What are the composition skills of photography?

Common skills of photographic composition 1, picture effect of shooting point

Photographic composition is the composition of camera lens. The position where the camera lens is aimed at the subject is the shooting point. The effect of the same scene on the screen is very different at different shooting points. Choosing a good shooting point is often the key to taking a good photo.

A, the picture effect of different lenses.

Different shooting distances will bring different effects to the picture, and different scenes have different performance effects. Generally divided into the following categories:

Foresight: the subject matter is wide and far-reaching, and it is good at expressing the momentum of the scenery, mainly taking nature as the object of expression, emphasizing the overall structure of the scenery and ignoring its performance.

Panorama: the scope of the subject is smaller than the foreground, and it is good at expressing the panorama of the subject and its environmental characteristics. Relatively speaking, panoramic view has a more obvious three-dimensional sense than distant view.

Mid shot: The scope of the subject is between the distant view and the panoramic view, and it is good at expressing the relationship between people and things and winning by plot.

Close shot: Highlight the main parts and features of the subject, and be good at depicting the expression of characters or the main modeling of scenery.

Close-up: it is a more concentrated and prominent reproduction of the person or a part of the scene. It is more detailed and specific than the close-up.

B, the picture effect in different directions.

? Direction? Refers to whether the shooting point is located on the front, back or side of the subject. The change of shooting direction will not only significantly change the image of the theme, but also significantly change the background environment.

Front direction: that is, the camera is facing the front of the subject. He is good at expressing symmetrical beauty, and can produce a sense of solemnity, majesty and silence. But this painting lacks perspective.

Oblique: It can make the horizontal line of the subject itself become a convergence line that can produce a strong perspective effect on the picture, thus helping to express the three-dimensional sense and space sense of the scene, making the picture vivid and helping to highlight the subject.

Positive direction: that is, the side direction at 90 degrees from the front of the subject. It is often used to shoot people, and its characteristics can vividly show the outline lines of people's faces, especially their noses. But it is not suitable for building in harmony, because it will weaken the three-dimensional sense and space sense of the building.

Back direction: shoot from the back of the subject. When shooting people with the back direction, if you pay attention to the use of posture, you can produce an implicit aesthetic feeling and cause more associations.

C, different heights of the picture effect.

? Height? Refers to whether the horizontal height of the camera and the subject is higher, lower or the same.

Flat shot: the camera is at the same height as the subject, which is characterized by horizontal shooting.

Upward shooting: the camera position is lower than the horizontal height of the shooting object, which is characterized by the upward tilt of the lens. Shooting up helps to emphasize and exaggerate the height of the subject, but the lens should not be tilted too much, otherwise it will cause serious deformation of the characters or scenery.

Overhead shooting: the camera position is higher than the horizontal height of the subject, which is characterized by shooting with the lens facing down. Its biggest feature is that it can fully expand the front and back scenes on the screen, which is helpful to produce rich scenes and a profound sense of space.

2. Modeling effect of lighting

The position of light on the object, that is, the direction and angle of light, will have different light and shade modeling effects on the same object under different lighting levels. These include:

A. headlights. The light comes from the front of the subject and is divided into flat light, flat light and advanced flat light according to the angle. The subject illuminated by frontal light will make people feel bright, but the stereoscopic impression is poor.

B. front side lights. Refers to the front side light at a 45-degree angle. The theme and characters have vitality and three-dimensional sense.

C, sidelight. Also known as 90-degree sidelight, the subject under sidelight has yin-yang effect, which can highlight the strong contrast between name and darkness.

D. taillights. Also known as side backlight. The light comes from the back of the subject, which can make one side of the subject produce an outline. The separation of the subject from the background enhances the three-dimensional sense and spatial sense of the picture.

E, backlight. Also known as backlight. The light comes from directly behind the subject. Can make the main body produce vivid outline lines. The separation of the subject from the background enhances the three-dimensional sense and spatial sense of the picture.

F, overhead light. Light comes from directly above an object, such as the midday sun.

G, light feet. Light comes from below the subject and is often reflected to the water in nature.

3. The visual effect of the subject

Composition, the most important thing is to shoot the protagonist (that is, the subject) in what position, which is the positioning of the subject. A good PP, generally speaking, you should use a central point that can attract the most visual attention, that is? Visual center? .

The location of the visual center in our common pictures can be nine squares? Third-class method? , forming a well shape. That is to say, in a painting, two lines form a TIC-tac-toe, so the four intersections in the TIC-tac-toe are the best points to arrange the main position.

In order to achieve the visual effect of the picture, we should also pay attention to the use of foreground and background. Foreground refers to the scene in front of the subject and close to the camera. It is helpful for the theme to reflect the seasonal and local characteristics, promote the audience to associate and produce artistic conception. The background is the scene behind the subject on the screen. It is an indispensable part of the picture to set off the main body. Pay attention to the concise background, in sharp contrast with the subject, which can improve the visual effect of the subject.

4. The formal effect of lines

Once many objects in nature enter our lens, they obviously form a linear structure. Common ingredients are as follows:

First, the triangle composition

There are many kinds of triangle compositions on the screen, such as equilateral triangle, right triangle, regular triangle, inverted triangle, oblique triangle and side triangle. The regular triangle has the characteristics of stability, balance and stability, while the inverted triangle gives people the feeling of instability, but it is very dynamic and the visual stimulation is fierce. Besides,? v？ Font composition also belongs to triangle composition.

B.s-shaped combination

S-shape is actually a curve, which belongs to a regular rigid curve. It has the advantages of beautiful curve, vitality and charm, and the picture is lively, which can effectively express the sense of space and depth of its scene.

C, cross diagram

A cross is the vertical intersection of a vertical line and a horizontal line. This composition gives people a sense of stability, solemnity and seriousness. It can be mature and mysterious, and it can be healthy and upward, but it is not easy to be equal in length and breadth. Generally speaking, the shorter the longitudinal and transverse lengths, the better. If the two lines have the same length and the same intersection point, it will give people a sense of symmetry, lack vitality and movement, and weaken the expressive force.

D, diagonal cross composition

Cross deformation is the composition of diagonal lines. Taking the intersection of the original cross-shaped horizontal line and vertical line as the axis, it becomes two oblique lines when it is tilted. Compared with the former, the picture formed in the form of diagonal lines reduces symmetry and rigidity, and is more dynamic, lively and stretched.

E, herringbone composition

Herringbone composition is not only? Rice? Glyph, and it is a multi-line cross pattern with the intersection as the axis. He has a sense of unity. Its lines are symbols of cohesion and centripetal force at the intersection, such as the two wings of a butterfly, so it is also called? Butterfly? Composition.

F, frame-shaped composition

Frame-shaped composition is to surround the main body to be represented with the trees and flowers closest to the camera, so that the foreground forms a? Box? Let the audience appreciate the subject through the frame. This kind of PP should pay attention to the strong contrast between the picture and the main body.

G, holographic composition

It not only means filling the screen with a single theme to highlight the main body, but also means filling the screen with a large number of themes without leaving any blank. Because the image of the subject is crowded, there will be no imbalance and instability, which will give people room for imagination and lead their eyes out of the picture.

H, diagonal composition

Diagonal composition refers to the relationship between the four corners of the picture and the diagonal function, and the other refers to the composition form in which objects make diagonal lines in the picture to make the picture come alive.

Slant lines can guide people's eyes to form a sense of movement, make the picture more dynamic and change the fixed image. In addition to using the diagonal of the picture, you can also use the scenery to make a diagonal in the picture. There are many ways to create diagonal lines, such as tilting the picture, choosing the shooting angle, and using perspective to make the subject form diagonal lines.

First, the composition of the direction angle

Direction angle is to deliberately create an angle in the picture. Different from diagonal composition, it creates one or several angles in the picture to indicate the direction of movement. The smaller the angle, the greater the influence; The sharper the angle, the stronger the movement. This composition can create an atmosphere and enhance artistic expression. The composition in the form of azimuth angle can make use of buildings, other people's group images and scenes, and can also make angles.

J, the form of centralized convergence

Central convergence means that all the lines in the picture converge to the center to form a cross shape, which leads the audience's attention to the central point of convergence. This kind of composition should not only reflect the lines that go deep into the distance, but also arrange the main scenery at the meeting point, so as not to form a situation of gathering without owners.

K, symmetrical composition

Symmetrical composition refers to the same or similar formal elements in the scene, which are unfolded or combined in a corresponding relationship on both sides of the central axis to form a whole. Symmetry, it requires that the left and right sides of the picture or the upper and lower ends of the picture have the same objects corresponding to each other, or the objects are not exactly the same, but they are commensurate in size and position.

5. Emotional effect of tone.

In real life, due to different lighting conditions, the characteristics of light absorbed and reflected by objects are different, and they all have different colors and brightness. The light and dark changes of the scene will be displayed on the screen, so that we can know the shape, volume and texture of the scene. For example, from the brightest to the darkest tone, there are many different tone levels, and the trend of excessive is relatively slow. What's this called? Soft tunes? On the other hand, it is called. Hard tone? Between the two? Midtone? . Different proportions of black and white tones in the picture will form different feelings. Have a plenty of gifts? High profile? Some of them are gifts? Keep a low profile? . Color photos are divided into warm colors, cool colors, contrast colors and harmonious colors.

In this colorful tone, it gives people a psychological emotional, symbolic and functional feeling effect. For example, in different colors, warm colors make people feel close and give people a warm feeling; Cool colors make people feel far away and give people a cool feeling.

Six techniques to highlight the key points of photos 1. Highlight key points through layout:

As we know, the difference between a live photo and a live photo is that the photo is defined by four borders, and the live photo is continuous, so the viewer can turn his attention to any part around. So how the photographer arranges the still life in these four lines determines the success or failure of his work.

It is very important to decide where to arrange the theme as the center of interest. Generally speaking, objects placed near the center of the picture stand out most. Remember? All laws are doomed to be broken? The principle of. The golden section, the nine squares and the center of the picture can all be arranged by you, but you must remember one thing and lay it out carefully! This is related to the success or failure of your work!

2, through the size of the proportional relationship to highlight the key points:

An effective way to highlight the theme is to make it look different in size. The heroine in the huge advertisement in the picture above is much older than the real-life hero. By contrast, the black man in the corner looks so humble.

Breaking the normal proportional relationship, whether narrowing or enlarging, can achieve the ideal effect of highlighting the key points.

3. Highlight the main body through the framework:

Just like the photo below, the child behind the barbed wire, his eyes are clear and transparent, no matter what kind of restrictions, he can't be free. Such creative frames are everywhere, as long as you observe them carefully before shooting. But you know, this picture frame composition is just one kind. Shantou? , is used for a change of taste, not abuse. Of course, you don't want people to look at the frame more than the main body.

4. Highlight the theme with lights:

Remember, photography is all about your use of light at any time. It is not only a technical problem such as obtaining accurate exposure, but also a creative means. Whenever you look at the viewfinder, you should first look at the light, observe the effect of the light and experience the essence of the light. Highlighting the key points with light is one of the most powerful means.

5. Highlight the key points by choosing the focus:

First, focus on your topic accurately. Secondly, if your subject is a person, let his/her eyes look directly at the camera and focus the viewer's attention on his/her eyes. Third, put the subject in the center of the picture.

6. Highlight the theme with lights: