall is famous at home and abroad. This is the first section of the Great Wall in Wan Li that was opened to tourists. You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall. Up to now, Badaling has received a total of1.300 million Chinese and foreign tourists. Nixon, Reagan, Thatcher, Gorbachev, Elizabeth Heath and other 372 foreign heads of state successively boarded Badaling for sightseeing. This situation is rare in world scenic spots. Badaling Great Wall is for tourists to visit.

Badaling Great Wall, as the essence of Wan Li Great Wall, is welcoming tourists from all over the world and people who have boarded the Great Wall with its ancient and young majestic posture.

Beijing Ming tombs

The Ming Tombs are the general name of 13 imperial tombs after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. They are located at the southern foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping District, about 44 kilometers northwest of Beijing. The mausoleum covers an area of over 40 square kilometers. From the construction of Changling in 65,438+0409 to the construction of Siling in the early years of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Changling (Chengzu), Xianling (Renzong) and Jingling (Xuanzong) were built successively, which lasted more than 200 years. Kangling (Wuzong), Yongling (Sejong), Zhaoling (Mu Zong), Dingling (Zongshen), Qingling (Guangzong), Deling (Xizong) and Siling (four cases). Therefore, it is called the Ming Tombs. There are 13 emperors, 23 empresses and 65438 empresses buried in the mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty advocated the ritual system of "things die like things live". It believes that after death, the soul still exists and needs food and daily life. Therefore, the tombs of these thirteen emperors are comparable to palaces, showing the emperor's revered status and the great momentum of reigning in the world. Under the guidance of China's traditional geomantic theory, the Ming Tombs paid great attention to the harmony and unity of mausoleum architecture with nature, landscape and vegetation from site selection to planning and design, and pursued the shape.

The setting of ancient imperial tombs in China appeared as early as the mid-Warring States period. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, a relatively centralized and independent royal cemetery community appeared. The Ming Tombs are characterized by their first embodiment of the integrity of the royal tombs in China. Although every emperor's mausoleum has its own hall, Ming architecture and treasure city, in the mausoleum area, the Shinto of Changling has become the "total Shinto" running through the mausoleum.

The natural environment of the Ming Tombs is surrounded by green hills. The Ming Tombs are open and water flows through them. The location of each tomb is surrounded by mountains. Compared with the mausoleum built on the plain, the natural landscape of this mausoleum is more pleasing to the eye, which can better show the solemnity and grandeur of the imperial mausoleum. Luo, a famous expert on ancient architecture, commented: [The Ming Tombs have high architectural value. The scale of Nanmu Temple in Changling is.

German tourists visit Dingling stone carving.

Among the tombs, only Dingling was excavated in 1956. Other graves are well preserved. The Shinto in front of the tomb, the main stone archway, the Dahongmen, the Shen Gong Shengde Monument Pavilion, the student stone statue, the Dragon and Phoenix Gate and other major buildings have maintained their original features. A large number of pines and cypresses planted inside and outside the Ming tombs and on both sides of Shinto are still flourishing. The imperial concubines' tombs in the mausoleum area are still flourishing.

In August 2002, Li Xianghai, an official of the United Nations Heritage Committee and an expert of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, visited the Ming Tombs. He believes that the Ming Tombs represent a unique artistic achievement, which has had a great impact on the development of architectural art in a certain cultural field in the world and can provide a unique witness for a disappearing civilization. As a building complex, it shows an important stage in human history.

The layout and management of the Ming Tombs, while satisfying the function of ritual system, closely combined with natural environmental factors such as mountains and rivers, reached a very high artistic level and had a far-reaching impact on the establishment of the Qing Dongling Mausoleum and the Qing Xiling Mausoleum.

Except for the size and complexity of the building, the layout and regulations of the tombs are basically the same. They are all rectangular in plan view. There is a round (or oval) treasure behind them. Buildings are divided into Lingmen, Monument Pavilion, Yi 'en Gate, Yi 'en Hall, Minglou and Baocheng. From the stone bridge. Every tomb has a "supervisor" who is responsible for offering sacrifices to sweep the grave.

The most famous Ming Tombs are the majestic Changling mausoleum on the ground and the excavated Dingling mausoleum in the underground palace. The whole mausoleum area used to be surrounded by mausoleum walls. The main entrance opens at the southern end, on both sides of Mangshan and Huyu, like a tiger sitting on the gate of Yilong. From the construction of Changling in the seventh year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1409) to the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644). For more than 200 years, it has been forbidden to build Si Ling. There is a mausoleum. Changling is the mausoleum building of Judy, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty. Heng 'en Temple, also called Xiandian, is the main building of Changling. This is an important place for ancestor worship. Qianen Temple in Changling is the largest wooden temple with handles in China. Dingling is the mausoleum of Ming Shenzong Emperor Zhu Yijun. It was the longest reigning emperor of the Ming Dynasty (440. The rules of the cemetery are modeled after Changling. After scientific excavation, Dingling Underground Palace has been built from 1956 to 1958. Zhaoling ranks ninth among the Ming Tombs. The architecture of Zhaoling has its own uniqueness. It is the most complete and representative mausoleum building in the Ming Tombs.

The Ming Tombs became the first batch of ancient cultural relics protection units in Beijing on 1957. 196 1 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Together with Badaling Great Wall, it is listed as one of the 44 key scenic spots in China. In July, 2003, the 27th session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee listed the Ming Tombs and Nanjing Ming Tombs as expansion projects of imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties. World Heritage List > Ming and Qing emperors' tombs, distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, are the tombs of China Ming and Qing emperors. It was built according to a strict hierarchy. It has a complete above-ground and underground building system. Its layout is rigorous, its scale is grand, its architecture is gorgeous and its technology is exquisite. It embodies the highest funeral system in China feudal society. In 2000, UNESCO recognized it as a world cultural heritage standard. It will be the Ming Tombs and the Qingming Tombs. World Heritage List.

Stone archway: Built in the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), it is located at the southernmost tip of Lu Shen Road in the Ming Tombs. It is made of white marble and has the width of five rooms. There are six columns on the eleventh floor, with a width of 28.86 meters and a square height of 14 meters. The pillars are carved with unicorn, lion, dragon and monster. Yun Teng surges. It looks lifelike. The forehead at the top of the door.

Stone statue students: There are 24 stone beasts (four lions, four camels, four elephants, four unicorns and four horses) and 12 stone men (four military officers, four civil servants and four officials) on both sides of Lu Shen Road from the Monument Building of the Ming Tombs to Longfengmen, which is the ten years of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (1438).

Lingxingmen: commonly known as Longfeng Gate. On Lu Shen Road, north of the Stone Statue of the Ming Tombs, there is a white marble archway. The gate faces south. These three doors are side by side. The short red wall, cloud disk with stigma and animals constitute the decoration on the door. The structure is very strange. There is a stone fireball in the center of the three doors. Therefore, it is also called the flame archway.

Changling ling' en temple

Changling: Under the main peak of Tianshou Mountain is the mausoleum of the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty and his empress Xu (the first burial of Ming Tombs). It is the earliest and largest of the Ming Tombs. It was built in the 11th year of Yongle (14 13). The whole cemetery is surrounded by a wall, which is divided into three courtyards: Lingmen, Shenku and Shenchu. Baocheng is a brick, circular, with a diameter of about 340 meters and a circumference of more than 1 km. There is a crib on it, which looks like a castle. There is high enclosed soil inside. Below the enclosure is the location of the underground palace. There is a door in the center of Baocheng South, and you can go up Daming Building along the ramp. The building is square, with voucher doors on all sides, a cross-shaped dome ceiling in the middle and yellow tiles on the top. Mausoleum ". Besides the cemetery itself, there are two graves. The east grave is in the south of Shantou Mountain in Deling, and the west grave is in the northwest of Dingling. Sixteen imperial concubines were buried in the grave. Because its tomb looks like a deep well, it is named Dongjing Xijing Temple: in the Second Hospital of Changling, you can enjoy the hall. It is the place where sacrificial ceremonies are held when offering sacrifices to the mausoleum. Designated during the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. On a three-story stone platform with a height of 3m and an area of1956m2, there are twelve Jin Sinan Muming columns in the hall, with the maximum diameter of1.17m and the height of14.3m..

Yongling: It is the mausoleum of Ming Shizong and his three empresses in the southeast of Changling. Its scale is not as big as Changling, but its structure is exquisite and meticulous. The mausoleum has three courtyards, seven halls for enjoyment and nine halls for two temples. This Ming-style building is well preserved. It is the crown of the Ming Tombs. The battlements were made of mottled stones, and the rafters flew about.

Dingling: Located at the foot of Dayu Mountain in the southwest of Changling. This is the tomb of Zhu Yijun, the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his two empresses (Xiao Duan filial piety). Eleven years of Wanli (1583). Take advantage of the opportunity of offering sacrifices to the mausoleum to lead the civil and military officials, warlocks, Qin, etc. Personally choose the mausoleum site in Tianshou Mountain, determine the regulations for establishing the mausoleum, and start construction the following year. It lasted for six years and served more than 30 thousand military craftsmen and craftsmen. The main buildings are Mausoleum Gate, Fenen Gate, Fenen Hall, Ming Lou Bao Cheng, Baoding and Underground Palace. Repaired and changed five rooms. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was burned again. Only ruins are left. This Ming-style building is a yellow glazed tile building with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. "Dingling" is listed under the eaves. The four corners and steps are all made of huge stones. Rafts and buckets are also made of stone carvings and decorated with colorful paintings. They are strong and beautiful. The stone tablet in the Ming building is the forehead. Destroyed. Inside and outside the Mausoleum, there are sacrificial pavilions, shrines, chefs, courts, stables and shrine supervisors. The underground palace is located behind the Ming building, which is the main part of the mausoleum. 1956 was excavated in May, and a large number of precious cultural relics were unearthed, which solved the mystery of the underground palace and provided valuable material for studying the history of the Ming Dynasty. Underground Palace: Dingling Underground Palace is the Ming Tombs. The back of Dingling Ming Building, 27 meters away from the top of the tomb, has a total area of 1 195 square meters, all of which are arched stone structures, connected by five tall and spacious halls: front, middle, back, left and right. The hall in the middle of the front is a rectangular aisle. The back hall is on the top. There is a stone coupon door between the front, middle and back halls. It is meters wide, 1.8m, and weighs about 4 tons. Doors are rectangular beams made of bronze (called pipe fans). It is 84cm wide, 30cm thick and weighs about 10t. Shimen is made neatly and meticulously, and the design is scientific and reasonable. There is a "natural stone" in the door. The height is 1.6m, and the floor is paved. The nave is a hall where sacrificial vessels are displayed. There are three white marble thrones behind the emperor, a blue-and-white Yunlong porcelain jar for lighting the ever-burning lamp, and five yellow colored glasses. The left and right auxiliary halls are stone arch buildings without beams, with a length of 26 meters, a width of 6 meters and a height of 7. 1 meter. There is a coffin bed made of white marble. The coffin bed is paved with bricks. There is a rectangular hole in the middle. 9. 1m。 The height is 9.5m, and the ground is polished and mottled stone (stone+people). The coffins of Zhu Yijun and Xiao Duan Xiaojing were placed in the center of the coffin bed. Three coffins are surrounded by jade articles, plum bottles and red lacquer wooden boxes filled with funerary objects.