How many dynasties are there in Xi 'an? How many emperors?

Xi 'an once had 13 dynasties and 72 emperors.

Xi is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Chang 'an has been an imperial capital since ancient times, with the capital of Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Former Zhao Dynasty, Former Qin Dynasty, Later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty 13 dynasties. The famous dynasties are as follows.

1, Gao Feng and Peking.

Chang 'an area has long been the capital of Zhou Dynasty in China, and the earliest records are Tan Jing and Hao Jing (11-770 BC). Haojing, also known as Tanqiu, was originally two large cities built along the Tanhe River. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Tanjing played a more religious role in offering sacrifices, while Haojing existed as an administrative center. The capitals of the Western Zhou Dynasty are Gao Feng and Peking.

2. Xianyang and Qin Dou

Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty, was located on both sides of the Weihe River in ancient times, including parts of Xi 'an and Xianyang today.

Xianyang is the capital of Qin after the Shang Yang Reform in the 12th year of Qin Xiaogong (350 BC). After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the capital was still in Xianyang. At that time, Xianyang and Qin Dou were large-scale, including vast areas on both sides of the Weihe River.

Taking Xianyang as the center, east to the Yellow River and west to the Weihe River; It starts from Jiusan and Guanglin Palace in the north and ends at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains in the south, 400 kilometers from east to west and 200 kilometers from north to south, with branches.

To the north of Weihe River, there are Jique, Xianyang Palace, Lanchi Palace and the "Six Kingdoms Palace" with their own characteristics. To the south of Weihe River, there are world-famous "Epang Palace", Ganquan Palace and Shanglin Garden for the emperor to play. The Weihe River flows through the palaces of Xianyang City. A wooden bridge with a width of 6 feet and a length of 380 steps connects Weibei and Weinan. Xianyang was one of the largest and most prosperous cities in the world. ?

3. Handu Chang 'an

At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chang 'an was a town gathering place in Xianyang, Qin Dou, and was the fief of An Jun, the younger brother of Qin Shihuang, so it was called Chang 'an. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Bang wrote a letter, and Prime Minister Xiao He presided over the construction of the capital Chang 'an, which opened the great inheritance of the Han Empire.

In 202 BC, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, and Lou Jing suggested making Guanzhong the capital, but most ministers came from the East and opposed it. Liu Wen said, "Although the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was better than the Second, the battlements in Luoyi were only a few hundred miles, and the fields were too thin and flat on all sides, making it vulnerable to attack.

On the other hand, there are thousands of miles of fertile fields of Hanguguan and Longshu in Guanzhong, the richness of Bashu in the south and the convenience of Hu people's animal husbandry in the north. They can defend on three sides and contain the eastern princes. As long as they hold the Wei River and transport the capital to the east, they can go down the river when the east changes. As the saying goes, Jincheng is a thousand miles away, a land of abundance. Lou Jing is right. "So Liu Bang decided to make its capital Chang 'an, worship Lou Jing as a doctor and give him the surname Liu.

In the fifth year of Emperor Gaudi of Han Dynasty (the first 202 years), Chang 'an County was established, and in the seventh year of Emperor Gaudi, its capital was established here. Liu Bang began to rebuild the palace on the south bank of Weihe River, the north side of Epang Palace and Qinxingle Palace, and named it Changle Palace. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 200 years), Weiyang Palace was built. In the same year, the capital moved from Quercus Yangcheng to this place. Because it is located in Chang 'an Township, it is named Chang 'an City.

The Great Wall was built in the first year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty (BC 194) to five years (BC 190). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Jing to govern Chang 'an, expanded Chang 'an City on a large scale, built Gui Palace and Mingguang Palace, and expanded Shanglin Garden in the west of the city, dug Kunming Pool and built palaces.

In the history of more than 200 years in the Western Han Dynasty, Chang 'an has always been the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country. Chang 'an has become a bridge connecting Europe and Asia and the starting point of the Silk Road since Zhang Qian sent a mission to the Western Regions and opened a trade route during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Liu Xiujian, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chang 'an was renamed Xijing. At the end of Han Dynasty, Xian Di moved the capital to Chang 'an. During the Han Dynasty, Chang 'an always existed as the capital.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in dispute, and the Han Dynasty was weak. In the first year of Chuping (190), Dong Zhuo, a warlord of Xiliang, moved to Chang 'an with Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. /kloc-in April, 1992, Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Wang Yun and Lu Bu. 1June, 1992, Dong Zhuo and Li Jue invaded Chang 'an again, and then they attacked each other and killed each other.

4. Chang 'an, the capital of Sui Dynasty

After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty usurped the Northern Zhou Dynasty to establish the Sui Dynasty, the capital was Chang 'an of Han Dynasty. At that time, Chang 'an in Han Dynasty experienced a long war, which was in disrepair, dilapidated and narrow, and seriously polluted. Emperor Wendi of Sui decided to build another new city.

In 582 AD, Emperor Wendi chose land to build his capital at the southern foot of Longshou Plateau in the southeast of Chang 'an, and the new capital was named "Daxing City". Daxing City covers an area of 84 square kilometers and is mainly planned and constructed by architect Yu Wenkai. Build Daxing Miyagi first, and then build the imperial city. In the third year of Huang Kai (583), Longshou Canal, Yong 'an Canal and Qingming Canal were dug in the west of the city to divert water, pay water and communicate with Miyagi.

In the second year, more than 300 miles were dug from the east of Daxing City to Tongguan, named Guangtong Canal, and the Weihe River was injected into the canal to make the water transport go straight into the Yellow River. In 605, Yang Di Yang Guang ascended the throne, and in the same year, Tongji Canal from Daxing to Jiangdu (now Yangzhou) was built. In 608, Yongji Canal was built. In the nine years of Great Cause (6 13), more than 654.38+ten thousand people were employed in Guo Cheng outside Daxing City, thus forming the overall pattern of Daxing City.

5. Changan, Tang Dou

In 6 18, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, established the Tang Dynasty, and changed Daxing into Chang 'an, which was further improved. During the reign of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Xuanzong, Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace were successively built.

Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was 35.56 kilometers long, with an area of about 87.27 square kilometers, which was 9.7 times that of Xi 'an City Wall today, 2.4 times that of Chang 'an City in Western Han Dynasty, 1.7 times that of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, 7 times that of Constantinople in 447 AD, and 6.2 times that of Baghdad and ancient Rome in 800 AD. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was the largest and most prosperous international city at that time.

The shape of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was a model of ancient cities in China, especially the capital construction, which also influenced the capital construction of neighboring countries at that time.

I. Western Zhou Dynasty (1 1 emperor)

They are,,,, Zhou Zhaowang,,,,,,,,,,,, Zhou Yiwang, and Li.

Second, Qin (san huang)

They are Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi and Zi Ying, King of Qin.

Third, the Western Han Dynasty (Fifteen Emperors)

They are Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Emperor Wudi Hui Di Liu Ying and Shaodi Gong Liu? 、? Ricardo, Emperor, Liu Heng, Liu Qi, Liu Che, Liu Fuling, Liu He and Liu Xun? Liu Shi, Emperor Han Yuan, Liu Ao, Emperor Han Ai, Liu Xin? Liu Kan, Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty, and Liu Ying, loyal minister of Han Dynasty.

4. Xin Mang (Emperor)

It's Wang Mang.

5. Eastern Han Dynasty (Fourteen Emperors)

They are Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu? Liu Zhuang, Zhang Han, Liu Zhao, Liu Long, Liu Hu, Liu Yi, Liu Shun, Liu Bao? Emperor Liu Bing, Emperor Liu Zuan, Emperor Liu Hong? Liu Bian, the young emperor of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Xie, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

6. Western Jin Dynasty (Five Emperors)

They are Emperor Sima Yan and Emperor Sima Zhong. Emperor Sima Lun, Emperor Sima Chi and Emperor Sima Ye. ?

7. Former Zhao (Five Emperors)

They are Liu Yuan, Liu He, Liu Cong, Liu Xie and Liu Yao.

8. Former Qin Dynasty (Six Emperors)

They are Fu Jian, Fu Sheng, Fu Jian, Fu Pi, Fu Deng and Fu Chong.

9. Later Qin Dynasty (san huang)

They are Yao Chang, Yao Xing and Yao Hong.

10, Western Wei Dynasty (san huang)

They are Yuanbaoju, Qin Yuan and Yuankuo.

1 1, Northern Zhou Dynasty (Five Emperors)

They are Yu Wenxuan, Yu Wenyu, Yu Wenyong, Yu Wenyun and Yu Yu.

12, Sui (Four Emperors)

They are Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Yang Guang, You Yang and Dong Yang.

13, Tang (21st emperor)

They are Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi,? Tang Zhongzong Li Xian? , Tang Ruizong Li Dan, Wu Zetian, Tang Xuanzong Li Longji,? Tang Suzong Hengli, Tang Daizong Liyu, Tang Dezong Shili.

Tang Shunzong Li Yong, Tang Xianzong Chun-Li, Tang Muzong Hengli? 、? Li Zhan, Tang Jingzong, Li Ang, Tang Wenzong? Tang Wuzong Li Yan, Tang Xuanzong Li Chen, Tang Yizong Cui Li, Tang Xizong Li Xian, Tang Zhaozong Li Ye, Tang Aidi Li Yong.

Extended data

Xi 'an, the capital of the 13th Dynasty, reflects the characteristics and advantages of Xi 'an to some extent. Xi is the first of the four ancient capitals in China, namely Xi, Luoyang, Beijing and Nanjing. Since ancient times, it has enjoyed the prosperity of "Four Guanqiongs, Floating Weijing, Thousands of Miles of Golden City, Land of Abundance", with sufficient water resources to meet the demand of production and living water.

Regional economic prosperity, convenient transportation, located in plains and basins; With the geographical advantages of defending and attacking, it is one of the largest ancient capitals in China.

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