How does the South-to-North Water Transfer Project Cross the Yellow River?

Question 1: How does the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project cross the Yellow River? After years of investigation, design, demonstration and comparison by many domestic water conservancy experts, the largest water transfer project in human history-the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has finally been settled: "South Water" will be transported across the Yellow River in Licun, Wangcun Town, Xingyang City, 30 kilometers upstream of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge, and it is expected to start at the end of this year.

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Li Cun was selected from many articles.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project started its research work in 1950s. Since 1990s, the Yangtze River Survey, Planning and Design Institute of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission and the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission have been continuously studying the design of the Yellow River crossing project.

In order to choose a suitable crossing site for the Yellow River crossing project, technicians such as survey, planning and design have cooperated for a long time. According to the different design stages and different water diversion scales of the Yellow River crossing project (the first-stage design flow is 265m3/s, and the later-stage design flow is 440m3/s), the yellow river crossing project schemes of different lines such as Gubaizui Line, Licun Line, Lizhai Line and Niukouyu Line near the upper reaches of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge are preliminarily determined. Finally, considering various factors, Li Village, Wangcun Town, Xingyang City, located 30 kilometers west of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge, was chosen as the route to cross the Yellow River.

investment

The first phase is 3 billion.

The Yellow River crossing project is located about 30 kilometers upstream of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge. The south bank of the project starts from point A near Licun, Wangcun Town, Xingyang City and ends at point S on the north bank of the Yellow River, with a total length of19.3km..

The main structures of Licun line tunnel scheme include: south bank connecting open channel, south bank retreating tunnel, yellow river crossing tunnel section and entrance building (including Mangshan tunnel), yellow river crossing tunnel section of main river, exit building, north bank connecting open channel, north bank Xin Mang River, Laoyong River inverted siphon, north bank protective dike and inter-channel crossing building, etc. Among them, the tunnel under the main river is 3.45 kilometers long, with a buried depth of 30 meters and a distance of about 25 meters from the Yellow River. Double tunnels are used to cross side by side, with a net inner diameter of 7 meters, a distance of 32 meters between the center lines of the two tunnels, and a total tunnel diameter of about 9 meters. Adopt slurry shield construction; The length of the south and north water conveyance channels is 4.96 km and 9.96 km respectively. The south bank entrance section is 800 meters long, and the gentle slope directly reaches the main channel at the bottom of the Yellow River, avoiding the Mangshan excavation, and the north bank exit section is 227.9 meters long. The engineering design water flow rate is 265 cubic meters per second, and the flow rate is increased by 320 cubic meters per second.

The planned construction period of the Yellow River crossing project in the first phase of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 5 1 month. According to the market price level of Zhengzhou in 2004, the static total investment of the project is 30438+0766+020,000 yuan.

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You can enter the tunnel directly.

After the tunnel is completed, the maintenance vehicles can drive into the tunnel directly. According to the design, the annual maintenance period of the tunnel is 15 ~ 30 days, and the overhaul is arranged for 30 ~ 60 days every 3 ~ 5 years. Check the water in the emptying hole once every six months or so.

Modern observation instruments are arranged in the tunnel. The stress and change in the cave can be seen in the automatic control room through automatic observation instruments. During maintenance, start the pumping system to drain the water in the hole into the Yellow River or channel, and the emptying time is 80 hours. After the water is drained, it can be opened from the inclined hole on the gentle slope on the south bank for maintenance and dredging.

drive

Just like shaving.

The tunnel crossing the Yellow River adopts double-layer lining, the outer layer is assembled ordinary reinforced concrete segment structure, and the inner layer is cast-in-place prestressed reinforced concrete integral structure.

How is the shield machine driven? There is a circular cutter head nearly 9 meters in front of the shield machine. There are many blades on the cutter head, and many motors drive the cutter head. The head of the knife rotates like a razor to shave. There are many jacks behind the shield machine, which push forward against the concrete lining behind. There is a cutter head in front and a jack in the back, so the razor shaves off the beard a little. The shell of the cylindrical part of the shield machine is the shield, which temporarily supports the excavated unlined tunnel section, bears the pressure of the surrounding soil layer, bears the pressure of groundwater and keeps the groundwater out. Abandoning soil, lining and grouting behind the wall are carried out under the cover of shield.

What should I do if the stratum of the Yellow River crossing project is complex and I can't shave off my beard? Experts involved in the design of the Yellow River crossing project said that when encountering soft rock, the shield machine can adopt the construction method of small thrust and high speed to drive through; When encountering well cemented and high-strength rocks >

Question 2: How does the South-to-North Water Diversion Project cross the South-to-North Water Diversion Project? It is a strategic project aimed at alleviating the shortage of water resources in northern and northwestern China. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project promotes the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment between the north and the south through the rational allocation of water resources across basins, and is divided into three water transfer routes: the eastern route, the middle route and the western route. This project has also been opposed by many people.

The eastern route project is located in the east, and it needs to be pumped to North China because of its low terrain. The middle route project takes water from Danjiangkou Reservoir at the intersection of Hanshui River and its largest tributary [2], and supplies water to most areas of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and more than 20 large and medium-sized cities by gravity; The west line project is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and water is replenished from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The construction of the western line project has not started.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be reasonably controlled to ensure that the north can be nourished without affecting the ecology of the south. The middle line caused drought in the Hanjiang River basin, and lakes such as Dongting Lake plummeted. Destroying the natural balance of the water cycle, the water level on the eastern line has dropped year after year.

20 14, 14 On June 5, 2004, the construction meeting of South-to-North Water Diversion Project made it clear that the construction goal in 20 14 is to open the central line as scheduled and run the eastern line smoothly.

Question 3: How did the South-to-North Water Transfer Project cross the Yellow River? The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is the largest inter-basin water transfer project in the world. The main water conveyance canal takes water from the head of Taocha canal of Danjiangkou Reservoir and flows through 73 1 km in Henan Province. The Anyang section of the main canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 65.0 1km, passing through 77 administrative villages, 35 rivers (ditches) and 3 railways in 2 counties, 4 districts, 9 townships and 3 offices in China.

The Anyang section of the main canal of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 65.0 1 km, passing through tangyin county, Longan District, Development Zone, Wenfeng District, Yindu District and Anyang County, involving more than 70 administrative villages and many units.

Question 4: How did the South-to-North Water Transfer Project cross the Yellow River? Whether the main canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project crosses the Yellow River by overhead aqueduct or river-bottom tunnel has always been controversial. In contrast, the tunnel under the river can be protected from adverse factors such as temperature, freezing and strong wind, with good durability and relatively simple maintenance.

The maximum buried depth of the tunnel crossing the Yellow River is 35 meters at the bottom of the Yellow River. How to ensure the tunnel to bear water pressure is a technical problem that has no precedent in domestic water conservancy projects and is difficult to learn from in international water conservancy projects.

"To start work, you must first' go down to the ground'. The construction unit first digs a construction shaft on the bank of the Yellow River, transports the shield machine into the construction passage, assembles it underground, and excavates the tunnel. It is understood that the tunnel crossing the Yellow River is the first tunnel crossing the Yellow River in China, and the thickness and depth of the underground diaphragm wall of the project are the highest in China at present. In addition, the construction has set a new record for the long-distance soft soil construction of underwater tunnels in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.

Question 5: How does the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project pass through Fangchengguan and the Yellow River? 1, prevent the city from digging open trench, and the depth is 17m.

Fangcheng County is located at the northeast edge of Nanyang Basin, at the junction of north subtropical zone and south warm temperate zone, Yangtze River basin and Huaihe River basin, Nanyang Basin and Huanghuai Plain, Funiu Mountain Range and Tongbai Mountain Range, North China Platform and Qinling Geosyncline. The mountain at the junction of Funiu Mountain and Tongbai Mountain suddenly subsided in the northeast of the county, forming a trumpet graben with a narrow northeast and a wide southwest. The special geographical location of "Five Boundaries and One Mouth" makes Fangcheng "Hunan and Han in the south, Heluo in the north, Jianghuai in the east and Wuguan in the west", which has been the hub of the Central Plains and the throat of the whole country since ancient times. In particular, the east-west length of Fangcheng is15km, the north-south width is 20km, the ground elevation on both sides is more than 200m, and the pass is only146m, which creates unique conditions for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to span the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins. The elevation of the bottom of the middle line project is 1.29 meters. Canal water needs to pass through the fortification between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. As long as an open channel with a depth of 1.7 meters is dug in Fangcheng Pass, it can flow northward to the Huaihe River Basin from here and northward to Beijing along the Huanghuaihai Plain.

2. Yellow River Project-tunnel inverted rainbow

The tunnel crossing the Yellow River has a total length of 4,250m and a buried depth of 23 ~ 31m.. Two tunnels are used to cross side by side. The widest distance between tunnel axes is 28m, the shortest distance is 19.3m, the clear water inner diameter is 7m, and the tunnel is externally lined. The diameter of the whole tunnel is about 9m. Because these magnificent buildings are buried underground, people can hardly see them. The projects on the ground are magnificent. In a few years, you will stand at the top of Mangshan Mountain and look south. The south bank is more than 4,620 meters long, the width of the canal bottom is 12.5 meters, and the elevation of the canal top is 120 meters, which will be connected with the open channel.

Question 6: How does the South-to-North Water Transfer Project cross the Yellow River or dig an underground culvert to pass under the Yellow River bed?

Question 7: Where does the South-to-North Water Diversion Project cross the Yellow River in Henan, the west of Zhengzhou and ancient Baidu in Xingyang? The Yellow River in summer afternoon is endless. The tall and straight water inlet stands on the south bank of the Yellow River, two water inlets have been blocked, and washing experiments are being carried out in the tunnel crossing the Yellow River. Soon, the water from the south will cross the Yellow River and go to the south.

The tunnel crossing the Yellow River starts from Gubaidu, Wangcun Town, Xingyang, on the south bank of the Yellow River and ends at wen county, Jiaozuo, Henan, on the north bank of the Yellow River. "The reason why I chose to dig a tunnel here is because this section is the narrowest place across the Yellow River in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project." Li Wenzhe of Zhengjiao Project Department told the reporter.

The Yellow River crossing project officially started on September 27th, 2005. On the north bank of the Yellow River, in the west of Chengou Village, Zhaobao Town, Wenxian County, Jiaozuo City, engineers first excavated two shafts with a diameter of 18m and a depth of 76m, and then placed shield machines in the two shafts to advance the excavation of the Yellow River tunnel from north to south.

"To get through the two tunnels at the bottom of the river, we must first drill two vertical shafts on both sides of the Yellow River, so as to put in the mud-water balance shield machine specially drilled at the bottom of the river." Li Wenzhe said that the shaft construction is quite difficult, especially the two shafts on the north bank, with a depth of 76.6 meters, which is a great feat at home and abroad.

The yellow river crossing project is known as the "throat project" of the middle route project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. There are two tunnels, each of which is 4250 meters long, of which the tunnel crossing the Yellow River is 3450 meters long and Mangshan Tunnel is 800 meters long. The maximum burial depth of the bottom of the Yellow River is 35 meters and the minimum burial depth is 23 meters.

Question 8: The reason why the South-to-North Water Transfer Project takes water from the bed of the Yellow River is because the water in the Yellow River is too turbid to be used.

It is controversial whether the main canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project crosses the Yellow River by means of overhead aqueduct or tunneling at the bottom of the river. In contrast, the tunnel under the river can be protected from adverse factors such as temperature, freezing and strong wind, with good durability and relatively simple maintenance.

The maximum buried depth of the tunnel crossing the Yellow River is 35 meters at the bottom of the Yellow River. How to ensure the tunnel to bear water pressure is a technical problem that has no precedent in domestic water conservancy projects and is difficult to learn from in international water conservancy projects.

"To start work, you must first' go down to the ground'. The construction unit first digs a construction shaft on the bank of the Yellow River, transports the shield machine into the construction passage, assembles it underground, and excavates the tunnel. It is understood that the tunnel crossing the Yellow River is the first tunnel crossing the Yellow River in China, and the thickness and depth of the underground diaphragm wall of the project are the highest in China at present. In addition, the construction has set a new record for the long-distance soft soil construction of underwater tunnels in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.