Specific information about the hanging garden.

Hanging garden is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, also known as hanging garden. In the 6th century, Nebuchadnezzar of the new kingdom of Babylon was in the city of Babylon.

It was built for her homesick Princess Amyitis. It no longer exists. It is said that the hanging garden adopts the three-dimensional gardening method, which puts the garden on a four-story platform made of asphalt and bricks, and the platform is made of

The slave was supported by a 25-meter-high column and equipped with an irrigation system. He kept pushing the handle connected to the gear. The garden is full of all kinds of flowers and trees, which looks like a garden hanging in mid-air from a distance. In Babylonian literature, the hanging garden is always a

This is a mystery, and not even an article mentions the hanging garden.

The development history of directory basic information eight wonders of the world list expands the development history of basic information eight wonders of the world list expands.

Edit the basic information of this paragraph-Hanging Garden

When it comes to the ancient Babylonian civilization, the first thing that people talk about and think about is the "hanging garden". Picture of Hanging Garden Modeling (1 1)

Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon have never hung in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's misinterpretation of the Greek word "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis", which originally meant "hanging" and "protruding". It was built by King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon to please his queen (Princess Mitis). It is one of the eight ancient wonders of the world. Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists still can't find its exact location. In fact, most people who describe hanging gardens have never set foot in Babylon, but there is a wonderful garden in the east, which is called heaven by the Persian king. With the help of both, a magical garden in distant Babylon has been formed. In fact, in the written records of Babylon, it is also a mystery, and there is no mention of the hanging garden.

Basic structure

Hanging Garden [1] Week

It is more than 500 meters long and is built on a high platform by three-dimensional gardening. Rockery with stone pillars and slabs layered on top of each other reaches the sky. Seen from a distance, the garden looks like it is in the sky. Rockery is divided into upper, middle and lower floors.

Each floor is supported by large stone pillars, which are covered with halls and pavilions. In order to prevent water seepage, each layer is paved with wicker mats soaked in asphalt, then two layers of bricks are paved on the mats, a layer of lead is poured on them, and fertile soil is cultivated on them to plant many plants.

Strange flowers and plants, irrigation water and water pipes. A touching legend

For thousands of years, there has been a beautiful and touching legend about "Hanging Garden". King Nebuchadnezzar II of new Babylon (605-562 BC) married Amyitis, the princess of the Medes. The princess was beautiful and won the king's favor. But as time went on, the princess became sad. Nebuchadnezzar doesn't know why. The princess said, "my hometown is full of green mountains and green waters, and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant." And here is the plain of Babylon, with endless beautiful hanging gardens, and even a hill can't be found. How I long to see the mountains and winding paths in our hometown again! " So the princess is homesick. Therefore, Nebuchadnezzar II ordered craftsmen to build a cascade garden in his palace according to the scenery of Mount Mitis, which was full of exotic flowers and herbs, and opened a quiet mountain path in the garden, with flowing water beside the path. The craftsmen also built a tower in the middle of the garden, which stood in the air. The wonderful garden scenery finally won the favor of the princess.

The origin of the name

Because the garden is higher than the palace wall, it feels that the whole imperial garden is hanging in the air, so it is called "hanging garden" and "hanging garden". Those who went to Babylon to worship, do business or travel in those days could see the golden roof shining in the sun from a distance. Therefore, by the 2nd century AD, Greek scholars listed the "Hanging Garden" as one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" when evaluating famous buildings and sculptures around the world. Since then, the "Hanging Garden" has become more famous.

Restoration of Hanging Gardens

Regrettably, the "Hanging Garden", like other famous buildings of Babylonian civilization, has long been submerged in the rolling yellow sand. We can only understand the "hanging garden" through historical records of later generations and modern archaeological excavations. However, there are also some records that although the "hanging garden" is mentioned, people think that the legendary "hanging garden" was not built by Nebuchadnezzar II, but was specially built by a Syrian king to please his beloved princess. Some records even think that the legendary "Hanging Garden" actually refers to the royal garden built by Assyrian King sinatra Herib in Nineveh, his capital.

The theory of superiority of Iraqi civilization is the psychological basis of Saddam's desire for Arab leaders. Sumerian civilization, Babylonian civilization, Assyrian civilization and new Babylonian civilization have been created in the history of Iraq, and Iraq is the backbone of the brilliant Arab empire Abbasid dynasty. This legacy has made Iraqis proud for generations, and Saddam even inherited it and sold it in the new era. He once proudly said to foreign journalists, "The oldest civilization in the world is Mesopotamia,

There is no doubt about it. In a public speech, he mentioned that Iraq was once "a shining lighthouse" in history. After he took office, he invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to explore, organize, protect and restore.

After the restoration of historical sites, more than 65,438+0,000 sites have been established nationwide. The "Hanging Garden" of the New Kingdom of Babylon was rebuilt in Zaola Park in Baghdad. There are many museums in Baghdad, the number of which is one of the best in major cities in the Middle East.

Among them, Baghdad has many museums, the number of which is second to none in major cities in the Middle East. Among them, Baghdad Museum can rank among the largest museums in the world, and it has a collection of ancient two rivers.

The cultural relics of all ethnic groups living in the valley reflect Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, Seljuk and Sassanian civilizations. Through these means, the leadership of the Iraqi Baath Party has inspired the history of the people.

A sense of pride shows the world the wisdom of Iraqi national superman. These practices are used by all countries in the world, which is understandable, but they do reflect the strong sense of national superiority of the Iraqi Baath Party leadership group, which is related to him.

A series of political opinions and behaviors of children can be seen at a glance. Ruins of Babylon

Until the end of 19, the German exam.

Paleontologists excavated the ruins of Babylon. When they were digging the Nangong Garden, they dug to the northeast corner.

An unusual, semi-underground almost rectangular building with an area of about 1260 square meters was built. This building consists of two rows of log cabins, each row is only 6.6 square meters on average. Two rows of cottages are separated by a corridor.

Open and symmetrical layout, surrounded by tall and generous walls. A well with three sinks, one square and two ovals, was found in a hut in the west row.

According to the analysis of archaeologists, these huts may be the original water rooms, and those tanks were used to install the pressurized water machine. Therefore, archaeologists believe that this place is probably the site of the legendary "Hanging Garden". those years

The Babylonians paved the solid vaults of these huts with mud, raised them layer by layer, and planted flowers and trees. As for irrigation water, it is continuously supplied by the pressurized water machine in the underground cabin. Archaeologists proved the water pressure at that time through textual research.

The use principle of the machine is basically the same as that of the chain pump. It ties several buckets to a chain belt and connects them with a wheel placed on the wall. When the wheel rotates once, the bucket rotates, completing the whole process of lifting and pouring water, and then the water passes.

The pool flows into the garden for irrigation. water-supply system

The most magical part of the hanging garden is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the hanging garden are thought to be far away from the Euphrates River, the researchers believe that there should be many water conveyance facilities in the hanging garden, as shown in the figure. The slaves kept pushing the handle with gears to transport the groundwater to the storage tank on the top floor, and then returned to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because it is impossible for ordinary buildings to resist the erosion of the river for many years without falling down. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are different. They added reeds, asphalt and tiles, and there are even documents that the stone was covered with lead to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation.

Today's "Hanging Garden"

In order to develop tourism, 1978, the Iraqi government formulated and implemented the modern map of the hanging garden (15).

According to the planning of the Babylonian ruins, some walls and buildings were copied on the ruins, and a museum was built in the city to display the unearthed Babylonian cultural relics, among which a replica of the black amphibole monument with a height of more than 2 meters was the most precious.

Gui, the upper part of the stone tablet is engraved with the exquisite relief of the scene where the sun god conferred the title of Hammurabi, and the lower part is the full text of code of hammurabi recorded in cuneiform. This film was written by King Hammurabi of Babylon (about AD 1500).

The original stone tablet of the world's first code, which was formulated under the leadership of 1792- 1750, is now kept in the Louvre Museum in France. In addition, the Iraqi government rebuilt the Nimmak Temple and the Hanging Garden on the ruins of Babylon and Baghdad, and restored the pale blue wall of a new ancient city with a height of several tens of meters, thus recreating the charm of the old city. [ 1]

In addition, archaeologists did find a lot of traces of planting flowers and trees in the site. However, so far, no exact documents have been found in the clay tablets of Babylonian cuneiform. Therefore, whether the archaeologist's explanation is correct needs further study. In short, the true face of the legendary "hanging garden" is still hidden in the fog of history.

Edit this development history, the birth of Babylon

Mesopotamia (Greek: the place between the two rivers) in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers was about19th century BC, that is, 1894 (China Xia Dynasty), which gave birth to the earliest civilization in human history-the ancient Babylonian civilization also formulated a code called code of hammurabi; Because there is no natural barrier in this area, Babylon presents a diversified cultural development trend.

The place between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River is called Mesopotamia, which means "between the two rivers". Every spring, the snow on the plateau melts, and these two rivers flood in Mesopotamia. Especially in the downstream area, the terrain is low and concave, almost completely submerged. A Babylonian myth that has been handed down to this day vividly reflects this situation: the hanging gardens depicted by Assyrians.

The ancestors of the king of Babylon dreamed that he met a fairy. God told him that the flood would flood the earth to punish human sins. Because he has always been devout to God, and God wants to save him. The man obeyed God's command.

I bought an ark, moved my family to the boat, and brought some animals and some seeds. Soon, dark clouds filled the sky, darkness covered the earth, a storm hit, and floods drowned all life except that one.

The ark floats on the boundless water. On the seventh day, the wind stopped and the river was calm. At this time, the ark floated to a mountain. The people on board released the animals from the ark, sowed seeds on the mountains, and the life of the earth was reopened.

Here we go. Many myths of human nations are influenced by ancient Babylonian legends. The story of the famous Noah's Ark in the West also evolved from this legend: a man named Noah built a square according to God's command.

The whole family got on the boat and escaped the flood. After the flood receded, Noah released a pigeon. Soon, the pigeon came back with a freshly twisted olive in its mouth, Ye Fei, so that Noah knew that the flood had receded and everything was restored.

Life. Later, westerners regarded pigeons and olive branches as symbols of peace.

Of course, neither the immortal nor the dove of peace can bring real peace and happiness to people. To overcome the flood, people must rely on themselves. The Babylonians are struggling with the flood.

In the struggle, I learned to repair dams and open canals and rivers. After the flood subsided, like the Egyptians, they also enjoyed the benefits of regular flooding of the river. The flood brought a lot of silt, which made the soil on both sides of the river very fertile.

Oh. Coupled with strong sunshine and abundant water resources, crops are harvested every year. It is said that wheat was first planted in Babylon. Babylon was conquered.

Living in the north of Babylon

Assyrians are very powerful. In the 8th century BC (China has entered the Spring and Autumn Period), Assyria became a huge military empire. Babylon was conquered by it, Syria, Phoenicia, Palestine, Asia Minor and Egypt.

Moreover, it has also been included in its territory. Except Greece and Italy, it occupied almost the whole Mediterranean coast. The capital of Assyria is Nineveh, where many magnificent palaces have been built. In 6 12 BC, he lived in Babi.

The Chaldeans in Hebron and the Medes in the East joined forces to attack Assyria. They rushed into Nineveh with bloody spears and shields. The residents of the whole city were slaughtered, even the children were not spared. The last king of Assyria, Sinsarikhon, and his palace were burned to ashes. Since then, this huge empire and its capital have disappeared from the ground. Carla was found.

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There are two huge barren hills along the Grice River, which are said to be the ruins of Nineveh. 1845, Raya, England.

It is necessary to dig two Assyrian palaces here and find the famous giant winged statue of the head cow and many exquisite stone carvings. Later, he continued to dig and dug up 28 palaces and halls in three years. However, this is not the case.

Not Nineveh, but another city in Assyria called Kara. The real Nineveh is sixty or seventy kilometers north of Kara. 1849, Layard discovered the tomb of King Sinukili (more than 700 BC) here.

The ruins of the Grand Palace. This palace was burned by the Medes. Many are engraved with pictures and cuneiform characters.

There are traces of fire on the clay board. The two libraries in the palace are full of clay tablets engraved with cuneiform characters. The largest piece is 3 meters long and more than 2 meters wide, and the smallest piece is less than 1 inch long, with only one or two lines engraved. these

Clay tablets are Assyrian books more than 2,500 years ago, which are rich in content, including knowledge of history, law, religion and natural science. A few years later, archaeologist Russum rediscovered the palace hall of King Azubani.

Another royal library. There are many myths about Assyria and Babylon engraved on the clay tablets collected in the library. Assyrian palaces were built by thousands of slaves, most of whom were plundered by Assyrians in the war.

Captives. When slaves work, some wear chains and fetters, and some are firmly tied together by chains. There are soldiers with weapons watching. Pictures reflecting these scenes have also been unearthed. Zainini

Micro-excavation of a large number of unearthed cultural relics enables people to clearly understand the history of the rise and fall of the Assyrian Empire. Known as eight wonders of the world

The Chaldeans who defeated Assyria are in

Babylon established a new country. In order to distinguish it from Babylon Wang Guoxiang, which was destroyed by Assyria, people called it the New Babylonian Kingdom. Nebuchadnezzar, the new king of Babylon, built the capital of Babylon into a fortress.

Like a city. Even by today's standards, its scale is amazing. The city is square, each side is 22.2 kilometers long. The wall around the city is about 8.5 meters high and is made of bricks and paint.

Yes Four horse-drawn chariots can run on the wide wall. There are 100 bronze gates in the city. There is also a deep moat around the city wall. The Euphrates River flows under the city walls and through the city. In Babylon

There is also a big palace with a "hanging garden" built in it, which was later called one of the eight wonders of the world.

During the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC), Babylon was the most powerful country. He led the army to attack Syria,

Send troops to Palestine, seize Jerusalem, destroy the Jewish kingdom, force Jews to move to Babylon as slaves and become "prisoners of Babylon". In his later years, he also invaded Egypt. In these decades, the population of Babylon has reached.

More than 654.38 million people and businessmen came from all over Asia, and the slave economy has developed greatly. However, behind the prosperity, there has always been a latent crisis, and the hatred and resistance of conquered foreigners against the slave owners in Babylon have occurred constantly.

The poor and peasants of this race became slaves because of bankruptcy, which aggravated the class contradiction in China, and the contradiction between slave owners' classes for power and interests intensified. After Nebuchadnezzar's death, the domestic political situation was immediately turbulent, eight in six years.

The king was deposed and two of them were killed. In the East, the increasingly powerful Persian Empire conquered Medea, an ally of Babylon, and formed a situation where the army was under siege.

The slave owners in Babylon were busy fighting for power and profit and enjoying themselves. They think their walls are so high and strong that no one can break them. They never thought about the enemy.

People will use the Euphrates River across the city wall to break into houses. One night, a young prince in Babylon was holding a carnival party. King Ju Lushi of Persia ordered the construction of a dam on the Euphrates River, and the river water was injected into the dam.

Step aside. His army sneaked into the city from the riverbed on the other side and captured Babylon without fighting. It is said that some Babylonian businessmen were inside the Persians. This happened in 538 BC.

(Late Spring and Autumn Period in China). The kingdom of Babylon perished.

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In 88, the new Babylonian kingdom perished. Babylon's prosperity, Babylon's miracle, Babylon's high walls and bronze doors and its "hanging gardens" have all become piles of barren hills and wasteland. 1899 Babylonian ruins

It was gradually excavated in 2000, enabling people to study its past more accurately. However, the excavation work encountered difficulties, and the influence of groundwater made the city of Babylon in Cuba face the danger of being completely destroyed. How to lower the water level of the river becomes a promise.

A subject studied by experts from many countries. Edit this eight wonders of the world list.

1. Pyramid

2. Statue of Zeus

3. The Colossus of Rhodes

4. Hanging Garden

5. The Temple of Al themis

6. Mao Solas Tomb Temple

7. Alexandria lighthouse

8. Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Underground Array

Babylon, Babylon

The capital of the kingdom of Babylon. About 90 kilometers south of Baghdad, Iraq today. Akkadian in Babylon means Camino Cardo. In the first half of the 8th century BC/KLOC-0, King Hammurabi of Babylon unified the two river basins, making them the national capital and the center of offering sacrifices to Marduk. Later, it became the capital of the kings of Gassett. In 689 BC, it was destroyed by Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and soon rebuilt by the new kingdom of Babylon. During the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II of New Babylon (605-562 BC), the city reached its peak and became the capital of the Persian Empire in about 539 BC. In 33 1 BC, Macedonian troops invaded and Babylon became the capital of eastern Macedonia. After the death of Alexander the Great of Macedonia, the city of Babylon gradually declined.

Ancient Greek historians recorded the city of Babylon, among which Herodotus recorded it the earliest. Archaeological excavation of the site was carried out from 1899 to 19 17. According to historical and archaeological data, the urban layout of Nebuchadnezzar period can be roughly restored. At that time, the Euphrates River could

It can flow through the middle of the city, and the main buildings are concentrated in Hedong. There are two walls, made of mud bricks or bricks, with a tower in the middle, of which the widest part of the outer wall is 7. 1 m. The main entrance to the city is the Istanbul Gate, which is12m high and double-sided.

Dedicated to the goddess estelle. The main entrance is a north-south parade street, paved with stones or bricks. The estelle Gate and the main street are decorated with colored glazed animal reliefs, and the animals are arranged horizontally. Hista, west of Parade Street.

To the southwest of the temple is the main palace area, namely the Nangong of Nebuchadnezzar II, which consists of five courtyards. The third courtyard in the center is decorated with lion statues made of glazed tiles and flowers and trees with various geometric patterns. There is a hanging garden in the northeast corner of Nangong, one of the seven wonders of the world. There are many temples in the city, including Marduk Temple and Ta Temple in the city center. There are Ningma River Temple and Sivir Hista Temple in the east of the city. The cultural relics unearthed in this city include pottery, glassware, decorations, cylindrical seals, clay tablets and other documents.

Hanging Garden is an outstanding achievement of ancient Babylonians, which brought people great pride. Travelers who come to Babylon often record this spectacular sight. The hanging garden should have been built by King Nebuchadnezzar II in 600 BC, which represents an amazing performance in engineering. All kinds of trees, shrubs and vines are planted in layered gardens. It is said that the hanging garden initially looked like a green mountain peak made of mud bricks, rising from the center of the city.

Because the new Babylonians

I learned to build major monuments with brightly colored glazed tiles, so the colors of Babylon are amazing. A famous example is the wall of Babylon, one of the "Seven Wonders of the World". The city wall is bright blue as the background color, from white; A yellow lion; The patterns of cows and dragons are all over the city wall, arranged orderly from top to bottom, strutting and lifelike. It was called "Hanging Garden" by later generations.