What are the radiological examinations?

Question 1: What are the (1) CT scans of common radiological examinations? At least one of the 80 people who have undergone CT scanning may have cancer. CT whole-body scanning will increase the risk of radiation-induced cancer by about 8%. CT scan is easy to cause fetal hydrocephalus, head malformation or hematopoietic system defects, skull defects and other serious consequences, so try not to do this examination in the first trimester.

(2) x-ray chest film. All tissues, organs and cells irradiated by X-rays will be damaged to a certain extent, and may not attack at that time, but X-ray irradiation can accumulate in the body. Its main harm is that it has certain lethality to white blood cells in human blood components, which reduces the number of white blood cells in human blood, and then leads to the decline of immune function of the body, which is easy for germs to invade the body and cause diseases. Pregnant women and fetuses are extremely sensitive to X-rays, so such examinations should be avoided as much as possible.

(3) Chest X-ray. Pregnant mothers should try to avoid chest X-rays, especially in the first three months of pregnancy. Chest radiation can cause genetic variation, degeneration and even death of human cells. Don't think that there is nothing wrong with the irradiation at that time, don't take it to heart, and then regret it after the fetal abortion or deformity. In short, for prospective parents with family planning, try to avoid radioactive examination during pregnancy, so as not to cause irreparable situation.

Question 2: What are the precautions for radiographic inspection? First, all foreign objects in the shooting area should be removed.

For example, when doing chest X-ray examination, you should take off your clothes (including underwear and bra), necklaces, Yu Pei and other ornaments, including plasters attached to your body, to prevent the artifacts formed by foreign bodies from interfering with the image examination results. Because the metal foreign body will not only seriously affect the imaging results, but also burn the patient's skin due to the heat generated by the metal foreign body when doing ct or magnetic resonance examination, female patients should take out the intrauterine device when doing pelvic CT or magnetic resonance examination.

Second, keep an empty stomach or drink enough water or contrast media as required.

Patients should keep an empty stomach when taking barium meal, PET/CT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of upper digestive tract. Patients suspected of intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, acute pancreatitis and other diseases should also keep an empty stomach when doing imaging examination. Some imaging tests not only require patients to have an empty stomach, but also need to drink laxatives or enema to empty the feces in the intestine (this is also called intestinal preparation). Only in this way can the accuracy of the image inspection results be guaranteed. Of course, not all imaging examinations require patients to be on an empty stomach. When imaging pelvic cavity (including bladder, kidney, prostate, uterus and accessories, etc.). For patients, it is necessary for patients to drink enough water before the bladder is filled. In addition, patients should drink 300 ml of diluted contrast agent according to the doctor's requirements when doing upper abdominal CT examination, and they can be examined after drinking for a while; Patients need to drink contrast media (the total amount can reach 800 ml) several times when doing CT examination of kidney, and the examination can be carried out after drinking for 20 minutes. In addition, patients should eat a packet of aerogenic powder before doing barium meal examination of upper digestive tract, and then drink some water according to the doctor's requirements to enhance the effect of gas-barium double radiography.

Third, arrange the inspection sequence reasonably.

It is precisely because patients need to keep an empty stomach or drink enough water during imaging examination, so when patients need to do multiple imaging examinations at the same time, they must pay attention to the order of examinations to shorten the examination time. Usually, X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance examination and ultrasonic examination of some parts can be done first without what to eat, drink or get an injection in advance. These examinations include: X-ray examination of head, chest, abdomen and limbs; CT plain scan of head, chest and limbs; Plain MRI scan of head, chest, abdomen and limbs; Ultrasound examination of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidney. And those who need to drink water, eat or have an injection are often arranged after these examinations. On the contrary, if the patient has a barium meal examination of the upper digestive tract first, he can no longer do X-ray examination of abdomen, lumbosacral region and ct examination of chest and abdomen.

Fourth, do the necessary auxiliary inspection.

Sometimes, in order to do an imaging examination, patients need to do some auxiliary examinations before this examination to ensure the safety and effect of imaging examination. For example, before DSA examination, it is necessary to check the number of platelets and bleeding coagulation time of patients, and sometimes even check their liver function and kidney function to avoid bleeding and other diseases; Before PET/CT examination, it is necessary to check the patient's blood sugar. Once the patient's blood sugar is too high, it must be controlled within a suitable range before PET/CT examination can be carried out. If multi-slice spiral CT is used for coronary angiography, the patient's heart rate should be measured first, because the examination effect will be the best only if the patient's heart rate is controlled below 65 beats/min.

Five, understand the contraindications of imaging examination.

Clinical practice has proved that indiscriminate imaging examination will cause adverse consequences to patients and even lead to their death. Therefore, patients must understand the contraindications of imaging examination before doing imaging examination. More importantly, patients should truthfully report their medical history (including drug and food allergy history) to help doctors confirm whether you are suitable for X-ray radiography, CT enhancement and contrast examination. Patients with pacemakers or shrapnel, metal implants and insulin pumps cannot do MRI.

Sixth, work closely with doctors.

When taking a chest X-ray, the doctor will ask the patient to inhale first and then hold his breath. The purpose of inhalation is to fill the patient's lungs with gas, so as to form a good contrast on the examination images; Holding your breath is to avoid moving blurred artifacts in the examination image due to the patient's breathing movement. Another >>

Question 3: What are the physical examination items for radiation workers? Pre-job inspection items for radiation workers? After the emergency/accident exposure inspection items, check the items before the inspection items 1, and force the medical history and occupational history investigation; Routine examination of internal medicine and dermatology; Ophthalmic examination (color vision, vision, lens slit lamp examination, vitreous body, fundus); Blood routine and white blood cell classification; Urine routine; Liver function; Renal function examination; Chromosome aberration analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes: chest X-ray examination; Electrocardiogram; Abdominal ultrasound. 2. Selected examination items a) Otolaryngology and Vision (radiation workers in nuclear power plants); Psychological test (nuclear power plant operators and senior operators); Thyroid function; Lung function (mine workers who are exposed to internal radiation and need to wear respiratory protective devices); 1, medical history and occupational history survey of required items; Routine examination of internal medicine and dermatology; Ophthalmic examination (color vision, vision, lens slit lamp examination, vitreous body, fundus); Blood routine and white blood cell classification; Urine routine; Liver function; Renal function examination; Peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus test; Chest X-ray examination 2, optional item a) electrocardiogram; Abdominal ultrasound; Thyroid function; Serum testosterone; Chromosome aberration analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes: sputum cytological examination and/or lung function examination (radioactive mine workers, who need to wear respiratory protective devices after receiving internal irradiation); The whole body counter was used to detect the radionuclide retention in the body (workers engaged in unsealed sources) 1, and the medical history and occupational history of the required items were investigated; Routine examination of internal medicine and dermatology; Ophthalmic examination (color vision, vision, lens slit lamp examination, vitreous body, fundus); Blood routine and white blood cell classification; Urine routine; Liver function; Renal function examination; Chromosome aberration analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes: chest X-ray examination; Electrocardiogram; Abdominal ultrasound. 2. Selected examination items a) Otolaryngology and Vision (radiation workers in nuclear power plants); Psychological test (nuclear power plant operators and senior operators); Thyroid function; Lung function (radioactive mine workers, who need to wear respiratory protective devices after receiving internal irradiation); Use the whole body counter to detect the radionuclide retention (personnel engaged in unsealed source operation) 1, and investigate the emergency/accident exposure history, medical history and occupational history of the required items; Detailed examination of internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology and neurology; Blood routine and white blood cell classification (continuous sampling); Urine routine; Chromosome aberration analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes: micronucleus test of peripheral blood lymphocytes; Chest X-ray photography (after extracting blood samples needed for cytogenetic examination); Electrocardiogram II. Inspection item a) According to the specific conditions of exposure and damage, refer to GB 18 196-2000, GB/T 18 199-2000, GBZ1/2-. Note: a) The inspection should be selected according to the nature and type of occupational exposure and the health damage of employees.

Question 4: What is radiographic inspection? As one of the five conventional nondestructive testing methods, X-ray detection has been widely used in industry. At present, according to the definition of ASTM, radiographic testing can be divided into four categories: photographic testing, real-time imaging testing, chromatographic testing and other radiographic testing technologies.

X-ray detection-X-ray detection types: X-ray detection, γ-ray detection, β-ray detection, α-ray detection, neutron ray detection, etc.

X-ray detection-Advantages and disadvantages of X-ray detection

Advantages: it does not damage the detected object, is convenient and practical, and can achieve a unique detection effect that other detection methods cannot achieve. Wide application range, long-term archiving of negatives for future reference, convenient for accident analysis and intuitive display of defect images.

Disadvantages; It has side effects and even certain harm to human body, has adverse effects on other sensitive objects and has radiation pollution to the environment; It is difficult to recover developer and fixer, and direct discharge will cause environmental pollution.

Question 5: What are the radiological examinations? Please list them one by one, thank you! The most harmful thing is direct X-ray, such as chest X-ray examination of stomach barium meal.

The intensity of nuclear magnetic resonance and ct is smaller than that of direct X-ray, so check clearly.

In addition, the radiation intensity of laboratory radiation immunity is not small.

I hope I can help you. Thank you.

Question 6: What can X-rays check? According to experts from the People's Physical Examination Center, the main application of X-ray is chest X-ray: chest X-ray can see soft tissues, bones (including thoracic vertebrae), mediastinum (heart, great blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, etc. ), trachea and its branches, pleura, lung tissue, etc. It can be used to diagnose congenital diseases of lung and trachea, such as dysplasia, lung inflammation, acute and chronic bronchitis, obvious bronchiectasis, emphysema or pulmonary edema, various types of tuberculosis, lung tumor, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, mediastinal tumor, abnormal heart shape, etc. Popular experts remind you that you should pay attention to the following aspects when making chest radiographs: 1. General physical examination of X-ray irradiation, adults should not be more than once a year. The cancer prevention examination for middle-aged and elderly people should also be controlled within once a year. 2. Teenagers taking X-rays may affect their growth and development. If the lower abdomen and gonads are directly irradiated, it is easy to cause infertility in adults, and the risk of leukemia in children after bone marrow irradiation is greater than that in adults. Therefore, X-rays do not need to be listed as routine examinations for teenagers. 3. X-ray exposure during pregnancy may lead to fetal malformation, mental retardation of newborns, defects in hematopoietic system and nervous system, so try not to do X-ray examination during pregnancy. If you need to check the cause, it is best not to do it more than twice during the whole pregnancy. 4. If X-ray examination is needed for treatment and diagnosis, lead protective articles should be worn. Non-irradiated parts, especially those sensitive to X-ray reaction such as gonad and thyroid, should be well protected and wear protective articles. You can take the initiative to ask the doctor when you check. 5. When the X-ray machine is working, the warning indicator light on the door of the radiation room will light up. At this time, all people waiting for treatment will wait outside the protective door, and don't wait in the examination room to take pictures. Family members should not enter the examination room to accompany patients without special care to reduce unnecessary radiation. Customers who want direct telephone consultation are free of charge 24 hours a day. Authoritative experts will answer your questions related to physical examination and give you professional and personalized guidance according to your situation.