How do lighting engineers arrange interior renderings? What is the general value? What lights are there?

What should I pay attention to when rendering the interior design renderings [label: renderings, renderings, materials]? Anonymous answer: 2 popularity: 1 1 solution time: 2009-07- 10 22:24 Satisfied answer {1} 3DSMAX lighting principle and attention. Although a complex scene is illuminated by 100 lighting technicians, there will be 100 different schemes and effects, but everyone will abide by several principles of lighting. For indoor renderings and indoor photography, there is a famous and classic lighting theory, which is "three-point lighting". The author briefly introduces here: three-point lighting, also known as regional lighting, is generally used for lighting small-scale scenes. If the scene is large, it can be divided into several smaller areas for lighting. Generally, three light zones can be used, including main light, auxiliary light and background light. Main light: it is usually used to illuminate the main object and its surrounding area in the scene and play the role of projecting the main object. The main relationship between light and shade is determined by the main light, including the direction of projection. The task of the main lamp can also be completed with several lamps as needed. If the main light is in the position of 1.5 degrees to 30 degrees, it is said to be smooth; At the position of 45 degrees to 90 degrees, it is called sidelight; It becomes a side backlight at the position of 90 degrees to 120 degrees. The main light is usually made of spotlights. I like to set the brightness of the main light around 2 40. Auxiliary light: also known as auxiliary light. The fan-shaped reflector is illuminated by spotlight to form a uniform and indirect soft light source, which can fill the shadow area and scene area missed by the main light, reconcile the contrast between light and dark areas, and form a sense of depth of field and layering. In addition, this wide and uniform light distribution makes it lay the background color for the scene and define the tone of the scene. In order to achieve the effect of soft lighting, the brightness of auxiliary light is usually only 5 0%-80% of that of main light. Background light: its function is to increase the brightness of the background, thus setting off the subject and separating the subject and object from the background. Generally, floodlights are used, and the brightness should be dark but not too bright. The following figure is a simple schematic diagram of the lighting settings in this area. The light distribution sequence is: 1) First, determine the position and intensity of the main light; 2) determining the intensity and angle of the auxiliary light; 3) Equipped with background lights and decorative lights. The light distribution effect produced in this way should be clear in priority and complement each other. There are still several places in the lighting that need special attention: 1) The lighting should be fine, not too much. Too many lights make the work process messy and difficult to handle, and the display and rendering speed will also be seriously affected. Only the necessary lights can be kept. In addition, we should pay attention to the use of light projection, shadow mapping and material mapping, and it is best to use mapping where light can be replaced by mapping. For example, it is much more convenient and effective to show the light in the window when you look at it from the outside at night than to simulate it with lights. Don't distribute light casually, otherwise the success rate will be very low. For unnecessary lights, we must resolutely not keep them. 2) The lighting should reflect the light and shade distribution of the scene, and it should be hierarchical, and all lighting should not be treated equally. Choose different kinds of lights as needed, such as spotlights or floodlights; Decide whether to project the density of light and shadow as needed; Determine the brightness and contrast of the light as needed. If we want to achieve a more realistic effect, we must make some efforts in light attenuation. You can temporarily turn off some lights to eliminate interference and set other lights better. 3) You should know that the lights in max can be surreal. We should learn to use the "exclusion" and "inclusion" functions of light to see whether absolute lighting can illuminate or project an object. For example, in order to simulate the lighting and projection effect of candlelight, we usually place a floodlight at the wick of the candle. If this lamp doesn't project the candle body, the big shadow produced by the candle body on the desktop may give us a headache for half a day. In architectural renderings, the method of "exclusion" is often used to make lights not produce lighting or projection effects on some objects. 4) Lighting should follow the process from theme to part and from simple to complex. For the formation of lighting effect, we should first adjust the angle to set the main style, and then adjust the characteristics of lighting attenuation to enhance the sense of reality. Finally, adjust the color of the light and change the details. If you really want to simulate the effect of natural light, you must also have a deep understanding of natural light sources. Reading more books and doing more experiments will help. The lighting used in different occasions is also different. In the production of indoor renderings, in order to show a gorgeous effect, some main lights are often set to light orange, which can achieve the effect that materials are not easy to achieve. In short, it's only a matter of time before you practice more and dare to practice and master the essence of running out. {2} max5 radiosity workflow is based on physical workflow. When you use radiosity to simulate a real lighting scene, you must pay attention to the following points: * Scene size: Make sure your scene has the correct size. And the same unit (the light in a room with a height of120m is quite different from that in a room with a height of120cm). * Lighting: You must use photometric lights and ensure that the brightness of these lights is within the correct range. * Natural light: To simulate natural light, please make sure to use IES Sun and IES Sky. They can give the correct lighting information according to the specific location, date and time. * Material reflectivity: You must ensure that the reflectivity value of the secondary material in the scene is consistent with the reality. For example, the reflectivity of a wall with white paint is about 80%; However, the reflectivity of pure white material (RGB: 255,255,255) is 100%. In this case, you must manually adjust the reflectivity. * exposure control: exposure control is equivalent to the aperture of the camera. You can use it to control the final rendering result and optimize the rendered image.