Dingdang chemical knowledge fast memory formula

There is a lot of knowledge about chemistry. Die? Yes, so we need to memorize these knowledge points. Below, I have arranged some clever chemical rhymes for you, hoping to help you.

Learn the jingle 1 in chemistry skillfully. In order to remember the structure of the periodic table of elements, there is such a jingle:

Eighteen vertical and seven horizontal, 1 14 tables contain seven subjects, seven pairs, zero and eight, three short and three long imperfections.

2. In the periodic law of elements, the relationship between parity of principal price of elements and parity of ordinal number: "Odd price is odd, even price is even" can be recorded as homophonic: marry a chicken (odd) and marry a dog (even).

3. The formula for shortening the carbon chain of isomers is written as follows: the main chain is from long to short, the branches are scattered, and the position is from the center to the side, arranged between neighbors.

4, the top 10 element in the earth's crust: formula: raise a prostitute and stick a pot cover, which one has no food? (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen and titanium)

5. Solubility formula: potassium sodium ammonium nitrate is soluble, mercury is removed by hydrochloric acid, barium and lead are insoluble by sulfuric acid, and carbonic acid is mostly insoluble. The soluble bases are only potassium sodium and barium ammonia.

6. Common valence formulas in junior high schools: univalent potassium sodium silver hydrogen chloride, bivalent calcium oxide barium magnesium zinc, trivalent aluminum silicon pentavalent phosphorus, bivalent copper mercury, bivalent iron, bivalent carbon and bivalent sulfur, and trivalent nitrogen.

7. Basic operation of chemical experiment: the solid needs a spoon or paper slot, then it is labeled by hand and dumped. The reading should be flat with the section, with the head down low and the head down high.

The test paper should be cut down first, and the glass rod is immersed in liquid for the best test effect. When measuring gas, wet the test paper first, and then stick it on a stick, facing the gas.

Two-thirds of the external combustion heating of wine lamps is the limit. Sulfuric acid is stirred in water and injected slowly to prevent boiling and splashing.

In the experiment, the air tightness is checked first, and the cups and bottles are heated through the net. After drainage and gas collection, remove the conduit first, and then move the lamp.

8, neutralization titration water scrubber cutting clear, leak detection and catch gas and then return to zero. Add reagent to the liquid to be tested, and the left hand controls the right hand to move. Look at the color of the paper under the bottle, and the reading should be flat with the cut surface. Phenolphthalein indicator is common, strong acid and weak base methyl orange.

Use an acid burette. If there is no lye, remember to clean it.

9. Naming of alkanes The longest carbon chain is called an alkane, numbered near the branch chain. Simple in-phase merger, in which a short line is drawn.

10, storage of common chemicals, iodine nitrate and silver nitrate, low-temperature dark brown bottle. Liquid ammonium bromide is volatile and should be sealed when stored in a cool place.

White phosphorus should be stored in cold water, potassium, sodium, calcium and barium kerosene. The alkali bottle needs a rubber stopper and plastic lead to store hydrogen fluoride.

Deteriorating drugs are short-lived, flammable and explosive, so avoid fire sources. In the laboratory, desiccant and wax seal are safe.

Remember the commonly used chemical mantra 1 skillfully, the preparation and calculation of the substance concentration solution, the steps of weighing and taking are clear, and the volume will be determined after dissolution and transfer. Don't forget to clean at room temperature and shake the label well.

2. Important experimental phenomena: hydrogen turns white in chlorine, and phosphorus smokes in chlorine. Methane, hydrogen and chlorine are mixed, and strong light irradiation is too dangerous.

Magnesium in carbon dioxide burns, and two acids emit white smoke when they meet ammonia. The thermal image of ammonium chloride sublimates and iodine turns blue when it meets starch.

Sulfur, hydrogen, methane, oxygen and carbon burn into a blue flame. Copper wire extends into sulfur gas, and sulfur and iron mix to heat black matter.

When hot copper and hot iron meet chlorine, the color of smoke is similar to brown.

3. Electrolytic inert materials are used as electrodes, and direct current is applied to both poles. Oxyacid, soluble alkali, active metal oxyacid salt, electrolysis is electrolysis of water. Anaerobic acid electrolysis decomposes itself, ph value increases and concentration decreases. The oxygen-free salt of the active metal is electrolyzed to obtain the corresponding alkali. Inactive metals are oxygen-free salts, and salt-forming elements can be seen at both poles; Oxygen-containing salts of inert metals are electrolyzed to obtain the corresponding acids.

Non-inert materials are used as electrodes because of electrolysis and refining; The plated metal is used as a cathode, and the plated metal is connected with an anode;

Yang is coarse and yin is fine, and the electrolyte contains corresponding salts. Electrolysis has the same points, anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction.

4. The main valence state of the common element Fuwan iodine is negative; Silver monohydride and potassium sodium. Remember the negative two of oxygen first; Magnesium, calcium, barium and zinc were positive. Positive three is aluminum positive silicon; Let's change the price again. All metals are positive electrodes; One, two, copper, two, three iron. Manganese is 24 and 67; Remember the second and fourth carbons. Non-metallic negative body is uneven; Chlorine is negative, positive and 157. Nitrogen and phosphorus are negative three and positive five; Different phosphorus, three nitrogen, two four. Sulfur has negative two plus four six; Remember, it's cooked after use.

5, common root formula monovalent ammonium nitrate; Hydrohalide hydroxide. Permanganate chlorate; Perchlorate acetate. Bivalent sulfate carbonate; Manganese bisulfate. Temporarily record ammonium as positive; Negative number three has phosphate.

6. From the beginning to the end, the operation steps have their own positions. The generator is located at the head, followed by the washing device. The impurity removal device is divided into dry and wet, the drying device keeps moisture, and the gas collection should be divided into gas and water. Natural experiments are carried out in turn, and toxic gases must be eliminated and getters must be selected correctly. Sometimes there are several devices, and the basic sequence cannot be lost. Occasionally there are small changes, carefully find the relative position.

7, chemical calculation formula to balance, must be a scalar generation equation, the unit should be unified, the left and right multiples should be equal. If the mass unit is grams and the standard temperature and pressure gas corresponds to liters, if two known quantities are encountered, it should be considered insufficient. Content loss and output, multiplication and division should be distinguished.

8. Characteristics of burning in oxygen: embers in oxygen can synthesize alkene, phosphorus burns to emit white smoke, iron alkene emits Mars, and sulfur blue-violet light is really brilliant. Characteristics of burning in chlorine gas: the smoke of phosphorus burning chlorine gas is foggy, the smoke of copper burning is brown, the flame of hydrogen burning is pale, and sodium burning produces hoarfrost violently.

9. Neutralization titration: control alkali with the left hand and shake the bottle with the right hand. Keep your eyes on the solution and stop discoloration immediately. Dry gas: acid dry acid, alkali dry alkali, oxidation can not be dry reduction, neutral desiccant, widely used, just do not react, dry. Gas collection: water exhaust method, depending on density, insoluble and slightly soluble drainage method, high gas purity.

I am hydrogen, I am the lightest, and rockets rely on me to transport satellites;

I am helium, I am a rogue, and I have the worst gain and loss of electrons;

I am lithium, with low density, which bubbles when it meets water and acid;

I am beryllium, cheating, although metal is difficult to ionize;

I am boron, a little red, and poor in electronics;

I am carbon, slow to react, and can form a chain into a ring;

I am nitrogen, I am a flame retardant, and hydrogenation can synthesize ammonia;

I am oxygen, don't think about it, I will be flustered when I leave;

I am fluorine, the most vicious, and it is enough to catch an electron;

I am neon, not bad. When I was electrified, the red light was released.

I am sodium, with a big temper, and I get angry when I meet acid and water;

I am magnesium, I love beauty most, and my photography and fireworks are brilliant;

I'm Al. I bathe in concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature.

I am silicon, black ash, and information components pile me up;

I am phosphorus, a pest, and my name is on the poison list;

I am sulfur, and I have been good at precipitating metals for a long time.

I am chlorine, yellow-green, and I rob metal electrons;

I am argon, which has poor activity and emits neon purple light;

I am potassium, and when I add fire, superoxide will charge;

I am calcium, body love, bones and teeth;

I'm titanium. I'll cover the space shuttle.

I am chromium, hexachrome, and alcohol turns green;

I am manganese, with many valence states, and seven oxides explode violently;

I am iron, which is widely used. Stainless steel calls me Ye.

I am copper, purple in color and brown in nitric acid gas;

I am arsenic, with deep color, and trivalent elements take away your soul;

I am bromine, volatile smell, liquid non-gold, I will show it;

I am rubidium, an alkali metal, not as good as potassium in water and fireworks;

I am iodine, sublimation smoke, and I meet starch blue spots;

I am cesium, golden yellow, and the water container is broken;

I am tungsten, the temperature is high, and other metals die early;

I am Kim, very stable, and I am invisible when I throw it at the king;

I am mercury, highly toxic, and liquid metal is my only one;

I am uranium. After enrichment, I am best at building atomic bombs.

I am gallium, with high boiling point, easy to melt and difficult to evaporate;

I am indium, soft as gold, so be careful if there is any radiation;

I am thallium, I can lose my hair, and I am famous for poisoning Tsinghua.

I am germanium, but the lattice and infrared window can be used as the shell;

I am selenium, which supplements the human body, and oral liquid has mystery;

I am lead, I can store electricity, and I also appear in bullets.

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