Original poem "Sword Gate" by Du Fu

Only Heaven has set up dangers, and Jianmen is strong in the world.

It is surrounded by mountains to the southwest, and the stone corners all face north.

The two cliffs lean against each other, depicting the shape of a city.

When a man comes to pass in anger, millions of people are not close to him.

The pearls and jade are walking in the Central Plains, and the atmosphere is desolate.

In front of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, chickens and dogs are placed side by side.

The queen is still far away, and her official position as a tribute has been lost.

To this day, the heroic man has a high vision and sees the overlord.

Annexation and separatism, trying their best not to give in.

I will really kill the sin, and I want to wipe out the mountains!

Jianmen is located in the north of Jiange County, Sichuan. According to the "Unification of the Qing Dynasty": "Baoning Prefecture, Sichuan: Dajian Mountain is located 25 miles north of Jianzhou. The mountain is cut off and interrupted by two cliffs, like a gate and a sword, so it is also called Jian. "Menshan." When Du Fu moved his family from Tonggu, Qinzhou to Chengdu in 759 AD (the second year of Qianyuan), he was amazed by the dangerous terrain and thought of the Anshi Rebellion caused by the power of the vassal town. Realizing that the land south of Jiannan is prone to being separatist and separatist by warlords, it expresses deep concern about the future of the country. The first eight sentences of this poem start suddenly, describing the author's astonished look when he first saw Jianmen Mountain. Such a dangerous and majestic mountain is truly a creation of nature! Mountains are connected and surround the southwest, and the corners of the rocks on the mountains point to the north. The two cliffs are towering, like walls, and built in the shape of a fortress, like a city wall. As long as one person is angry and stands guard, even millions of people will not dare to approach! These vivid descriptions, on the one hand, use the technique of Fu to directly describe the majesty, danger and majesty of the mountains, showing the majestic and grand momentum, which is very vivid and makes people feel like they are there. Yang Lun said: "When Song Qi learned about Chengdu, he chanted the first four lines of Du's poem, sighed, and thought it was a true record." ("Du Shi Jingquan") The word "dangerous" and "strong" are used to describe Jianmen in the poem. These two words spread out. On the other hand, what is more important is that the poem adopts the technique of expressing emotions in the poem, embodying profound political thoughts. Especially the two sentences "The mountains embrace the southwest, and the stone corners all face north" are rich in meaning and thought-provoking. "Pu Qilong's "Reading Du Xinjie" said: "The theory is based on the fact that the land is dangerous and easy to move." "Hold the southwest, see the curve to protect the enemy; turn to the north, see the enemy is clearly visible to us. At the end of the article, I want to remove the roots of the mountains. "The poet has clearly realized from the steep mountains that such a dangerous geographical environment can easily be exploited by careerists, and there is always the danger of breaking away from the central dynasty and local separatism. "Shijiao" appears to be describing mountains, but in fact It symbolizes those local warlords with ulterior motives. Based on the specific description, the author expresses his opinions on current affairs. The poet first writes that the current imperial court is exploiting the people, and pearls and jade are being exported to the Central Plains. As a result, the people of Shu are impoverished, and even Minshan and Emeishan are also affected. The look is desolate. The word "Zuo" is derived from "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", Volume 6 says: "The pearl comes from the rivers and seas, the jade comes from Kunshan, and those who come without feet are like the Lord (same as 'You'). That's good. "This euphemistically pointed out the Tang Dynasty's harsh expropriation and plundering of the people of Sichuan, thus revealing the reason why the world was the enemy. After that, the author changed his style and expressed his discussion from a historical perspective. Looking back on ancient times, Sichuan was not accessible In the Central Plains, people did not distinguish between each other at that time, and even chickens and dogs were allowed to roam freely. However, after the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, although they implemented a tolerant policy towards distant places, they set up officials to accept tribute, which set the precedent for later generations to impose heavy taxes and fierce conquests, and also dealt with domineering people. The gangsters also gradually lost control, causing local warlords to arrogantly dominate each other, refusing to give in to each other, and fighting each other inextricably. Each of these discussions is related to history, and the last four sentences are related to reality. The poet expressed his strong anger towards those who launched the war and separatist the motherland, and his worries about the future of the motherland. The poet said: I want to condemn God, I really want to level these mountains; thinking that separatism will happen from time to time in the future, I I can't help feeling melancholy and speechless in the face of the wind! These last four sentences are very important and are the key to the whole poem. They echo with the strong description of danger and strength at the beginning of the chapter, making the whole poem the key to it. The description is realistic; "I am afraid that this will happen again" is a summary of the discussions about "annexation" and "separation", and further expresses his worries about the future situation: "The poet has two concerns: First, the natural danger of Jianmen is conducive to warlords' separatist rule. This has been done in ancient times, but it is still difficult to protect it today. Second, the country of Tianfu is rich in products. If excessive demands are made, it will inevitably lead to resentment and chaos. This is what this poem is about. "(Volume 2 of "The Biography of Du Fu") This deep worry makes the end of the whole poem seem more melancholy and powerful. However, in the last sentence, the author deliberately left off a line, "In the wind, silently melancholy", vividly painting The poet's unspeakable image is revealed, and the helpless emotion is faintly revealed, giving people a sense of leisure and far-reaching. The poem rises abruptly, and after turning and changing in the middle, it gradually fades away at the end, and the whole poem rises like a violent wave. , the ups and downs of the people, vividly showing the author's changing mood in front of readers, so as to understand the majestic, vast and far-reaching poetic meaning. Yang Lun commented on this poem in "Du Shi Jingquan": "It is based on discussion. The rhyme is at least as good as Ling, and the poems like Shaoling are as good as this. The writing is so powerful that it is as if it is as good as "Jiange Ming". "Du Fu's discussion in his poems was the first for people in the Song Dynasty to use discussion as a poem, but the discussion in Du Fu's poems is also different from ordinary Song poetry. On the one hand, the poet's discussion is closely integrated with the description of scenery and personnel. , the discussion is based on vivid images and occurs naturally.

On the other hand, the author injects his own passion into the discussion, and his words tug at the readers' heartstrings, so it is never boring. On the other hand, the author's comments are all aimed at the real society, so they are not vague at all.