Stunt content of movie stunts

(1) Complete a huge, difficult and even dangerous shooting task. In the film, there are sometimes battle scenes such as the land where shells are flying, the battlefield filled with smoke, turrets soaring into the sky, warships on fire, planes falling to the ground, houses collapsing, trains derailed, and sometimes natural disaster scenes such as river bank breaches, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. The general shooting method can't complete or can't complete such a shooting task well. Making full use of stunt shooting or some thrilling scenes in a thriller style film can give the film a tense and thrilling atmosphere without making the actors take any risks.

② Improve the artistic quality of focal plane and enhance its artistic effect. According to the needs of film content, atmosphere or picture effect, the number of subjects and the proportional relationship between them are changed by special effects, resulting in normal perspective or image deformation; It can balance the brightness of the picture, adjust the hue and contrast of the picture, change the atmosphere of the picture, rearrange the picture composition, modify or delete some scenes in the picture; It can change the rhythm and direction of the subject's action, resulting in multiple pictures in one shot or multiple images in one picture; You can also perform strokes, fade in and out, overlap, flip, picture rotation and virtual and real skills.

③ Create a brand-new focal plane. In fairy tales and fairy tales, the beautified or deified behaviors and actions of nature, characters and roles can't be found in real life and natural environment. Glittering underwater dragon palace, dazzling paradise, mysterious grottoes, soaring, diving underground, cutting mountains for heroes, no special effects will make fairy tales or fairy tales lose it. In science and education films and science fiction films, only by making full use of special effects can we make a brand-new shot according to the requirements of the creators, so that the contents of the films can be fully expressed.

④ Save the shooting time and reduce the film cost. The shooting frequency of the camera used to shoot stunts is generally adjustable, and it can be shot quickly or slowly. Usually, the projection frequency of the projector is set to 24 frames per second. If you shoot fast (generally speaking, more than 24 frames per second and less than 128 frames per second), you will get the effect of slowing down the subject's movements. Slow photography (generally below 24 frames per second) and normal frequency projection will get the effect that the subject moves faster, so some people call fast photography slow motion photography and slow photography fast motion photography.

When shooting, if the camera rotates in the opposite direction, that is, the film moves in the opposite direction, the reverse action effect of the subject will be obtained on the screen. This method is called backhand.

In the process of shooting a shot, the moving camera is paused, and the position and other conditions are fixed. At this point, some objects in the subject are replaced, removed or added, and then the camera is started to continue shooting. In this way, you will get the effect that some objects suddenly change, disappear or appear in a picture on the screen, so stop and shoot again.

The method of completing a picture through multiple local exposures is called multiple exposures of the picture. When shooting, add a black opaque mask in front of the camera or camera window. When shooting for the first time, the shutter blocked a part of the scene, making the corresponding part of the film insensitive. In the second shooting, the photosensitive part of the film in the first shooting is blocked by another shutter, so that it is no longer photosensitive. At the same time, the shutter used in the first shooting is removed to make the unexposed part photosensitive. In this way, a complete picture can be synthesized. When a corner and two ornaments are required to appear in the same picture, this method can be used to shoot. Every part of this multi-exposure picture is closely adjacent, so it is also called neighborhood multi-light. If all or part of the repeatedly exposed images in a picture are superimposed together, it is called overprint multiple exposure.

Taking a small-scale model as the shooting object, rather than the real scene, is called model photography, which is one of the most commonly used stunt methods. Model photography is widely used when shooting war scenes, natural disaster scenes, fairy tales and fantasy scenes in fairy tales, and simulation scenes in science and education films.

The model is a miniature model of the real thing, which appears in front of the audience as a real scene in the picture. Therefore, the proportional relationship between the model and the real scene, the perspective relationship of the model scene, the treatment of color, light and surface texture should be consistent with the real scene as much as possible.

The method of replacing a part of the real scene with paintings, models or photos, supplementing or deleting some scenes in the real scene, so as to obtain the artistic effect required by the film is called simultaneous framing. Synchronous framing method is the most commonly used and simplest method among stunt methods. Among them, the method of replacing some real scenes in the picture with paintings is called simultaneous painting synthesis (see painting synthesis). The method of replacing some real scenes with models is called synchronous model synthesis. Compared with painting, the advantages of using models are strong stereoscopic impression, easy to obtain real lighting effect, not limited by shooting time, and some necessary effects can be produced in the model part. The disadvantage is that the process is complicated and the seams and brackets are prone to difficulties.

The method of using the image reflected by the mirror to replace a part of the real scene in the picture and shooting it on the spot at one time to synthesize a unified and complete picture is called mirror synthesis. According to different mirrors, this method can be divided into two types. One is a total reflector. When synthesizing, the reflective material of the part that does not need to be reflected in the total reflection mirror is removed, so that the part with reflective material can reflect the scene, and the part without reflective material can penetrate the scene. When shooting, the reflected image and the transmitted image are shot in one picture at the same time. The other is a half mirror. In order to avoid the overlapping of reflection image and transmission image, the front and back hoods are used when shooting. One hood is placed between the mirror and the scene performed by the actor (in front of the camera), and the other hood is placed between the mirror and the reflected scene (on the camera side).

The method of shooting the image projected on the screen and the actor's performance in front of the screen one by one is called screen synthesis. Including background projection process and front projection process.

In modern times, the more commonly used stunts are movable mask photography and optical technology printing.

With the development of electronic technology, television technology and computer technology, new methods related to movie stunts emerge one after another.

Electronic blue screen method. It uses electronic control method to combine the foreground actor image and the background image in one picture at the same time. It consists of a servo control system consisting of a foreground camera car and a background camera mechanism. The actor performed in front of the blue screen. When shooting, the foreground camera car carries out various mobile shooting, and the controlled background camera moves the shooting background according to a certain proportion. The images taken by two cameras are synthesized into one image by electronic synthesis mechanism, and recorded on magnetic tape by video recorder. This method solves the problems of foreground (mainly people) contour widening and motion shooting that often appear in motion mask method, and can also make people move in the model. This signal recorded on magnetic tape can be transcribed into film and become an optical image.

Electronic analog photography. It uses a program to control the camera to move and shoot. Shooting is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the camera shoots the actor's performance scene in front of the blue screen, and at the same time converts all kinds of movements in the actual shooting process of the camera into analog quantities, which are calculated and stored by the computer; The negative film taken for the first time is processed by blue screen method to obtain positive and negative masks. The second stage is shooting the background. Extract the signals stored in the computer according to a certain proportion, simulate the motion form of the first shooting, and shoot the background repeatedly according to the proportion. After synthesis, a synthesis diagram is obtained.

Digital stunt method. Digital stunt pictures can be divided into two types. One is linear graphics, that is, single-line geometric graphics screen; One is scanning graphics, that is, scanned image graphics with tones. The first one is often used in cartoons, and the second one is often used in feature films. The production method is as follows: according to the shooting requirements, the computer calculates and compiles the program; After automatic check and correction, the recorded picture is shot by a video recorder according to the program, and then the tape signal is transcribed to the film to form an optical image.