Brief article on "Chang 'e I"

To run this kind of handwritten newspaper, we should go straight to the point in simple terms and then introduce the general situation. The language should be refined, the theme should be clear, the length should not be too long, and the layout should be neat. The information I provided is as follows:

1, in general:

Chang 'e-1 is a cube with two solar panels on each side, with a maximum span of 18.438+0m, a weight of 2350kg and a working life of one year. It will run in a circular polar orbit 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon.

The satellite platform consists of nine subsystems: structural subsystem, thermal control subsystem, guidance, navigation and control subsystem, propulsion subsystem, data management subsystem, measurement and control data transmission subsystem, directional antenna subsystem and payload. These subsystems perform their respective duties and work together to ensure the smooth completion of the lunar exploration mission. The payload on the satellite is used to complete the scientific exploration and test of the moon, and other subsystems provide support, control, instruction and management services for the normal work of the payload.

According to the four scientific objectives of China's lunar exploration satellite project, Chang 'e-1 carried eight kinds of 24 scientific detection instruments weighing 130 kg, namely microwave detector system, gamma spectrometer, X-ray spectrometer, laser altimeter, solar high-energy particle detector, solar wind ion detector, CCD stereo camera and interference imaging spectrometer.

According to aerospace experts, the test of electric satellites is mainly used for the comprehensive test of some equipment with electronic performance, and the test of structural satellites is mainly to assess the rationality of structural design and the rationality of temperature control design of the whole satellite. At present, the structural manufacturing of these two prototypes has been completed, and the whole satellite test will be started before the end of the year. On this basis, the prototype satellite of Chang 'e-1 will be developed. According to reports, the whole initial sample testing stage will last until June 2007, and then it will enter the development stage of satellite-like stars.

In order to ensure the completion of the lunar exploration project, researchers designed 4 1 item reliability for the Changsanjia rocket undertaking the satellite launch mission to improve its carrying reliability.

Chang 'e-1 is China's first artificial satellite orbiting the moon. Named after China's ancient mythical figure Chang 'e, it was launched in xichang satellite launch center at about 18: 05 (UTC+8: 00) on October 24, 2007, and the whole process of "flying to the moon" took about 8-9 days. It is estimated that the total weight of the satellite is about 2350kg and its service life is more than 1 year. The main detection objectives of the satellite are: to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface; Analyze the content of useful elements on the surface of the moon and the distribution characteristics of material types; Detect the thickness of lunar soil and the space environment from the earth to the moon.

2. Technical difficulties

(1) Orbit design and flight program control

(2) Three-vector control problem of satellite attitude control.

(3) Satellite environmental adaptability design

(4) Remote measurement and control and communication.

Chang 'e-1 satellite was developed by China Academy of Space Technology. It is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyze the distribution characteristics of related material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of lunar soil and detect the space environment of the earth and the moon. Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite consists of a satellite platform and a payload. The satellite platform was developed with the technology of Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform, and the researchers made adaptive modifications to eight subsystems, including structure, propulsion, power supply, measurement and control, and data transmission. Payload includes CCD stereo camera, imaging spectrometer, solar cosmic rays monitor, low-energy particle detector and other scientific detection instruments.

Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite was launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket in xichang satellite launch center in June 2007. After the satellite is launched, it takes 8 to 9 days to complete the phase modulation orbit, the earth-moon transfer orbit and the orbit around the moon, and carry out scientific exploration tasks. It will complete four scientific tasks, the primary purpose of which is to "portrait" the moon, that is, to obtain images and three-dimensional images of the moon surface through various means. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the surface of the moon, and detect the thickness of lunar soil and the space environment of the earth and the moon.

According to experts, Chang 'e-1 satellite is two meters square. When the solar wing is deployed, it can reach18m at the longest, and its takeoff weight is 2350kg. It takes 10- 12 days for a satellite to fly near the moon. The design life of Chang 'e-1 is one year, and it will not return to Earth after completing its mission.

prepare

The lunar exploration program has been brewing for 10 years.

As early as 1994,

1996, research on technical scheme of lunar exploration satellite.

1998 to complete the research on key satellite technologies, and carry out further demonstration in the later stage.

test

The payload prototype system of Chang 'e-1, the first satellite of China's lunar exploration program, is undergoing the final joint test to ensure the normal work of scientific exploration equipment in space in the future.

The development and testing of the payload of Chang 'e-1 satellite is the responsibility of the Space Science and Applied Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In an interview with 16 on June 6, Wu Ji, chief commander of the payload and director of the space science and application research center, said: "In the final stage of the joint test of the payload prototype system, all developers should continue to maintain a rigorous and meticulous working attitude and complete the joint test of the prototype according to the quality requirements to ensure the smooth delivery of the payload equipment and the successful completion of the engineering task."

The satellite payload varies with different space missions. At present, it is mainly instruments for scientific exploration and equipment for scientific experiments. The payload of Chang 'e-1 satellite will include microwave detector subsystem, space environment detection subsystem and payload data management subsystem.

It is understood that the microwave detector subsystem will mainly estimate and evaluate the thickness of lunar soil, which is the first time in the world to detect the lunar surface by passive microwave remote sensing. The space environment detection subsystem consists of three devices, such as solar high-energy particle detector, which will detect the space environment parameters of the earth, the moon and the near moon.

Chang 'e-1 was launched in 2007, followed by a year of lunar exploration.

After long-term preparation and demonstration in 10, the lunar exploration project in China was formally established in 1 month in 2004, which was called "Chang 'e Project" in history. At present, the project mainly carries out lunar exploration, three-dimensional image analysis of the moon, global content and distribution survey of useful elements and material types of the moon, lunar soil thickness detection and space environment detection of the earth and the moon.

launch

Chang 'e-1 satellite will be put into geosynchronous elliptical orbit after launch, with the shortest distance of 200 kilometers from the ground and the longest distance of 5 1000 kilometers. The lunar exploration satellite will orbit this orbit for 1.6 hours, and then enter a larger elliptical orbit by accelerating, with the shortest distance from the ground of 500 kilometers and the longest distance of 1.28 million kilometers. Since then, the exploration satellite has been accelerating and began to "rush" to the moon. After about 1 14 hours of flight, when it is about to reach the moon, it will slow down by controlling the rocket's reverse booster. After being "captured" by the gravity of the moon, it became a satellite orbiting the moon, and finally flew around the moon in the polar lunar orbit at a height of 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon, and carried out work such as shooting three-dimensional images.

The total time for the satellite to fly to the moon is 1 14 hours, which is close to 384,400 kilometers from the earth. In the past, the satellites launched by China were generally about 35,800 kilometers above the ground, which was almost 10 times.

meaning

On 24th 18: 29, after the satellite was successfully separated from the arrow, Chang 'e-1 satellite entered the super-geosynchronous orbit with perigee of 205km and apogee of 50930km and period of 16h. After the satellite "runs" in this orbit for one and a half times, it is expected to make the first orbit change on the afternoon of the 25th. After the orbit change, the perigee of the satellite orbit will be increased to about 600 kilometers from the earth. After the satellite is separated from the launch vehicle, it needs four orbital changes to gradually accelerate to the entrance speed of the earth-moon transfer orbit. It takes only a few minutes for each perigee acceleration, and it is necessary to send instructions to the satellite in a short time. The satellite engine must respond accurately, otherwise the satellite may fly in other directions.

location

On 25th 17: 55, Beijing Aerospace Control Center successfully implemented the first orbit transfer control for Chang 'e-1 satellite. This orbit change was carried out when the satellite was running to apogee, and the next three orbit changes were all carried out at perigee. Why did you choose apogee for the first orbit change?

Jaco, from Beijing Institute of Tracking Communication Technology, is the chief designer of TT&C system of lunar exploration project, and participated in the overall design of TT&C communication scheme of Chang 'e-1 satellite. He said that when satellites are in orbit change control, they are usually carried out at perigee and apogee, which can save the fuel carried on satellites to the greatest extent. The first orbit change of Chang 'e-1 satellite was carried out at apogee, in order to improve the orbit height of perigee.

"Only by changing the orbit at apogee can we improve the orbit height at perigee," Jaco said. "Similarly, to change the altitude at apogee, we must implement orbit change at perigee. After we raise the perigee altitude of the satellite for the first orbit change, it will increase the tracking time of the survey ship arranged near perigee, which is conducive to monitoring the orbit change process. Because the higher the satellite is from the ground, the longer the tracking control time of the monitoring station and the ship will be, which will lay a solid foundation for the three perigee orbits to be carried out in the future. "

Jaco said that according to the measurement and control plan, Chang 'e-1 satellite will undergo its first perigee orbit change on June 26, 65438. After the orbit change, the satellite will enter the orbit with an apogee of 7 1400 km, with a period of 24 hours. After the second perigee orbit change, the satellite will enter an orbit around the earth with an apogee of 12 1700 km and a period of 48 hours. In the third perigee orbit change, the satellite will enter the earth-moon transfer orbit and embark on a five-day trip to the moon.

According to the first law of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion: all planets have elliptical orbits, and the sun is located at a focal point of the ellipse. In polar coordinates with the sun S as the pole and the perihelion direction SP as the polar axis, the trajectory of the planet relative to the sun is an ellipse PP 1P2P' 1P', and PSP'=2a represents the long diameter of the ellipse. This law also applies to satellite systems. Since it is an elliptical orbit, of course, there are places closest and farthest from the earth. So the farthest flying object in elliptical orbit (from the earth) is apogee, and the nearest is perigee.

Away from the earth

After the launch, the Chang 'e-1 satellite will go around the earth five times in five days. The first stage is three turns, each turn 16 hours, the second stage is one turn in 24 hours, and the third stage is one turn in 48 hours.

A day or so after the rocket put the satellite into orbit, the command was injected into the ground to ignite the main engine of the satellite to change orbit, and the near field was raised to about 600 kilometers, so that the speed of the satellite was relatively reduced when it passed above the measurement and control station, which was convenient for subsequent control. The second, third and fourth ignitions are used to change the orbit and make the satellite accelerate continuously: the purpose of these three orbital changes is to accelerate. Every time the orbit is changed, the speed of the satellite will increase a little. After three times of accumulation, the satellite will accelerate to the minimum speed above10.965,438+06 km/s to enter the earth-moon transfer orbit and fly to the moon.

Ten joint points

At 65438+1October 24th 18: 05, Chang 'e-1 satellite was successfully launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket in Xichang, which is known as the hometown of the moon's daughter, and "Chang 'e" began its journey to the moon.

In the long journey of Chang 'e-1 satellite flying to the moon 380 thousand kilometers away, a series of highly complex and high-risk actions are needed.

"If the key link from satellite launch to final data analysis can be successfully completed, then China's first lunar exploration will be a complete success." Luan Enjie, commander-in-chief of China's lunar exploration project, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency.

So, what does this 10 joint point mean?

Joint point one: launch

It was the Long March 3A carrier rocket known as the "Golden Rocket" that sent Chang 'e-1 satellite into space.

Throughout the history of human exploration of the moon, in the exploration activities of the United States and the Soviet Union in the 20th century, the failure of exploration caused by the failure of launch vehicles accounted for a large proportion. Therefore, the high reliability of launch vehicle is a necessary prerequisite to ensure the success of lunar exploration.

This launch is the15th launch of the Long March 3A carrier rocket. So far, the launch success rate of this type of rocket is 100%. Previously, the Long March 3A carrier rocket and the widely used Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform had been "married" many times, and each time it was a complete success. It is more appropriate to use such a "Hercules" to hold up the Chang 'e-1 satellite developed on the platform of Dongfanghong-3 satellite.

Of the three existing space launch sites in China, only xichang satellite launch center has the ability to launch the Long March 3 A-class high-thrust rocket, and it is an ideal place to launch various geosynchronous orbit satellites with low latitude, high altitude, pleasant climate and convenient transportation.

Junction 2: Enter orbit

Whether the satellite can enter the scheduled orbit accurately is an important symbol to judge whether the launch is successful or not.

When the Chang 'e-1 satellite was launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket, it was first ignited by the first stage, the second stage and the third stage, and then the satellite was put into low-earth orbit, and then glided for a period of time.

1249 seconds after the rocket took off, the third stage rocket ignited for the second time; 1373 seconds, the secondary ignition engine of the three-stage rocket is turned off. 1473 seconds, star and arrow separated successfully. Chang 'e-1 satellite entered a large elliptical orbit with a perigee of about 200 kilometers, an apogee of about 5 1000 kilometers and an operating time of 16 hours, and became a satellite orbiting the earth.

Joint point three: orbit change

After the Chang 'e-1 satellite 16 hours flew once and a half in orbit, 10/0/on the afternoon of October 25th, the command was injected into the ground, and the attitude adjustment engine on the satellite began to ignite. About 4 minutes later, the main engine with thrust of 490 Newton ignited and changed orbit, raising the perigee of the satellite orbit to about 600 kilometers from the earth.

On the afternoon of October 26th, 65438/kloc-0, when the satellite reached perigee again, the main engine of the satellite was turned on again, and the huge thrust made the satellite rise to the 24-hour orbit.

After three rounds of 24-hour orbit, the main engine on the satellite was ignited for the third time, and the second perigee orbit change was implemented, and Chang 'e-1 satellite entered the 48-hour orbit. This moment happened around1October 29th 10.

These orbit changes are to accelerate the satellite through the engine on the satellite. Theoretically, it is possible to realize a orbital transfer, but in order to make full use of fuel and facilitate ground control, scientists gradually decompose the orbital transfer.

Joint point 4: Run to the moon

Chang 'e-1 satellite will officially fly to the moon after seven days of "preheating" in three elliptical orbits.

On June 365438+1October 3 1, when the satellite reached perigee again, the main engine was turned on, and the satellite speed increased to above 10.95438+06 km/s in just a few minutes, and it entered the earth-moon transfer orbit, and the earth's overflight over the moon really began.

There are three advantages for Chang 'e-1 satellite to fly to the moon in this way: first, it can ensure that the gravity loss is controlled below 5%; Secondly, multiple perigee maneuvers are arranged in the same area, which is beneficial to ground monitoring; Third, a 24-hour orbit can be arranged, which can easily solve the problem of delayed launch date.

Joint point five: correction

It takes about 1 14 hours for Chang 'e-1 satellite to transfer its orbit from the earth to the moon.

In the history of human lunar exploration activities, there have been many accidents in which the detector failed to capture the moon and got lost among the stars, mostly due to the inaccurate attitude and speed control of the satellite during flight. If the speed error of the perigee of the Earth-Moon transfer orbit is 1m/s or the altitude error is 1km, the position error of several Qian Qian meters will occur during the recent moon flight.

During the high-speed flight, Chang 'e-1 satellite must change its orbit halfway under the command of the ground. Generally speaking, it needs to be revised at least twice, the first time within one day of entering the earth-moon transfer orbit and the second time within one day before reaching the moon. These instructions were issued by the Space Flight Control Center in Beijing.

Connection point 6: Braking

165438+1around October 5, when Chang' e-1 satellite reaches a position 200 kilometers away from the moon, it needs to slow down and brake, that is, "brake". Only in this way can it be captured by the gravity of the moon and become a satellite flying around the moon.

This is an important step in flying around the moon: if the "brake" is late, the satellite will hit the moon; If you "brake" early, you will float into space. The success of "braking" depends on whether the position and velocity vector of the satellite at that time are correct. After repeated checks and calculations, scientists in China have broken through this technical problem.

Joint point seven: around the moon

The first braking of Chang 'e-1 satellite in recent months will be transferred from the earth-moon orbit to the 12-hour lunar orbit at1125. From this moment on, Chang 'e-1 satellite became a real moon-orbiting satellite.

165438+1around October 6, the Chang' e-1 satellite braked for the second time in recent months, and its speed was further reduced. The satellite entered a 3.5-hour orbit and ran in this orbit seven times.

165438+1around October 7, Chang' e-1 satellite braked for the third time in recent months and entered the polar orbit of the moon 127 minutes. This is the working orbit of the satellite flying around the moon. This orbit is circular, 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon.

At this time, Chang 'e-1 satellite will send back 30 songs voted by the public to the ground.

Joint point eight: detection

After the establishment of the lunar orbit, the "eight weapons" carried by Chang 'e-1 satellite will begin to show their talents and carry out intense and busy work to complete the four scientific goals.

If nothing goes wrong, the CCD stereo camera carried by the satellite can send back the first photo of the moon at the end of 1 1, which is an important symbol of the success of circling the moon.

Interference imaging spectrometer, laser altimeter and CCD stereo camera will complete the first scientific goal, that is, to obtain three-dimensional images of the moon surface; Gamma-ray spectrometer and X-ray spectrometer will work together to analyze the content and distribution of useful elements and substance types on the surface of the moon.

The microwave detector, which is first applied to lunar exploration, will detect the thickness of lunar soil and the amount of helium -3 resources; The space environment detection system consisting of solar high-energy particle detector and solar wind ion detector will detect the "Earth-Moon" space environment within the range of 40,000 to 400,000 kilometers by continuously capturing protons, electrons and ions.

Joint 9: Transmission

According to the popular saying of scientists, I bought a "one-way ticket" for Chang 'e this time. Then, how can the Chang 'e-1 satellite, which is gone forever, transmit the detection data back to Earth from 380,000 kilometers away?

There are two transmitting antennas carried by Chang 'e-1 satellite: one is a directional antenna, which always faces the receiving antenna on the earth; One is an omni-directional antenna, that is, an antenna with no fixed direction.

The huge spatial attenuation and time delay greatly increase the technical difficulty of receiving lunar exploration data on the ground. For this purpose, the ground application system specially built two large-aperture antennas called radio telescopes: one in Miyun, Beijing, with an antenna aperture of 50 meters; One is in Kunming, Yunnan, with a diameter of 40 meters.

Two large-aperture antennas, like a pair of huge eyes, always watch every move of Chang 'e-1 satellite and collect all the information transmitted by the satellite.

Connection point 10: research

The data obtained by Chang 'e-1 satellite through numerous difficulties and obstacles is very precious. Whether we can make full use of these data will determine the value of lunar exploration activities.

The data transmitted to the ground will be sent to the ground application system headquarters in Beijing for preprocessing. The ground application system will organize more scientists and technicians to further study and process the preprocessed data and get the latest research results or scientific discoveries.

The National Space Administration announced that many data obtained by Chang 'e-1 satellite will be completely made public for scientists all over the world to study and share. Chang 'e, a native of China, will make his own contribution to the space industry of mankind.

Reactions from all walks of life

Although it was 48 years, 9 months and 22 days later than the world's first lunar exploration satellite-"Moon 1" of the former Soviet Union, the lunar exploration project that opened a new chapter in China's space deep space exploration era still received extensive attention from the international community. After the launch of the "Chang 'e-1" lunar exploration satellite, foreign media immediately commented on it.

AP: China took the first step on the moon.

After xichang satellite launch center announced the successful separation of the satellite from the rocket, the Associated Press immediately released the report "China successfully launched a lunar exploration satellite": "China successfully launched the first lunar exploration satellite, taking the first step of the ambitious 10 year plan, that is, sending the lander to the moon and returning to Earth. China's national television broadcast the picture of the rocket taking off ... "

Reuters: "Chang 'e" prepares for the moon landing plan.

British Reuters published a commentary on 24th, saying that with space dream, scientific and technological progress and patriotic enthusiasm, China launched the first lunar exploration satellite-"Chang 'e-1". The article said that the "Chang 'e-1" project around the moon was the first space exploration activity in China, which was to prepare for the lunar rover in 20 10 and the subsequent moon landing plan.

AFP: It marks the promotion of China's global status.

Agence France-Presse published an article on the 24th, saying that China's first launch of a lunar exploration satellite marked the promotion of China's global status. Rene Ostlinke, a spokesperson for the European Space Agency, said that the lunar exploration competition is gradually unfolding, and the United States is also preparing to revive its lunar exploration program with the goal of establishing a permanent lunar base for Mars exploration.

Vietnam News Agency: A Milestone in the History of China's Space Exploration

The Vietnamese News Agency published an article on the 24th, saying: "China has taken the first step of a three-stage lunar exploration program, which is a new milestone in the history of China's space exploration ..."

Chosun Ilbo: Realizing the Millennium Dream of South Korean People

On 24th, Wu Tai Jin, chief commentator of Chosun Ilbo, wrote with the title "Chang 'e-1 Realizing China's Millennium Dream": "China launches a lunar exploration satellite to realize the Millennium dream, and the whole country is boiling for it. And we can only watch quietly. "

Indian army commanders meet to study China's lunar exploration.

65438+1From 23 to 28 October, the Indian Army and Navy held a joint commander meeting in New Delhi. The meeting coincided with the launch of China's "Chang 'e-1" lunar exploration satellite. Therefore, China's lunar exploration project and the overall strength of space have become hot topics for these senior generals, further inspiring the Indian armed forces' enthusiasm for building a "heavenly army".

According to The Times of India 10/0/23 October, following the announcement of the establishment of the Space Command by the Indian Air Force last year, the Indian Army and Navy also took advantage of this year's Commander's Meeting to launch their own "heavenly armies" and set up "space teams" at their respective headquarters.

A senior officer of the Indian army revealed that at present, the Indian army, navy and air force are actively discussing the tactics, tactics and strategic applications of space, because the decision-makers of the Indian armed forces all believe that without "space resources", there is no need to fight future wars, because "modern military has a serious dependence on various technologies and systems in space."

What makes the Indian armed forces feel very urgent is that the space experiment conducted by China in June+10 this year was like a bolt from the blue for India, and the lunar exploration project was ahead of India. In contrast, India has no long-term specific plan for space, so the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces feels "urgent".

The Indian Ministry of National Defense recently threw out the "2020 National Defense Space Outlook". This strategic guidance document emphasizes that by 20 12 years ago, the Indian military will devote itself to developing space intelligence, reconnaissance, detection, communication and navigation. In order to achieve this goal, India will complete more than 1000 related scientific research projects and launch several military spy satellites. Even if the above goals are achieved, India is far from achieving the goals of timely military communication, reconnaissance information transmission, missile early warning, accurate bomb satellite signal guidance, and interference with enemy networks.

China's lunar exploration program.

Three stages

Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's lunar exploration project and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that Chang 'e-1 is the farthest satellite launched by China, with an average distance of 380,000 kilometers from the Earth. Prior to this, the farthest satellite launched by China was 40,000 kilometers above the ground.

After 10 years of brewing, it was finally determined that the whole lunar exploration project in China was divided into three stages: "around", "down" and "back"

1) The first phase of the lunar circumnavigation project will launch the lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1" in 2007 to detect the lunar surface environment, topography, landforms, geological structures and physical fields.

2) The second phase of the project is planned from 2007 to 20 10, with the goal of developing and launching spacecraft and landing on the moon in a soft landing mode for exploration. The specific scheme is to use patrol cars and automatic robots that landed safely on the lunar surface to detect the composition of rocks and minerals in the landing area, measure the heat flow and surrounding environment at the landing site, and conduct high-resolution photography, on-site detection or sampling analysis of lunar rocks, so as to provide chemical and physical parameters of the lunar surface for future lunar base site selection.

3) The third phase of the project is planned to be 20 1 1 until 2020, with the goal of lunar patrol and sampling return. In the early stage, we mainly developed and launched a new soft landing lunar patrol car to patrol the landing area. Later, after 20 15, a small sampling return cabin, a lunar rock drill, a lunar sampler and a robotic manipulator were developed and launched. The key samples were collected and returned to the earth to investigate the landing zone, providing data for the next manned lunar exploration and the establishment of the lunar outpost. The completion of this project will take China's space technology to a new level.

target

The lunar exploration project will accomplish the following four scientific objectives:

1. Obtain the three-dimensional image of the lunar surface, finely divide the basic structure and geomorphic units of the lunar surface, and study the shape, size, distribution and density of impact craters on the lunar surface, providing basic data for the age division and early evolution history research of terrestrial planets, and providing basic data for the site selection of the lunar soft landing area and the site selection optimization of the lunar base.

2. Analyze the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, mainly investigate the content and distribution of titanium, iron and other 14 elements with development and utilization value on the lunar surface, draw the full-moon distribution map of each element, the thematic map of lunar rocks, minerals and geology, find the rich areas of each element on the lunar surface, and evaluate the development and utilization prospect of lunar mineral resources.

3. Detecting lunar soil thickness, that is, using microwave radiation technology to obtain lunar soil thickness data, so as to obtain the age and distribution of the lunar surface, and on this basis, estimate the content, resource distribution and resource amount of helium -3 as fuel for nuclear fusion power generation.

4. Explore the space environment from the Earth to the Moon. The average distance between the moon and the earth is 380 thousand kilometers, which is located in the far magnetic tail region of the earth's magnetic field space. In this area, satellites can detect high-energy particles of solar cosmic rays and solar wind plasma, and study the interaction between solar wind and the moon, as well as the earth's magnetic field and the moon's magnetic tail.

Luan Enjie, deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, director of the National Space Administration and commander-in-chief of the lunar exploration project,

The lunar exploration engineering system consists of five systems: lunar exploration satellite, launch vehicle, launch site, measurement and control and ground application, and will achieve the following five engineering objectives:

1) to develop and launch China's first lunar exploration satellite;

2) Master the basic technology of lunar exploration;

3) The first scientific exploration of the moon;

4) Preliminary construction of lunar exploration aerospace engineering system;

5) Accumulate experience for the follow-up lunar exploration project.

related data

Carry a song

"Chang 'e I" will carry 3 1 song. After the successful launch, you can receive the songs on the satellite through TV and radio.

The lunar exploration project is the first stage of lunar exploration in China, that is, the development and launch of the first lunar exploration satellite. The star will orbit the moon and send the detected data back to the ground. The project consists of five systems: lunar exploration satellite, launch vehicle, launch site, measurement and control and ground application. It has been determined that the lunar exploration satellite mainly uses the platform of Dongfanghong III, the launch vehicle uses the Long March 3A rocket, the launch site uses the xichang satellite launch center, the detection system uses the existing TT&C network, and the ground application system is developed by Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The specific scheme is that the "Long March 3A" rocket takes off from Xichang Launch Center, and sends the "Chang 'e-1" satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit to realize the separation of the star and the arrow. Finally, the satellite enters a circular orbit around the north and south poles of the moon to detect the moon. The height of the orbit from the surface of the moon is 200 kilometers.

Respondent: 4658 130

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